Maven 项目中的 pom.xml 文件内容说明

下面是一个比较全面的 POM 文件的结构，当然常用的并不需要这么多配置，视自己的项目需求而定。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0  
                      http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <!-- groupId:项目或者组织的唯一标志，并且配置时生成的路径也是由此生成， 如com.mycompany.app生成的相对路径为：/com/mycompany/app -->
    <groupId>asia.banseon</groupId>
    <!-- artifactId: 项目的通用名称 -->
    <artifactId>banseon-maven2</artifactId>
    <!-- packaging: 打包的机制，如pom, jar, maven-plugin, ejb, war, ear, rar, par -->
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <!-- version:项目的版本 -->
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <!--父项目 -->
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ylink</groupId>
        <artifactId>parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.3</version>
    </parent>

    <!-- 项目的名称， Maven产生的文档用 -->
    <name>banseon-maven</name>
    <!-- 从哪个网站可以找到这个项目,提示如果Maven资源列表没有，可以直接上该网站寻找，Maven产生的文档用 -->
    <url>http://www.baidu.com/banseon</url>
    <!-- 项目的描述, Maven 产生的文档用 -->
    <description>A maven project to study maven.</description>

    <!-- 开发者信息 -->
    <developers>
        <developer>
            <id>HELLO WORLD</id>
            <name>banseon</name>
            <email>banseon@126.com</email>
            <roles>
                <role>Project Manager</role>
                <role>Architect</role>
            </roles>
            <organization>demo</organization>
            <organizationUrl>http://hi.baidu.com/banseon</organizationUrl>
            <properties>
                <dept>No</dept>
            </properties>
            <timezone>-5</timezone>
        </developer>
    </developers>
    <!-- 类似 developers -->
    <contributors></contributors>
    <!-- 本项目相关 mail list，用于订阅等信息 -->
    <mailingLists>
        <mailingList>
            <name>Demo</name>
            <!-- Link mail -->
            <post>banseon@126.com</post>
            <!-- mail for subscribe the project -->
            <subscribe>banseon@126.com</subscribe>
            <!-- mail for unsubscribe the project -->
            <unsubscribe>banseon@126.com</unsubscribe>
            <archive>
           http:/hi.baidu.com/banseon/demo/dev/
           </archive>
        </mailingList>
    </mailingLists>
    <!-- 项目的问题管理系统(Bugzilla,Jira,Scarab,或任何你喜欢的问题管理系统)的名称和URL，本例为 jira -->
    <issueManagement>
        <system>jira</system>
        <url>http://jira.baidu.com/banseon</url>
    </issueManagement>
    <!-- organization information -->
    <organization>
        <name>demo</name>
        <url>http://www.baidu.com/banseon</url>
    </organization>
    <!-- License -->
    <licenses>
        <license>
            <name>Apache 2</name>
            <url>http://www.baidu.com/banseon/LICENSE-2.0.txt</url>
            <distribution>repo</distribution>
            <comments>A business-friendly OSS license</comments>
        </license>
    </licenses>

    <!-- scm(software configuration management)标签允许你配置你的代码库，为Maven web站点和其它插件使用。 
    如果你正在使用CVS或Subversion，source repository页面同样能给如何使用代码库的详细的、工具相关的指令。 下面是一个典型SCM的配置例子 -->
    <scm>
        <!-- 项目在 svn 上对应的资源 -->
        <connection>
           scm:svn:http://svn.baidu.com/banseon/maven/banseon/banseon-maven2-trunk(dao-trunk)
       </connection>
        <developerConnection>
           scm:svn:http://svn.baidu.com/banseon/maven/banseon/dao-trunk
       </developerConnection>
        <url>http://svn.baidu.com/banseon</url>
    </scm>
    <!-- 用于配置分发管理，配置相应的产品发布信息,主要用于发布，在执行mvn deploy后表示要发布的位置 -->
    <distributionManagement>
        <!-- 配置到文件系统 -->
        <repository>
            <id>banseon-maven2</id>
            <name>banseon maven2</name>
            <url>file://${basedir}/target/deploy</url>
        </repository>
        <!-- 使用ssh2配置 -->
        <snapshotRepository>
            <id>banseon-maven2</id>
            <name>Banseon-maven2 Snapshot Repository</name>
            <url>scp://svn.baidu.com/banseon:/usr/local/maven-snapshot</url>
        </snapshotRepository>
        <!-- 使用ssh2配置 -->
        <site>
            <id>banseon-site</id>
            <name>business api website</name>
            <url>
               scp://svn.baidu.com/banseon:/var/www/localhost/banseon-web
           </url>
        </site>
    </distributionManagement>

