• 在.NET使用JSON“.NET研究”作为数据交换格式 狼人:


      我们知道在.NET中我们有多种对象序列化的方式,如XML方式序列化、Binary序列化,其中XML序列化是一种比较通用的在各语言之间传递数据的方式。除了这两种序列化方式之外,在.NET中还可以使用JSON序列化。
      JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)是一种轻量级轻量级的数据交换格式,并且它独立于编程语言,与XML序列化相比,JSON序列化后产生的数据一般要比XML序列化后数据体积小,所以在Facebook等知名网站中都采用了JSON作为数据交换方式。在.NET中有三种常用的JSON序列化的类,分别是  System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer类、System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer类和Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类。
      为了便于下面的演示,下面提供一个类的代码:

    [DataContract]
    publicclass User
    {
    ///<summary>
    /// 编号
    ///</summary>
    [DataMember]
    publicint UserId { get; set; }
    ///<summary>
    /// 用户名
    ///</summary>
    [DataMember]
    publicstring UserName { get; set; }
    ///<summary>
    /// 创建时间
    ///</summary>
    [DataMember]
    [JsonConverter(
    typeof(IsoDateTimeConverter))]
    public DateTime CreateDate { get; set; }
    ///<summary>
    /// 生日
    ///</summary>
    [DataMember]
    [JsonConverter(
    typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))]
    public DateTime Birthday { get; set; }
    ///<summary>
    /// 相关URL
    ///</summary>
    [DataMember]
    public List<string> Urls { get; set; }
    ///<summary>
    /// 薪水
    ///</summary>
    //[ScriptIgnore]//使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段
    //[IgnoreDataMember]//使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段
    //[JsonIgnore]//使用JsonConvert序列化时不序列化此字段
    publicint Salary { get; set; }
    ///<summary>
    /// 权利级别
    ///</summary>
    [DataMember]
    public Priority Priority { get; set; }

    public User()
    {
    Urls
    =new List<string>();
    }
    }
    ///<summary>
    /// 权利级别
    ///</summary>
    publicenum Priority:byte
    {
    Lowest
    =0x1,
    BelowNormal
    =0x2,
    Normal
    =0x4,
    AboveNormal
    =0x8,
    Highest
    =0x16
    }

      使用System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer类
      System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer类是.NET类库中自带的一种JSON序列化实现,在.NET Framework3.5及以后版本中可以使用这个类,这个类位于System.Web.Extensions.dll中,使用这个类是必须添加对这个dll的引用。
      下面的代码是使用JavaScriptSerializer进行序列化和反序列化的例子:

    publicstaticvoid JavaScriptSerializerDemo()
    {
    User user
    =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="李刚", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30),Birthday=DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.Highest, Salary =500000 };
    //JavaScriptSerializer类在System.Web.Extensions.dll中,注意添加这个引用
    JavaScriptSerializer serializer =new JavaScriptSerializer();
    //JSON序列化
    string result=serializer.Serialize(user);
    Console.WriteLine(
    "使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length);
    //JSON反序列化
    user = serializer.Deserialize<User>(result);
    Console.WriteLine(
    "使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName: {1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);

    }

      说明:如果不想序列化某个字段,可以在字段前面加[JsonIgnore]标记。
      使用System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer类
      System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer类位于System.ServiceModel.Web.dll中,使用这个类时除了需要添加对System.ServiceModel.Web.dll的引用之外,还需要添加System.Runtime.Serialization.dll的引用,注意这个类也是在.NET Framework3.5及以后版本中可以使用。
      下面是使用DataContractJsonSerializer类的例子:

    publicstaticvoid DataContractJsonSerializerDemo()
    {
    User user
    =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="李刚", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.AboveNormal, Salary =50000 };
    string result =string.Empty;
    //DataContractJsonSerializer类在System.ServiceModel.Web.dll中,注意添加这个引用
    DataContractJsonSerializer serializer =new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(User));

    using (MemoryStream stream =new MemoryStream())
    {
    //JSON序列化
    serializer.WriteObject(stream, user);
    result
    = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray());
    Console.WriteLine(
    "使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length);
    }

    //JSON反序列化
    byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(result);
    using (MemoryStream stream =new MemoryStream(buffer))
    {
    user
    = serializer.ReadObject(stream) as User;
    Console.WriteLine(
    "使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId: {0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
    }
    }

