背水一战 Windows 10 (7) - 控件 UI: VisualState, VisualStateManager, 控件的默认 UI
作者：webabcd
介绍
背水一战 Windows 10 之 控件 UI
- VisualState 和 VisualStateManager
- 控件的默认 Style, ControlTemplate, VisualState
示例
1、演示“VisualState 和 VisualStateManager”相关知识点
Controls/UI/VisualState/VisualStateDemo.xaml
<Page x:Class="Windows10.Controls.UI.VisualState.VisualStateDemo" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:Windows10.Controls.UI.VisualState" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent"> <Grid.Resources> <!-- 在 ControlTemplate 中定义 VisualState 和 VisualStateManager --> <ControlTemplate x:Key="ControlTemplate1" TargetType="Button"> <Grid> <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups> <!-- VisualStateGroup - 用于分组 VisualState --> <VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates"> <!-- Normal - 正常状态 注意： 1、本例所列出的 VisualState 的名称都是 Button 控件拥有的，不同的控件的 VisualState 名称和种类可能会不一样 2、写自定义控件时，需要通过 VisualStateManager.GoToState() 来转换 VisualState --> <VisualState x:Name="Normal" /> <!-- Disabled - 无效状态 --> <VisualState x:Name="Disabled" /> <!-- PointerOver - 鼠标经过时的状态（详细的过渡效果在后面的 VisualStateGroup.Transitions 中定义） --> <VisualState x:Name="PointerOver"> <Storyboard> <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="borderBrush" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" To="Green" /> </Storyboard> </VisualState> <!-- Pressed - 鼠标按下时的状态 --> <VisualState x:Name="Pressed"> <VisualState.Storyboard> <Storyboard> <ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Background" Storyboard.TargetName="grid"> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0:0:0.3" Value="{StaticResource ButtonPressedBackgroundThemeBrush}"/> </ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames> <ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Foreground" Storyboard.TargetName="contentPresenter"> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{StaticResource ButtonPressedForegroundThemeBrush}"/> </ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames> </Storyboard> </VisualState.Storyboard> <VisualState.Setters> <!-- 这部分是 uwp 新增的特性，以前只能通过 Storyboard 来实现 --> <Setter Target="grid.Width" Value="100" /> </VisualState.Setters> <VisualState.StateTriggers> <!-- 这部分是 uwp 新增的特性 关于 StateTriggers 请参见 /Controls/UI/VisualState/StateTrigger.xaml --> </VisualState.StateTriggers> </VisualState> <!-- VisualTransition - VisualState 变化时的过渡效果（要结合相应的 VisualState 中的 Storyboard 使用） From - 变化前的 VisualState 的 Name To - 变化后的 VisualState 的 Name GeneratedDuration - 一个状态变化到另一个状态的所需时间 GeneratedEasingFunction - 一个状态变化到另一个状态的缓动效果 --> <VisualStateGroup.Transitions> <VisualTransition To="PointerOver" GeneratedDuration="0:0:1"> <VisualTransition.GeneratedEasingFunction> <ElasticEase EasingMode="EaseInOut" /> </VisualTransition.GeneratedEasingFunction> </VisualTransition> </VisualStateGroup.Transitions> </VisualStateGroup> <VisualStateGroup x:Name="MyStates"> <VisualState x:Name="MyState1" /> <VisualState x:Name="MyState2"/> <VisualState x:Name="MyState3"/> </VisualStateGroup> </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups> <Border x:Name="border" BorderThickness="10"> <Border.BorderBrush> <SolidColorBrush x:Name="borderBrush" Color="Red" /> </Border.BorderBrush> <Grid Name="grid" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" Width="500" Height="200"> <ContentPresenter Name="contentPresenter" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center" FontSize="24.667" Foreground="{TemplateBinding Foreground}" /> </Grid> </Border> </Grid> </ControlTemplate> </Grid.Resources> <StackPanel Margin="10 0 10 10"> <TextBlock Name="lblMsg" TextWrapping="Wrap" Margin="5" /> <Button Name="btnDemo" Content="我是 Button（用于演示 VisualState 和 VisualStateManager）" Margin="5" Background="Blue" Foreground="White" Template="{StaticResource ControlTemplate1}" /> <Button Name="btnVisualStateManager" Content="将上面的按钮的 VisualState 转到 PointerOver" Click="btnVisualStateManager_Click" Margin="5" /> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Page>
Controls/UI/VisualState/VisualStateDemo.xaml.cs
/* * 演示“VisualState 和 VisualStateManager”相关知识点 */ using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; using Windows10.Common; namespace Windows10.Controls.UI.VisualState { public sealed partial class VisualStateDemo : Page { public VisualStateDemo() { this.InitializeComponent(); } private void btnVisualStateManager_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { /* * bool GoToState(Control control, string stateName, bool useTransitions) - 转换 VisualState * control - 需要转换 VisualState 的控件 * stateName - 目标 VisualState 的名称 * useTransitions - 是否使用 VisualTransition 进行过渡 */ // 将 VisualState 转到指定的状态（每个 VisualStateGroup 分别指定一个其内的 VisualState） VisualStateManager.GoToState(btnDemo, "PointerOver", true); VisualStateManager.GoToState(btnDemo, "MyState3", false); /* * VisualStateManager.GetVisualStateGroups(FrameworkElement obj) - 获取指定 FrameworkElement 中的 VisualStateGroup 集合 * 注：本例中的 VisualState 定义在 btnDemo 的控件模板中的第一个 Grid 中 * * VisualStateGroup - VisualState 组（每个 VisualStateManager 下可以有多个 VisualStateGroup） * Name - 获取此 VisualStateGroup 的名字 * CurrentState - 获取此 VisualStateGroup 的当前使用的 VisualState（每个 VisualStateGroup 正在使用的 VisualState 只能有一个） * States - 获取此 VisualStateGroup 中的 VisualState 集合 * Transitions - 获取此 VisualStateGroup 中的 VisualTransition 集合 * CurrentStateChanging, CurrentStateChanged - 此 VisualStateGroup 中的正在使用的 VisualState 发生变化时触发的事件 * * VisualState - VisualState * Name - 获取此 VisualState 的名字 * Setters - 获取此 VisualState 中的 Setter 集合 * StateTriggers - 获取此 VisualState 中的 StateTrigger 集合 * Storyboard - 获取此 VisualState 中的 Storyboard 对象 */ lblMsg.Text = ""; Grid grid = Helper.GetVisualChild<Grid>(btnDemo); IList<VisualStateGroup> visualStateGroups = VisualStateManager.GetVisualStateGroups(grid); foreach (VisualStateGroup visualStateGroup in visualStateGroups) { lblMsg.Text += visualStateGroup.Name + " " + visualStateGroup.CurrentState.Name; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } } } }
2、演示如何获取控件的默认 Style, ControlTemplate, VisualState
Controls/UI/DefaultUI.xaml
<Page x:Class="Windows10.Controls.UI.DefaultUI" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:Windows10.Controls.UI" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent"> <StackPanel Margin="10 0 10 10"> <TextBlock TextWrapping="Wrap" Margin="5"> <Run>如何获取控件的默认 Style, ControlTemplate, VisualState 呢？</Run> <LineBreak /> <Run>1、在 msdn 上找: https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/windows/apps/xaml/mt299122.aspx</Run> <LineBreak /> <Run>2、在 Visual Studio 的设计界面，右键选择控件，然后选择“编辑控件”或“编辑模板”或“编辑其他模板”，然后选择“编辑副本”</Run> <LineBreak /> <Run>3、打开这个 C:Program Files (x86)Windows Kits10DesignTimeCommonConfigurationNeutralUAP10.0.10586.0Genericgeneric.xaml 文件，然后在里面找</Run> </TextBlock> <TextBlock TextWrapping="Wrap" Margin="5"> <Run>如果遇到复杂的控件，如何确定我要编辑的其内部的控件的类型呢？</Run> <LineBreak /> <Run>运行你的程序，然后在“实时可视化树（Live Visual Tree）”中找</Run> </TextBlock> </StackPanel> </Grid> <Page.Resources> <!-- 这个就是 Button 的默认样式 --> <Style x:Key="ButtonStyle1" TargetType="Button"> <Setter Property="Background" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlBackgroundBaseLowBrush}"/> <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlForegroundBaseHighBrush}"/> <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlForegroundTransparentBrush}"/> <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="{ThemeResource ButtonBorderThemeThickness}"/> <Setter Property="Padding" Value="8,4,8,4"/> <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Left"/> <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center"/> <Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="{ThemeResource ContentControlThemeFontFamily}"/> <Setter Property="FontWeight" Value="Normal"/> <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="{ThemeResource ControlContentThemeFontSize}"/> <Setter Property="UseSystemFocusVisuals" Value="True"/> <Setter Property="Template"> <Setter.Value> <ControlTemplate TargetType="Button"> <Grid x:Name="RootGrid" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"> <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups> <VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates"> <VisualState x:Name="Normal"> <Storyboard> <PointerUpThemeAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="RootGrid"/> </Storyboard> </VisualState> <VisualState x:Name="PointerOver"> <Storyboard> <ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="BorderBrush" Storyboard.TargetName="ContentPresenter"> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlHighlightBaseMediumLowBrush}"/> </ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames> <ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Foreground" Storyboard.TargetName="ContentPresenter"> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlHighlightBaseHighBrush}"/> </ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames> <PointerUpThemeAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="RootGrid"/> </Storyboard> </VisualState> <VisualState x:Name="Pressed"> <Storyboard> <ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Background" Storyboard.TargetName="RootGrid"> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlBackgroundBaseMediumLowBrush}"/> </ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames> <ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="BorderBrush" Storyboard.TargetName="ContentPresenter"> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlHighlightTransparentBrush}"/> </ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames> <ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Foreground" Storyboard.TargetName="ContentPresenter"> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlHighlightBaseHighBrush}"/> </ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames> <PointerDownThemeAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="RootGrid"/> </Storyboard> </VisualState> <VisualState x:Name="Disabled"> <Storyboard> <ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Background" Storyboard.TargetName="RootGrid"> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlBackgroundBaseLowBrush}"/> </ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames> <ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Foreground" Storyboard.TargetName="ContentPresenter"> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlDisabledBaseMediumLowBrush}"/> </ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames> <ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="BorderBrush" Storyboard.TargetName="ContentPresenter"> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlDisabledTransparentBrush}"/> </ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames> </Storyboard> </VisualState> </VisualStateGroup> </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups> <ContentPresenter x:Name="ContentPresenter" AutomationProperties.AccessibilityView="Raw" BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" ContentTemplate="{TemplateBinding ContentTemplate}" ContentTransitions="{TemplateBinding ContentTransitions}" Content="{TemplateBinding Content}" HorizontalContentAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}" Padding="{TemplateBinding Padding}" VerticalContentAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}"/> </Grid> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> </Page.Resources> </Page>
OK
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