Oracle 10gR2 Dataguard搭建(非duplicate方式)

我的实验环境：
源生产库(主库)：
IP地址：192.168.1.30
Oracle 10.2.0.5 单实例

新DG库（备库）：
IP地址：192.168.1.31
Oracle 10.2.0.5 单实例

• 1.源生产库开启归档
• 2.rman备份源生产库
• 3.修改源生产库参数
• 4.配置tnsnames.ora
• 5.同步密码文件
• 6.配置pfile文件
• 7.创建备库控制文件
• 8.还原备库
• 9.开启日志应用
• 10.switchover测试
• 11.创建还原点，激活备库测试
• 12.failover测试

1.源生产库开启归档

部署Dataguard环境，要求主库必须开启归档模式；如果没有开启，需要先申请停机开启归档。

shutdown immediate
startup mount
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
archive log list;

注意：归档日志存放位置，并制定归档日志删除策略；

归档日志删除举例(删除7天前归档)：

vi delarch.sql
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt archivelog all completed before "sysdate-7";

vi delarch.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Oracle ENV (you may need to change it.)
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=ora10
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
rman target / @/home/oracle/rman/delarch.sql log=/home/oracle/rman/delarch.log 

如果之前主库开启了归档，且有合理的备份策略；则实际上很可能不需要此步骤单独清除归档。

2.rman备份源生产库

将主库rman全备，视具体情况选择是否压缩备份集，我这里空间有限选择压缩备份集。

备份脚本：

[oracle@oradb30 rman]$ cat backup.sql 
run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
allocate channel d2 type disk;
backup as compressed backupset database format '/orabak/rman/data_%d_%T_%s.bak' plus archivelog format '/orabak/rman/log_%d_%T_%s.bak';
release channel d1;
release channel d2;
}

[oracle@oradb30 rman]$ cat backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=ora10
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
rman target / @backup.sql log backup.log

执行备份：
[oracle@oradb30 rman]$ nohup sh backup.sh &

[oracle@oradb30 rman]$ tail -200f backup.log 

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Wed Jan 4 21:47:23 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORA10 (DBID=914008358)

RMAN> run {
2> allocate channel d1 type disk;
3> allocate channel d2 type disk;
4> backup as compressed backupset database format '/orabak/rman/data_%d_%T_%s.bak' plus archivelog format '/orabak/rman/log_%d_%T_%s.bak';
5> release channel d1;
6> release channel d2;
7> }
8> 
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: d1
channel d1: sid=143 devtype=DISK

allocated channel: d2
channel d2: sid=142 devtype=DISK


Starting backup at 04-JAN-17
current log archived
channel d1: starting compressed archive log backupset
channel d1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set
input archive log thread=1 sequence=46 recid=45 stamp=932415090
input archive log thread=1 sequence=47 recid=46 stamp=932420845
channel d1: starting piece 1 at 04-JAN-17
channel d2: starting compressed archive log backupset
channel d2: specifying archive log(s) in backup set
input archive log thread=1 sequence=43 recid=42 stamp=932414314
input archive log thread=1 sequence=44 recid=43 stamp=932414362
input archive log thread=1 sequence=45 recid=44 stamp=932415036
channel d2: starting piece 1 at 04-JAN-17
channel d1: finished piece 1 at 04-JAN-17
piece handle=/orabak/rman/log_ORA10_20170104_102.bak tag=TAG20170104T214725 comment=NONE
channel d1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel d2: finished piece 1 at 04-JAN-17
piece handle=/orabak/rman/log_ORA10_20170104_103.bak tag=TAG20170104T214725 comment=NONE
channel d2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished backup at 04-JAN-17

Starting backup at 04-JAN-17
channel d1: starting compressed full datafile backupset
channel d1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/oradata/ora10/ORA10/datafile/o1_mf_system_d5tw48bw_.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/oradata/ora10/ORA10/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_d5tw48d8_.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/oradata/ora10/ORA10/datafile/o1_mf_users_d5tw48dg_.dbf
channel d1: starting piece 1 at 04-JAN-17
channel d2: starting compressed full datafile backupset
channel d2: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00003 name=/oradata/ora10/ORA10/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_d5tw48c3_.dbf
input datafile fno=00007 name=/oradata/ora10/ORA10/datafile/o1_mf_forhapoc_d5x5bm2b_.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=/oradata/ora10/ORA10/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_d_ji_d5x45hbj_.dbf
input datafile fno=00006 name=/oradata/ora10/ORA10/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_i_ji_d5x45jd9_.dbf
channel d2: starting piece 1 at 04-JAN-17
channel d2: finished piece 1 at 04-JAN-17
piece handle=/orabak/rman/data_ORA10_20170104_105.bak tag=TAG20170104T214728 comment=NONE
channel d2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel d1: finished piece 1 at 04-JAN-17
piece handle=/orabak/rman/data_ORA10_20170104_104.bak tag=TAG20170104T214728 comment=NONE
channel d1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:42
Finished backup at 04-JAN-17