    <!-- 依赖关系 -->
    <dependencies>
        <!--项目的模块依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <!-- scope 说明 -compile ：默认范围，用于编译 -provided：类似于编译，但支持你期待jdk或者容器提供，类似于classpath 
                -runtime: 在执行时，需要使用 -test: 用于test任务时使用 -system: 需要外在提供相应的元素。通过systemPath来取得 
                -systemPath: 仅用于范围为system。提供相应的路径 -optional: 标注可选，当项目自身也是依赖时。用于连续依赖时使用 -->
            <scope>test</scope>
            <!-- <type>jar</type> <optional>true</optional> -->
        </dependency>

        <!--外在告诉maven你只包括指定的项目，不包括相关的依赖。此因素主要用于解决版本冲突问题 如下依赖表示 项目acegi-security依赖 
            org.springframework.XXX 项目，但我们不需要引用这些项目 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.acegisecurity</groupId>
            <artifactId>acegi-security</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.5</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>spring-support</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
                    <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>spring-remoting</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.1</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.1</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>postgresql</groupId>
            <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
            <version>8.2-504.jdbc4</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
            <artifactId>ojdbc6</artifactId>
            <version>11.1.0.6</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!--maven proxy, 本地仓库，替代 maven.apache.org 网站 jar 列表，用户下载时，首先寻找该站点 如资源找到，则下载。否则才去 
        jar 列表网站。对多人团队，可节省下载速度和个人存储空间。 -->
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>banseon-repository-proxy</id>
            <name>banseon-repository-proxy</name>
            <url>http://192.168.1.169:9999/repository/</url>
            <layout>default</layout>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    <!--插件库 -->
    <pluginRepositories>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>banseon-repository-proxy</id>
            <name>banseon-repository-proxy</name>
            <url>http://192.168.1.169:9999/repository/</url>
        </pluginRepository>
    </pluginRepositories>

    <!-- build配置 -->
    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <!-- 资源根目录排除各环境的配置，防止在生成目录中多余其它目录 -->
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>prod/*</exclude>
                    <exclude>dev/*</exclude>
                    <exclude>test/*</exclude>
                </excludes>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources/${profiles.active}</directory>
            </resource>
        </resources>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <packagingExcludes>WEB-INF/web.xml</packagingExcludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <encoding>utf8</encoding>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/com/**</include>
                    </includes>
                    <outputDirectory>target/${project.artifactId}-${project.version}/WEB-INF/lib</outputDirectory>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>prepare-package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>jar</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <port>8888</port>
                    <path>/</path>
                    <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
                    <server>tomcat7</server>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <!-- 资源目录配置，这里可以区分开发，测试，生产环境，只需要把相应的activeByDefault修改为true即可 -->
    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>dev</id>
            <properties>
                <profiles.active>dev</profiles.active>
            </properties>
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
            </activation>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <id>test</id>
            <properties>
                <profiles.active>test</profiles.active>
            </properties>
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault>
            </activation>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <id>prod</id>
            <properties>
                <profiles.active>prod</profiles.active>
            </properties>
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault>
            </activation>
        </profile>
    </profiles>
</project>

下面我贴一个常用的 POM 文件结构。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.test.mall</groupId>
    <artifactId>wb_test_service</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1</version>
    <name>jd_market_service Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.16</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
            <version>4.4.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
            <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
            <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.9</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>cglib</groupId>
            <artifactId>cglib-nodep</artifactId>
            <version>2.1_3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.inject</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId>
            <version>1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <!-- 资源根目录排除各环境的配置，防止在生成目录中多余其它目录 -->
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>prod/*</exclude>
                    <exclude>dev/*</exclude>
                    <exclude>test/*</exclude>
                </excludes>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources/${profiles.active}</directory>
            </resource>
        </resources>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <packagingExcludes>WEB-INF/web.xml</packagingExcludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <encoding>utf8</encoding>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/com/**</include>
                    </includes>
                    <outputDirectory>target/${project.artifactId}-${project.version}/WEB-INF/lib</outputDirectory>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>prepare-package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>jar</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <port>8888</port>
                    <path>/</path>
                    <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
                    <server>tomcat7</server>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>dev</id>
            <properties>
                <profiles.active>dev</profiles.active>
            </properties>
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
            </activation>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <id>test</id>
            <properties>
                <profiles.active>test</profiles.active>
            </properties>
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault>
            </activation>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <id>prod</id>
            <properties>
                <profiles.active>prod</profiles.active>
            </properties>
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault>
            </activation>
        </profile>
    </profiles>
</project>