      注意:要使用DataContractJsonSerializer类进行序列化和反序列化,必须给类加上[DataContract]属性,对要序列化的字段加上[DataMember]属性,如果不想序列化某个字段或者属性,可以加上[IgnoreDataMember]属性。
      使用Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类
      Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类是非微软提供的一个JSON序列化和反序列的开源免费的类库(下载网址是:http://www.codeplex.com/json/),它提供了更灵活的序列化和反序列化控制,并且如果你的开发环境使用的是.NET Framework3.5及以后版本的话,你就可以使用Linq to JSON,这样一来面对一大段的数据不必一一解析,你可以使用Linq to JSON解析出你关心的那部分即可,非常方便。
      下面是使用Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类的例子:

    publicstaticvoid JsonConvertDemo()
    {
    User user
    =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="李刚", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.BelowNormal, Salary =5000上海徐汇企业网站制作"color: #000000;"> };
    //JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用
    //JSON序列化
    string result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);
    Console.WriteLine(
    "使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length);
    //JSON反序列化
    user = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<User>(result);
    Console.WriteLine(
    "使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName: {1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
    }

    publicstaticvoid JsonConvertLinqDemo()
    {
    User user
    =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="周公", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-8), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-32), Priority = Priority.Lowest, Salary =500, Urls =new List<string> { "http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com", "http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn" } };
    //JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用
    //JSON序列化
    string result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);
    Console.WriteLine(
    "使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length);
    //使用Linq to JSON
    JObject jobject = JObject.Parse(result);
    JToken token
    = jobject["Urls"];
    List
    <string> urlList =new List<string>();
    foreach (JToken t in token)
    {
    urlList.Add(t.ToString());
    }
    Console.Write(
    "使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:[");
    for (int i =0; i < urlList.Count -1;i++ )
    {
    Console.Write(urlList[i]
    +",");
    }
    Console.WriteLine(urlList[urlList.Count
    -1] +"]");
    }

      注意:如果有不需要序列化的字段,可以给该字段添加[JsonIgnore]标记。在Newtonsoft这个类库中对于日期的序列化有多种方式,可以类的DataTime成员添加上对应的标记,这样在进行序列化和反序列化时就会按照指定的方式进行,在本例中User类的CreateDate属性添加的属性是[JsonConverter(typeof(IsoDateTimeConverter))],而Birthday属性添加的属性是[JsonConverter(typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))],从序列化的结果可以看出来它们最终的表现形式并不一样。
      本文中所有的示例代码如下:

