最近 China Azure 上刚刚发布了 NCv3 系列的 GPU 虚拟主机，细心的小伙伴可能注意到，NCv3 中有一款型号为 NC24rs 的虚拟主机，这个字母 r 来的些许蹊跷，代表什么意思呢？通过查阅官网对于该主机的介绍说明可见，原来 r 代表 RDMA，表示该虚拟主机支持 infiniband 来加持的 RDMA 网络。infiniband 可以帮计算节点获得高带宽低延迟的加持，在集群计算场景下可以大大提成效率。今天我们一起来看一下 infiniband 加持后节点通信性能几何。
我们准备两台 NC24rsv3 的虚拟主机，为保证两台主机可以通过 infiniband 进行互通，我们需要讲两台虚拟主机部署在同一可用性集中（availability set）。部署完成后，登陆虚拟主机安装 RDMA 相关组件，本文以 ubuntu 16.04 LTS 为例，操作步骤如下：
1. 安装 RDMA 相关组件
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install libdapl2 libmlx4-1
2. 使能 RDMA
通过 root 权限修改 /etc/waagent.conf 文件
OS.EnableRDMA=y
OS.UpdateRdmaDriver=y
3. 打开内存限制
通过 root 权限修改 /etc/security/limits.conf
* hard memlock unlimited
* soft memlock unlimited
4. 重启主机生效配置
sudo reboot
5. 安装 Intel MPI 驱动
下载驱动
wget http://registrationcenter-download.intel.com/akdlm/irc_nas/tec/9278/l_mpi_p_5.1.3.223.tgz
解压缩驱动，进入驱动压缩包所在目录
tar -xzf l_mpi_p_5.1.3.223.tgz
进入解压的安装目录，进行安装
cd l_mpi_p_5.1.3.223/ ./install.sh
选择 1， 并按照提示输入 root 密码
Please make your selection by entering an option. Root access is recommended for evaluation. 1. Run as a root for system wide access for all users [default] 2. Run using sudo privileges and password for system wide access for all users 3. Run as current user to limit access to user level h. Help q. Quit
确认，并接受 EULA
Step 1 of 6 | Welcome -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Welcome to the Intel(R) MPI Library 5.1 Update 3 for Linux* setup program. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- You will complete the steps below during setup process: Step 1 : Welcome Step 2 : License agreement Step 3 : Activation Step 4 : Options Step 5 : Installation Step 6 : Complete -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Press "Enter" key to continue or "q" to quit:
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Any change to or deletion of a provision or part of this Agreement under this Section will not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement, which will continue in full force and effect. Document Title and Version: End User License Agreement for the Intel(R) Software Development Products (Version March 2016) * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Do you agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this license agreement? Type 'accept' to continue or 'decline' to go back to the previous menu: accept
选择使用 evaluation 授权
Step 3 of 6 | Activation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If you have purchased this product and have the serial number and a connection to the internet you can choose to activate the product at this time. Alternatively, you can choose to evaluate the product or defer activation by choosing the evaluate option. Evaluation software will time out in about one month. You can also use license file or Intel(R) Software License Manager. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Use existing trial license (31 day(s) left) [default] 2. I want to activate my product using a serial number 3. I want to activate by using a license file, or by using Intel(R) Software License Manager h. Help b. Back to the previous menu q. Quit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Please type a selection or press "Enter" to accept default choice [1]:
选择完成配置安装
Step 4 of 6 | Options > Configure Cluster Installation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This product can be installed on cluster nodes. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Finish configuring installation target [default] 2. Installation target [ Current system only ] h. Help b. Back to the previous menu q. Quit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Please type a selection or press "Enter" to accept default choice [1]:
