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化零为整WCF(13) - 并发控制(锁)(Mutex, Semaphore, Monitor, Lock, ThreadPool, Interlocked, ReaderWriterLock)
作者：webabcd
介绍
WCF(Windows Communication Foundation) - 并发控制：以ConcurrencyMode.Multiple并发模式及InstanceContextMode.Single实例模型为例（此时有并发问题），介绍如何做并发控制，即各种锁的使用（Mutex, Semaphore, Monitor, Lock, ThreadPool, Interlocked, ReaderWriterLock）
示例
1、服务
Enum.cs
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.ServiceModel;using System.Runtime.Serialization;namespace WCF.ServiceLib.ConcurrencyLock
{
/// <summary>
/// 锁 类型的枚举
/// </summary> [DataContract] public enum LockType { /// <summary> /// 不使用任何并发控制 /// </summary> [EnumMember] None, /// <summary> /// Mutex /// </summary> [EnumMember] Mutex, /// <summary> /// Semaphore /// </summary> [EnumMember] Semaphore, /// <summary> /// Monitor /// </summary> [EnumMember] Monitor, /// <summary> /// Lock /// </summary> [EnumMember] Lock }
}IHello.cs
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.ServiceModel;namespace WCF.ServiceLib.ConcurrencyLock{ /// <summary> /// 演示并发控制(锁)的接口 /// </summary> [ServiceContract] public interface IHello { /// <summary> /// 计数器 /// </summary> /// <param name="lockType">锁的类型</param> [OperationContract] void Counter(LockType lockType); /// <summary> /// 获取计数器被调用的结果 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> [OperationContract] string GetResult(); /// <summary> /// 清空计数器和结果 /// </summary> [OperationContract] void CleanResult(); }}Hello.cs
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.ServiceModel;namespace WCF.ServiceLib.ConcurrencyLock{ /// <summary> /// 演示并发控制(锁)的接口 /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// ServiceBehavior - 指定服务协定实现的内部执行行为 /// 实例模型：单例；并发模式：多线程 /// 会有并发问题，通过 锁 来解决 /// </remarks> [ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.Single, ConcurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.Multiple)] public class Hello : IHello { private int _counter; private string _result; private System.Threading.Mutex _mutex = new System.Threading.Mutex(); // 此构造函数初始化未命名的信号量。所有使用这类信号量的实例的线程都必须具有对该实例的引用。 // 如果 initialCount 小于 maximumCount，则效果与当前线程调用了 WaitOne（maximumCount 减去 initialCount）次相同。如果不想为创建信号量的线程保留任何入口，请对 maximumCount 和 initialCount 使用相同的数值。 private System.Threading.Semaphore _semaphore = new System.Threading.Semaphore(1, 1); private static readonly object objLock = new object(); /// <summary> /// 计数器 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public void Counter(LockType lockType) { switch (lockType) { case LockType.None: ExecuteNone(); break; case LockType.Mutex: ExecuteMutex(); break; case LockType.Semaphore: ExecuteSemaphore(); break; case LockType.Monitor: ExecuteMonitor(); break; case LockType.Lock: ExecuteLock(); break; } } /// <summary> /// 获取计数器被调用的结果 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public string GetResult() { return _result; } /// <summary> /// 清空计数器和结果 /// </summary> public void CleanResult() { _result = ""; _counter = 0; } /// <summary> /// 循环调用技术器，以模拟并发 /// 结果中，出现重复计数，则有并发问题，反之，则无并发问题 /// </summary> private void CircleCounter() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { var counter = _counter; // 停20毫秒，以模拟并发 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(20); _counter = ++counter; // 保存计数结果 _result += _counter + "|"; } } /// <summary> /// 不使用任何并发控制 /// </summary> private void ExecuteNone() { CircleCounter(); } /// <summary> /// Mutex的实现 /// </summary> private void ExecuteMutex() { try { _mutex.WaitOne(); CircleCounter(); } finally { _mutex.ReleaseMutex(); } } /// <summary> /// Semaphore的实现 /// </summary> private void ExecuteSemaphore() { try { _semaphore.WaitOne(); CircleCounter(); } finally { _semaphore.Release(); } } /// <summary> /// Monitor的实现 /// </summary> private void ExecuteMonitor() { try { System.Threading.Monitor.Enter(this); CircleCounter(); } finally { System.Threading.Monitor.Exit(this); } } /// <summary> /// Lock的实现 /// </summary> private void ExecuteLock() { try { lock (objLock) { CircleCounter(); } } finally { } } }}2、宿主
Hello.svc
<%@ ServiceHost Language="C#" Debug="true" Service="WCF.ServiceLib.ConcurrencyLock.Hello" %>Web.config
