1、安装websocket-client
pip install websocket-client
2、websocket服务端
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@author: wdj
@contact:wei7wei@126.com
@file: ws.py
@time: 2022/6/8 9:34
"""
# coding=utf-8
import socket
import time
import hashlib
import base64
import struct
from multiprocessing import Process
HTTP_RESPONSE = "HTTP/1.1 {code} {msg}\r\n" \
"Server:LyricTool\r\n" \
"Date:{date}\r\n" \
"Content-Length:{length}\r\n" \
"\r\n" \
"{content}\r\n"
STATUS_CODE = {200: 'OK', 501: 'Not Implemented'}
UPGRADE_WS = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n" \
"Connection: Upgrade\r\n" \
"Upgrade: websocket\r\n" \
"Sec-WebSocket-Accept: {}\r\n" \
"WebSocket-Protocol: chat\r\n\r\n"
def sec_key_gen(msg):
key = msg + '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11'
ser_key = hashlib.sha1(key.encode('utf-8')).digest()
return base64.b64encode(ser_key).decode()
class WebsocketServer:
def __init__(self, conn):
# 接受一个socket对象
self.conn = conn
self.state = 0
def open(self):
self._handshake()
if self.state == 1:
return self
else:
raise Exception('Handsake failed.')
def __enter__(self):
return self.open()
def getstate(self):
# 获取连接状态
state_map = {0: 'READY', 1: 'CONNECTION ESTABLISHED', 2: 'HANDSHAKED', 3: 'FAILED', -1: 'CLOSED'}
return self.state, state_map[self.state]
def _handshake(self):
raw_data = b''
while True:
fragment = self.conn.recv(1024)
raw_data += fragment
if len(fragment) < 1024:
break
data = raw_data.decode('utf-8')
header, content = data.split('\r\n\r\n', 1)
header = header.split('\r\n')
options = map(lambda i: i.split(': '), header[1:])
options_dict = {item[0]: item[1] for item in options}
date = time.strftime("%m,%d%Y", time.localtime())
if 'Sec-WebSocket-Key' not in options_dict:
self.conn.send(
bytes(HTTP_RESPONSE.format(code=501, msg=STATUS_CODE[501], date=date, length=len(date), content=date),
encoding='utf-8'))
self.conn.close()
self.state = 3
return True
else:
self.state = 2
self._build(options_dict['Sec-WebSocket-Key'])
return True
def _build(self, sec_key):
# 建立WebSocket连接
response = UPGRADE_WS.format(sec_key_gen(sec_key))
self.conn.send(bytes(response, encoding='utf-8'))
self.state = 1
return True
def _get_data(self, info, setcode):
payload_len = info[1] & 127
fin = 1 if info[0] & 128 == 128 else 0
opcode = info[0] & 15 # 提取opcode
# 提取载荷数据
if payload_len == 126:
# extend_payload_len = info[2:4]
mask = info[4:8]
decoded = info[8:]
elif payload_len == 127:
# extend_payload_len = info[2:10]
mask = info[10:14]
decoded = info[14:]
else:
# extend_payload_len = None
mask = info[2:6]
decoded = info[6:]
bytes_list = bytearray()
for i in range(len(decoded)):
chunk = decoded[i] ^ mask[i % 4]
bytes_list.append(chunk)
if opcode == 0x00:
opcode = setcode
if opcode == 0x01: # 文本帧
body = str(bytes_list, encoding='utf-8')
return fin, opcode, body
elif opcode == 0x08:
self.close()
raise IOError('Connection closed by Client.')
else: # 二进制帧或其他，原样返回
body = decoded
return fin, opcode, body
def recv(self):
msg = self.conn.recv()
print(msg)
# 处理切片
opcode = 0x00
# while True:
# raw_data = b''
# while True:
# section = self.conn.recv(1024)
# raw_data += section
# if len(section) < 1024:
# break
# fin, _opcode, fragment = self._get_data(raw_data, opcode)
# opcode = _opcode if _opcode != 0x00 else opcode
# msg += fragment
# if fin == 1: # 是否是最后一个分片
# break
return msg
def send(self, msg, fin=True):
# 发送数据
data = struct.pack('B', 129) if fin else struct.pack('B', 0)
msg_len = len(msg)
if msg_len <= 125:
data += struct.pack('B', msg_len)
elif msg_len <= (2**16 - 1):
data += struct.pack('!BH', 126, msg_len)
elif msg_len <= (2**64 - 1):
data += struct.pack('!BQ', 127, msg_len)
else:
# 分片传输超大内容（应该用不到）
while True:
fragment = msg[:(2**64 - 1)]
msg -= fragment
if msg > (2**64 - 1):
self.send(fragment, False)
else:
self.send(fragment)
data += bytes(msg, encoding='utf-8')
self.conn.send(data)
def ping(self):
ping_msg = 0b10001001
data = struct.pack('B', ping_msg)
data += struct.pack('B', 0)
while True:
self.conn.send(data)
data = self.conn.recv(1024)
pong = data[0] & 127
if pong != 9:
self.close()
raise IOError('Connection closed by Client.')