选择 start installation， 记录安装路径 /opt/intel
Step 4 of 6 | Options > Pre-install Summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Install location: /opt/intel Component(s) selected: Intel(R) MPI Library 5.1 Update 3 763MB Intel MPI Benchmarks Intel MPI Library, Runtime Environment for applications running on Intel(R) 64 Architecture Intel MPI Library for applications running on Intel(R) 64 Architecture Intel MPI Library for applications running on Intel(R) Many Integrated Core Architecture Install Space Required: 840MB Installation target: Install on the current system only 1. Start installation Now [default] 2. Customize installation h. Help b. Back to the previous menu q. Quit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Please type a selection or press "Enter" to accept default choice [1]:
安装完毕确认
Step 5 of 6 | Installation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Each component will be installed individually. If you cancel the installation, some components might remain on your system. This installation may take several minutes, depending on your system and the options you selected. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Installing Intel MPI Benchmarks component... done -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Installing Intel MPI Library, Runtime Environment for applications running on Intel(R) 64 Architecture component... done -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Installing Intel MPI Library for applications running on Intel(R) 64 Architecture component... done -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Installing Intel MPI Library for applications running on Intel(R) Many Integrated Core Architecture component... done -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Finalizing product configuration... -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Press "Enter" key to continue
完成安装
Step 6 of 6 | Complete -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Thank you for installing and for using Intel(R) MPI Library 5.1 Update 3 for Linux*. Support services start from the time you install or activate your product. If you have not already done so, please create your support account now to take full advantage of your product purchase. Your support account gives you access to free product updates and upgrades as well as interactive technical support at Intel(R) Premier Support. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Press "Enter" key to quit:
6. 允许节点自动 ssh 登陆
通过此步设置以满足后续 benchmark 测试程序可以在主节点上跨节点操作
sudo apt-get nmap sshpass
创建下述脚本 ./user_authentication.sh，并替换下述脚本中 chown azureuser:azureuser /home/azureuser/.ssh/config 的用户名和用户组为当前环境的用户名和用户组
#!/bin/bash # For CentOS user must first install epel-release, sshpass, and nmap (sshpass and nmap are available from epel-release for CentOS) # usage ./user_authentication.sh [username] [password] [internalIP prefix] # ./user_authentication.sh azureuser Azure@123 10.32.0 USER=$1 PASS=$2 IPPRE=$3 HEADNODE=`hostname` mkdir -p .ssh echo -e 'y ' | ssh-keygen -f .ssh/id_rsa -t rsa -N '' echo 'Host *' >> .ssh/config echo 'StrictHostKeyChecking no' >> .ssh/config chmod 400 .ssh/config chown azureuser:azureuser /home/azureuser/.ssh/config nmap -sn $IPPRE.