LINQ-进行数据转换

一、将多个输入联接到一个输出序列中

可以使用 LINQ 查询创建包含元素的输出序列，这些元素来自多个输入序列。 以下示例演示如何组合两个内存中数据结构，但相同的原则可应用于组合来自 XML 或 SQL 或数据集源的数据。 假设以下两种类类型：

class Student
{
    public string First { get; set; }
    public string Last {get; set;}
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public string Street { get; set; }
    public string City { get; set; }
    public List<int> Scores;
}

class Teacher
{
    public string First { get; set; }
    public string Last { get; set; }
    public int ID { get; set; } 
    public string City { get; set; }
}

以下示例演示了查询：

class DataTransformations
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // Create the first data source.
        List<Student> students = new List<Student>()
        {
            new Student { First="Svetlana",
                Last="Omelchenko",
                ID=111,
                Street="123 Main Street",
                City="Seattle",
                Scores= new List<int> { 97, 92, 81, 60 } },
            new Student { First="Claire",
                Last="O’Donnell",
                ID=112,
                Street="124 Main Street",
                City="Redmond",
                Scores= new List<int> { 75, 84, 91, 39 } },
            new Student { First="Sven",
                Last="Mortensen",
                ID=113,
                Street="125 Main Street",
                City="Lake City",
                Scores= new List<int> { 88, 94, 65, 91 } },
        };

        // Create the second data source.
        List<Teacher> teachers = new List<Teacher>()
        {                
            new Teacher { First="Ann", Last="Beebe", ID=945, City="Seattle" },
            new Teacher { First="Alex", Last="Robinson", ID=956, City="Redmond" },
            new Teacher { First="Michiyo", Last="Sato", ID=972, City="Tacoma" }
        };
        
        // Create the query.
        var peopleInSeattle = (from student in students
                    where student.City == "Seattle"
                    select student.Last)
                    .Concat(from teacher in teachers
                            where teacher.City == "Seattle"
                            select teacher.Last);

        Console.WriteLine("The following students and teachers live in Seattle:");
        // Execute the query.
        foreach (var person in peopleInSeattle)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(person);
        }
        
        Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}
/* Output:
    The following students and teachers live in Seattle:
    Omelchenko
    Beebe
 */

二、将内存中对象转换为 XML

LINQ 查询可以方便地在内存中数据结构、SQL 数据库、ADO.NET 数据集和 XML 流或文档之间转换数据。 以下示例将内存中数据结构中的对象转换为 XML 元素。

class XMLTransform
{
    static void Main()
    {            
        // Create the data source by using a collection initializer.
        // The Student class was defined previously in this topic.
        List<Student> students = new List<Student>()
        {
            new Student {First="Svetlana", Last="Omelchenko", ID=111, Scores = new List<int>{97, 92, 81, 60}},
            new Student {First="Claire", Last="O’Donnell", ID=112, Scores = new List<int>{75, 84, 91, 39}},
            new Student {First="Sven", Last="Mortensen", ID=113, Scores = new List<int>{88, 94, 65, 91}},
        };

        // Create the query.
        var studentsToXML = new XElement("Root",
            from student in students
            let scores = string.Join(",", student.Scores)
            select new XElement("student",
                       new XElement("First", student.First),
                       new XElement("Last", student.Last),
                       new XElement("Scores", scores)
                    ) // end "student"
                ); // end "Root"

        // Execute the query.
        Console.WriteLine(studentsToXML);

        // Keep the console open in debug mode.
        Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}

此代码生成以下 XML 输出：

<Root>  
  <student>  
    <First>Svetlana</First>  
    <Last>Omelchenko</Last>  
    <Scores>97,92,81,60</Scores>  
  </student>  
  <student>  
    <First>Claire</First>  
    <Last>O'Donnell</Last>  
    <Scores>75,84,91,39</Scores>  
  </student>  
  <student>  
    <First>Sven</First>  
    <Last>Mortensen</Last>  
    <Scores>88,94,65,91</Scores>  
  </student>  
</Root>