def close(self):
self.conn.close()
self.state = -1
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
if exc_type is IOError:
print(exc_val)
self.close()
def ws_handler(conn):
print("ws_handler")
with WebsocketServer(conn) as ws:
while True:
time.sleep(1)
# msg = ws.recv()
# if ws.state == -1:
# break
# print(msg)
ws.send("999999")
print("發送成功")
if __name__ == '__main__':
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
s.bind(('127.0.0.1',8087))
s.listen(1)
print('Server Started.')
while True:
con, addr = s.accept()
print("Accepted. {0}, {1}".format(con, str(addr)))
p = Process(target=ws_handler, args=(con,))
p.start()
3、websocket客户端
import json
import websocket # pip install websocket-client
CHANNELS_WS = [
# 这里输入需要订阅的频道
]
class Feed(object):
def __init__(self):
self.url = 'ws://127.0.0.1:8087' # 这里输入websocket的url
self.ws = None
def on_open(self, ws):
"""
Callback object which is called at opening websocket.
1 argument:
@ ws: the WebSocketApp object
"""
print('A new WebSocketApp is opened!')
# 开始订阅（举个例子）
sub_param = {"op": "subscribe", "args": CHANNELS_WS}
sub_str = json.dumps(sub_param)
ws.send(sub_str)
print("Following Channels are subscribed!")
print(CHANNELS_WS)
def on_data(self, ws, string, type, continue_flag):
"""
4 argument.
The 1st argument is this class object.
The 2nd argument is utf-8 string which we get from the server.
The 3rd argument is data type. ABNF.OPCODE_TEXT or ABNF.OPCODE_BINARY will be came.
The 4th argument is continue flag. If 0, the data continue
"""
def on_message(self, ws, message):
"""
Callback object which is called when received data.
2 arguments:
@ ws: the WebSocketApp object
@ message: utf-8 data received from the server
"""
# 对收到的message进行解析
# result = eval(message)
print("55555555555555")
print(message)
def on_error(self,ws, error):
global reconnect_count
reconnect_count = 0
print("-------出错了-----------------")
print(type(error))
print(error)
if type(error) == ConnectionRefusedError or type(
error) == websocket._exceptions.WebSocketConnectionClosedException:
print("正在尝试第%d次重连" % reconnect_count)
reconnect_count += 1
if reconnect_count < 100:
self.connection_tmp(ws)
else:
print("其他error!")
print("正在尝试第%d次重连" % reconnect_count)
reconnect_count += 1
if reconnect_count < 100:
self.connection_tmp(ws)
def on_close(self, ws, close_status_code, close_msg):
"""
Callback object which is called when the connection is closed.
2 arguments:
@ ws: the WebSocketApp object
@ close_status_code
@ close_msg
"""
print('The connection is closed!')
def start(self):
# websocket.enableTrace(True)
self.ws = websocket.WebSocketApp(
self.url,
on_open=self.on_open,
on_message=self.on_message,
on_data=self.on_data,
on_error=self.on_error,
on_close=self.on_close,
)
print(f"---------------{self.ws}-----")
self.ws.run_forever(ping_timeout=3)
def connection_tmp(self,ws):
print("进行了一次重连================")
# websocket.enableTrace(True)
ws = websocket.WebSocketApp("ws://127.0.0.1:8087",
on_message=self.on_message,
# on_data=on_data_test,
on_error=self.on_error,
on_close=self.on_close)
ws.on_open =self.on_open
try:
ws.run_forever()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
ws.close()
except:
ws.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
feed = Feed()
feed.start()
4、参数介绍
（1）url: websocket的地址。
（2）header: 客户发送websocket握手请求的请求头，{'head1:value1','head2:value2'}。
（3）on_open：在建立Websocket握手时调用的可调用对象，这个方法只有一个参数，就是该类本身。
（4）on_message：这个对象在接收到服务器返回的消息时调用。有两个参数，一个是该类本身，一个是我们从服务器获取的字符串（utf-8格式）。
（5）on_error：这个对象在遇到错误时调用，有两个参数，第一个是该类本身，第二个是异常对象。
（6）on_close：在遇到连接关闭的情况时调用，参数只有一个，就是该类本身。
（7）on_cont_message：这个对象在接收到连续帧数据时被调用，有三个参数，分别是：类本身，从服务器接受的字符串（utf-8），连续标志。
（8）on_data：当从服务器接收到消息时被调用，有四个参数，分别是：该类本身，接收到的字符串（utf-8），数据类型，连续标志。
（9）keep_running：一个二进制的标志位，如果为True，这个app的主循环将持续运行，默认值为True。
（10）get_mask_key：用于产生一个掩码。
（11）subprotocols：一组可用的子协议，默认为空。
长连接关键方法：ws.run_forever(ping_interval=60,ping_timeout=5)
如果不断开关闭websocket连接，会一直阻塞下去。另外这个函数带两个参数，如果传的话，启动心跳包发送。
ping_interval:自动发送“ping”命令，每个指定的时间(秒),如果设置为0，则不会自动发送。
ping_timeout:如果没有收到pong消息，则为超时(秒)。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45664055/article/details/120278303