<?xml version="1.0"?><configuration> <system.serviceModel> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="ConcurrencyLockBehavior"> <!--httpGetEnabled - 指示是否发布服务元数据以便使用 HTTP/GET 请求进行检索，如果发布 WSDL，则为 true，否则为 false，默认值为 false--> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" /> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true"/> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <services> <!--name - 提供服务的类名--> <!--behaviorConfiguration - 指定相关的行为配置--> <service name="WCF.ServiceLib.ConcurrencyLock.Hello" behaviorConfiguration="ConcurrencyLockBehavior"> <!--address - 服务地址--> <!--binding - 通信方式--> <!--contract - 服务契约--> <endpoint address="" binding="basicHttpBinding" contract="WCF.ServiceLib.ConcurrencyLock.IHello" /> </service> </services> </system.serviceModel></configuration>3、客户端
Hello.aspx
<%@ Page Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Site.master" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Hello.aspx.cs" Inherits="ConcurrencyLock_Hello" Title="并发控制(锁)(Mutex, Semaphore, Monitor, Lock, ThreadPool, Interlocked, ReaderWriterLock)" %><asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="head" runat="Server"></asp:Content><asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="Server"> <p> <asp:Button ID="btnCleanResult" runat="server" Text="清空结果" OnClick="btnCleanResult_Click" /> <asp:Button ID="btnHelloNone" runat="server" Text="HelloNone" OnCommand="btn_Command" CommandName="None" /> <asp:Button ID="btnHelloMutex" runat="server" Text="HelloMutex" OnCommand="btn_Command" CommandName="Mutex" /> <asp:Button ID="btnHelloSemaphore" runat="server" Text="HelloSemaphore" OnCommand="btn_Command" CommandName="Semaphore" /> <asp:Button ID="btnHelloMonitor" runat="server" Text="HelloMonitor" OnCommand="btn_Command" CommandName="Monitor" /> <asp:Button ID="btnHelloLock" runat="server" Text="HelloLock" OnCommand="btn_Command" CommandName="Lock" /> <br /> <ul> <li>None：不使用并发控制（有并发问题，会出现重复的计数）</li> <li>其他：使用相关的并发控制（无并发问题，不会出现重复的计数）</li> </ul> </p> <div> <asp:TextBox ID="txtResult" runat="server" TextMode="MultiLine" Style=" 98%; height: 200px" /> </div> <div> <ul> <li>Mutex - 提供对资源的独占访问</li> <li>Semaphore - 限制可同时访问某一资源或资源池的线程数</li> <li>Monitor - 提供同步访问对象的机制</li> <li>Lock - 关键字将语句块标记为临界区，方法是获取给定对象的互斥锁，执行语句，然后释放该锁</li> <li>ThreadPool - 提供一个线程池，该线程池可用于发送工作项、处理异步 I/O、代表其他线程等待以及处理计时器</li> <li>Interlocked - 为多个线程共享的变量提供原子操作</li> <li>ReaderWriterLock - 定义支持单个写线程和多个读线程的锁</li> </ul> </div></asp:Content>Hello.aspx.cs
using System;using System.Collections;using System.Configuration;using System.Data;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Web.Security;using System.Web.UI;using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;using System.Web.UI.WebControls;using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;using System.Xml.Linq;using System.Threading;public partial class ConcurrencyLock_Hello : System.Web.UI.Page{ protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected void btn_Command(object sender, CommandEventArgs e) { // 线程1 var thread1 = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(Do)); thread1.Start(e.CommandName); // 线程2 var thread2 = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(Do)); thread2.Start(e.CommandName); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { Thread.Sleep(100); if (thread1.ThreadState == ThreadState.Stopped && thread2.ThreadState == ThreadState.Stopped) { // 返回服务端的技术器的调用结果 var proxy = new ConcurrencyLockSvc.HelloClient(); txtResult.Text = proxy.GetResult(); proxy.Close(); break; } } } private void Do(object commandName) { ConcurrencyLockSvc.LockType lockType = (ConcurrencyLockSvc.LockType)Enum.Parse(typeof(ConcurrencyLockSvc.LockType), (string)commandName); // 调用服务端技术器 using (var proxy = new ConcurrencyLockSvc.HelloClient()) { proxy.Counter(lockType); } } protected void btnCleanResult_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { // 清空计数器和结果 using (var proxy = new ConcurrencyLockSvc.HelloClient()) { proxy.CleanResult(); } txtResult.Text = ""; }}Web.config
<?xml version="1.0"?><configuration> <system.serviceModel> <client> <!--address - 服务地址--> <!--binding - 通信方式--> <!--contract - 服务契约--> <endpoint address="http://localhost:3502/ServiceHost/ConcurrencyLock/Hello.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding" contract="ConcurrencyLockSvc.IHello" /> </client> </system.serviceModel></configuration>运行结果：
单击"HelloNone"按钮：不使用并发控制（有并发问题，会出现重复的计数）
单击"HelloMutex", "HelloSemaphore", "HelloMonitor", "HelloLock"按钮：使用相应的并发控制（无并发问题，不会出现重复的计数）
OK
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