* | grep $IPPRE. | awk '{print $5}' > nodeips.txt for NAME in `cat nodeips.txt`; do sshpass -p $PASS ssh -o ConnectTimeout=2 $USER@$NAME 'hostname' >> nodenames.txt;done NAMES=`cat nodenames.txt` #names from names.txt file for NAME in $NAMES; do sshpass -p $PASS scp -o "StrictHostKeyChecking no" -o ConnectTimeout=2 /home/$USER/nodenames.txt $USER@$NAME:/home/$USER/ sshpass -p $PASS ssh -o ConnectTimeout=2 $USER@$NAME "mkdir .ssh && chmod 700 .ssh" sshpass -p $PASS ssh -o ConnectTimeout=2 $USER@$NAME "echo -e 'y ' | ssh-keygen -f .ssh/id_rsa -t rsa -N ''" sshpass -p $PASS ssh -o ConnectTimeout=2 $USER@$NAME 'touch /home/'$USER'/.ssh/config' sshpass -p $PASS ssh -o ConnectTimeout=2 $USER@$NAME 'echo "Host *" > /home/'$USER'/.ssh/config' sshpass -p $PASS ssh -o ConnectTimeout=2 $USER@$NAME 'echo StrictHostKeyChecking no >> /home/'$USER'/.ssh/config' sshpass -p $PASS ssh -o ConnectTimeout=2 $USER@$NAME 'chmod 400 /home/'$USER'/.ssh/config' cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | sshpass -p $PASS ssh -o ConnectTimeout=2 $USER@$NAME 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys' sshpass -p $PASS scp -o "StrictHostKeyChecking no" -o ConnectTimeout=2 $USER@$NAME:/home/$USER/.ssh/id_rsa.pub .ssh/sub_node.pub for SUBNODE in `cat nodeips.txt`; do sshpass -p $PASS ssh -o ConnectTimeout=2 $USER@$SUBNODE 'mkdir -p .ssh' cat .ssh/sub_node.pub | sshpass -p $PASS ssh -o ConnectTimeout=2 $USER@$SUBNODE 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys' done sshpass -p $PASS ssh -o ConnectTimeout=2 $USER@$NAME 'chmod 700 .ssh/' sshpass -p $PASS ssh -o ConnectTimeout=2 $USER@$NAME 'chmod 640 .ssh/authorized_keys' done
查找当前虚拟主机所在子网，将主机位删除，保留子网字段
ifconfig eth0 | grep -w inet | awk '{print $2}'
执行 ./user_authentication.sh <myusername> <mypassword> 10.1.3， myusername 填入测试集群中 ssh 登陆的用户名，mypassword 填入测试集群中 ssh 登陆的密码， 后面填入测试集群所在子网
7. 验证配置完成
关联 mpi 程序
source /opt/intel/impi/5.1.3.223/bin64/mpivars.sh
将 vm1ipaddress 和 vm2ipaddress 地址替换为测试集群主机的 vnet 内的地址
mpirun -ppn 1 -n 2 -hosts <vm1ipaddress>,<vm2ipaddress> -env I_MPI_FABRICS=shm:dapl -env I_MPI_DAPL_PROVIDER=ofa-v2-ib0 -env I_MPI_DYNAMIC_CONNECTION=0 hostname
如果运行正常会分别在本机和远端主机上执行 hostname 命令，所以即打印出测试集群中主机的主机名称
8. 进行 Benchmark 测试
Intel 的 MPI 程序包中已经携带安装了 benchmark 工具，可以通过如下指令执行
mpirun -hosts <vm1ipaddress>,<vm2ipaddress> -ppn 1 -n 2 -env I_MPI_FABRICS=shm:dapl -env I_MPI_DAPL_PROVIDER=ofa-v2-ib0 -env I_MPI_DYN AMIC_CONNECTION=0 IMB-MPI1 pingpong
上述命令只是执行了 benchmark 中的 pingpong 测试，该测试可以给出延迟和带宽在 infiniband 网络上的表现，以下是测试环境中的实测结果。 结果中的延迟时间是一个 oneway 的测试延迟，从结果可见 oneway 延迟在 0 字节负载时 1.82 us，带宽最大可到 44Gbps。
MPI benchmark 包含很多其它的测试项目，关于 MPI benchmark 的更多详情可以参阅如下文档： https://software.intel.com/en-us/imb-user-guide-mpi-1-benchmarks
# PingPong #--------------------------------------------------- # Benchmarking PingPong # #processes = 2 #--------------------------------------------------- #bytes #repetitions t[usec] Mbytes/sec 0 1000 1.82 0.00 1 1000 1.85 0.52 2 1000 1.98 0.96 4 1000 1.84 2.08 8 1000 1.84 4.14 16 1000 1.84 8.29 32 1000 2.76 11.05 64 1000 2.77 22.05 128 1000 2.83 43.11 256 1000 2.99 81.60 512 1000 3.13 155.95 1024 1000 3.46 282.40 2048 1000 4.01 487.49 4096 1000 5.29 738.15 8192 1000 6.67 1171.02 16384 1000 8.97 1742.70 32768 1000 14.70 2125.27 65536 640 18.43 3391.43 131072 320 31.41 3980.12 262144 160 54.78 4563.61 524288 80 98.57 5072.55 1048576 40 185.34 5395.56 2097152 20 359.73 5559.79 4194304 10 715.24 5592.50 # All processes entering MPI_Finalize
这个延迟大概是什么量级呢，我们跟某厂家的 40G/100G 限速的以太网交换机比较一下