    1. using System;
    2. using System.Collections.Generic;
    3. using System.Linq;
    4. using System.Text;
    5. using System.Web.Script.Serialization;
    6. using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;
    7. using System.IO;
    8. using System.Runtime.Serialization;
    9. using Newtonsoft.Json;
    10. using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
    11. using Newtonsoft.Json.Converters;
    12.
    13. namespace JSONDemo
    14. {
    15. class Program
    16. {
    17. staticvoid Main(string[] args)
    18. {
    19. JavaScriptSerializerDemo();
    20. DataContractJsonSerializerDemo();
    21. JsonConvertDemo();
    22. JsonConvertLinqDemo();
    23. Console.ReadLine();
    24. }
    25.
    26. publicstaticvoid JavaScriptSerializerDemo()
    27. {
    28. User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="李刚", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30),Birthday=DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.Highest, Salary =500000 };
    29. //JavaScriptSerializer类在System.Web.Extensions.dll中,注意添加这个引用
    30. JavaScriptSerializer serializer =new JavaScriptSerializer();
    31. //JSON序列化
    32. string result=serializer.Serialize(user);
    33. Console.WriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length);
    34. //JSON反序列化
    35. user = serializer.Deserialize<User>(result);
    36. Console.WriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
    37.
    38. }
    39.
    40. publicstaticvoid DataContractJsonSerializerDemo()
    41. {
    42. User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="李刚", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.AboveNormal, Salary =50000 };
    43. string result =string.Empty;
    44. //DataContractJsonSerializer类在System.ServiceModel.Web.dll中,注意添加这个引用
    45. DataContractJsonSerializer serializer =new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(User));
    46.
    47. using (MemoryStream stream =new MemoryStream())
    48. {
    49. //JSON序列化
    50. serializer.WriteObject(stream, user);
    51. result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray());
    52. Console.WriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length);
    53. }
    54.
    55. //JSON反序列化
    56. byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(result);
    57. using (MemoryStream stream =new MemoryStream(buffer))
    58. {
    59. user = serializer.ReadObject(stream) as User;
    60. Console.WriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
    61. }
    62. }
    63.
    64. publicstaticvoid JsonConvertDemo()
    65. {
    66. User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="李刚", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-50), Priority = Priority.BelowNormal, Salary =5000 };
    67. //JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用
    68. //JSON序列化
    69. string result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);
    70. Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length);
    71. //JSON反序列化
    72. user = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<User>(result);
    73. Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
    74. }
    75.
    76. publicstaticvoid JsonConvertLinqDemo()
    77. {
    78. User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="周公", CreateDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-8), Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-32), Priority = Priority.Lowest, Salary =500, Urls =new List<string> { "http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com", "http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn" } };
    79. //JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http://www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用
    80. //JSON序列化
    81. string result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);
    82. Console.WriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, result.Length);
    83. //使用Linq to JSON
    84. JObject jobject = JObject.Parse(result);
    85. JToken token = jobject["Urls"];
    86. List<string> urlList =new List<string>();
    87. foreach (JToken t in token)
    88. {
    89. urlList.Add(t.ToString());
    90. }
    91. Console.Write("使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:[");
    92. for (int i =0; i < urlList.Count -1;i++ )
    93. {
    94. Console.Write(urlList[i] +",");
    95. }
    96. Console.WriteLine(urlList[urlList.Count -1] +"]");
    97. }
    98. }
    99.
    100. [DataContract]
    101. publicclass User
    102. {
    103. ///<summary>
    104. /// 编号
    105. ///</summary>
    106. [DataMember]
    107. publicint UserId { get; set; }
    108. ///<summary>
    109. /// 用户名
    110. ///</summary>
    111. [DataMember]
    112. publicstring UserName { get; set; }
    113. ///<summary>
    114. /// 创建时间
    115. ///</summary>
    116. [DataMember]
    117. [JsonConverter(typeof(IsoDateTimeConverter))]
    118. public DateTime CreateDate { get; set; }
    119. ///<summary>
    120. /// 生日
    121. ///</summary>
    122. [DataMember]
    123. [JsonConverter(typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))]
    124. public DateTime Birthday { get; set; }
    125. ///<summary>
    126. /// 相关URL
    127. ///</summary>
    128. [DataMember]
    129. public List<string> Urls { get; set; }
    130. ///<summary>
    131. /// 薪水
    132. ///</summary>
    133. [ScriptIgnore]//使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段
    134. [IgnoreDataMember]//使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段
    135. [JsonIgnore]//使用JsonConvert序列化时不序列化此字段
    136. publicint Salary { get; set; }
    137. ///<summary>
    138. /// 权利级别
    139. ///</summary>
    140. [DataMember]
    141. public Priority Priority { get; set; }
    142.
    143. public User()
    144. {
    145. Urls =new List<上海闵行企业网站设计与制作yle="color: #0000ff;">string>();
    146. }
    147. }
    148. ///<summary>
    149. /// 权利级别
    150. ///</summary>
    151. publicenum Priority:byte
    152. {
    153. Lowest=0x1,
    154. BelowNormal=0x2,
    155. Normal=0x4,
    156. AboveNormal=0x8,
    157. Highest=0x16
    158. }
    159. }

      程序的运行结果如下:

    1. 使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"李刚","CreateDate":"\/Date(353521211984)\/","Birthday":"\/Date(-277630788015)\/","Urls":[],"Priority":22},长度:127  
    2. 使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-15 16:20:11,Priority:Highest  
    3. 使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{"Birthday":"\/Date(-277630787953+0800)\/","CreateDate":"\/Date(353521212046+0800)\/","Priority":8,"Urls":[],"UserId":1,"UserName":"李刚"},长度:136  
    4. 使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-16 0:20:12,Priority:AboveNormal  
    5. 使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"李刚","CreateDate":"1981-03-16T00:20:12.1875+08:00","Birthday":new Date(-277630787812),"Urls":[],"Priority":2},长度:132  
    6. 使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-16 0:20:12,Priority:BelowNormal  
    7. 使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"周公","CreateDate":"2003-03-16T00:20:12.40625+08:00","Birthday":new Date(290362812406),"Urls":["http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com","http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn"],"Priority":1},长度:198  
    8. 使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:["http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com","http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn"] 

      总结:通过上面的例子大家可以看出Newtonsoft类库提供的JSON序列化和反序列的方式更加灵活,在实际开发中周公也一直使用Newtonsoft作为JSON序列化和反序列化的不二选择。

    声明:此博有部分内容为转载,版权归原作者所有~
  • 相关阅读:
    四、MYSQL的数据类型
    一、InnoDB引擎
    Spring源码分析(一)
    ActiveMQ 的安装与使用(springboot版本)
    12、JAVA内存模型与线程
    9、虚拟机字节码执行引擎
    8、类加载机制
    7、Class文件的格式
    6、使用jconsole+VisualVM分析JVM
    5、JVM的监控与分析工具
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/waw/p/2218092.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知