Starting backup at 04-JAN-17
current log archived
channel d1: starting compressed archive log backupset
channel d1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set
input archive log thread=1 sequence=48 recid=47 stamp=932420890
channel d1: starting piece 1 at 04-JAN-17
channel d1: finished piece 1 at 04-JAN-17
piece handle=/orabak/rman/log_ORA10_20170104_106.bak tag=TAG20170104T214810 comment=NONE
channel d1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished backup at 04-JAN-17

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 04-JAN-17
piece handle=/orabak/rman/20170104/controlfilec-914008358-20170104-06 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 04-JAN-17

released channel: d1

released channel: d2

Recovery Manager complete.


[1]+  Done                    nohup sh backup.sh
[oracle@oradb30 rman]$ 

备份完成后,将备份集拷贝到备机。

3.修改源生产库参数

查看主库文件(数据文件、临时文件、重做日志文件)存放目录：

select name from v$datafile union all
select name from v$tempfile union all
select member from v$logfile;

修改源生产库参数：

--设置convert参数（我这里源端和目标端都设置了db_create_file_dest，没有设置这两个参数）
alter system set log_file_name_convert='','' scope=spfile;
alter system set db_file_name_convert='','' scope=spfile;
--设置数据库为force logging
alter database force logging;
--设置db_unique_name, log_archive_config(这里主库的db_unique_name，出于对现有的生产环境最小影响考虑没有改)
alter system set db_unique_name='ora10' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(ora10,ora10dg)'; 
--归档日志目录
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/orabak/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ora10';
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=ora10dg ASYNC LGWR VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ora10dg';
--归档日志文件命名规则
alter system set log_archive_format='arch_%r_%t_%s.arc' scope=spfile;
--DG的fal_server和fal_client
alter system set fal_server='ora10dg';
alter system set fal_client='ora10';
--设置standby_file_management为自动
alter system set standby_file_management=AUTO; 
--设置备库日志文件组，数量一般为目标库日志文件组+1
alter database add standby logfile group 11 size 52428800; 
alter database add standby logfile group 12 size 52428800; 
alter database add standby logfile group 13 size 52428800; 
alter database add standby logfile group 14 size 52428800; 

4.配置tnsnames.ora

Dataguard环境，log_archive_config的配置，就是用到tnsnames.ora配置文件中的别名。

--配置tnsnames.ora
在主库所有节点上的tnsnames.ora添加相应的连接串，并传给备库。
---主库tnsnames.ora添加
vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

ORA10 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.30)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = ora10)
    )
  )

ORA10DG =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.31)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = ora10dg)
    )
  )  

将tnsnames.ora上传到备库，如果之前tnsnames有其他内容，可以选择添加内容，只要最终保证主备库可以互相访问即可。

5.同步密码文件

--密码文件从主库拷贝到备库
[oracle@oradb30 dbs]$ scp orapwora10 192.168.1.31:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/
oracle@192.168.1.31's password: 
orapwora10                                                                                                                                                  100% 1536     1.5KB/s   00:00    
[oracle@oradb30 dbs]$ 

6.配置pfile文件

Dataguard环境下，需要将主库的参数文件传到备库，进行修改，尤其注意路径在备库都存在且有相应权限。

--创建pfile文件

从主库的spfile中导出pfile文件，上传到备库，并做适当的修改调整。
--在主库上创建pfile文件，并上传到备库
create pfile='/tmp/init.ora' from spfile;

SQL> create pfile='/tmp/init.ora' from spfile;

File created.

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@oradb30 dbs]$ scp /tmp/init.ora 192.168.1.31:/tmp/
reverse mapping checking getaddrinfo for bogon failed - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!
oracle@192.168.1.31's password: 
init.ora                                                                                                                                                    100% 1430     1.4KB/s   00:00    
[oracle@oradb30 dbs]$ 

--备库最终pfile参数文件
[oracle@oradb31 admin]$ vi /tmp/init.ora

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/ora10/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/ora10/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.5.0'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/ora10/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='/oradata'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='ora10'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/orabak/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.db_unique_name='ora10dg'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ora10XDB)'
*.fal_client='ora10dg'
*.fal_server='ora10'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(ora10dg,ora10)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/orabak/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ora10dg'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=ora10 ASYNC LGWR VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ora10'
*.log_archive_format='arch_%r_%t_%s.arc'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=96468992
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=290455552
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/ora10/udump'

启动备库到nomount状态：

SQL> startup nomount pfile='/tmp/init.ora';
ORA-01261: Parameter db_recovery_file_dest destination string cannot be translated
ORA-01262: Stat failed on a file destination directory
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
SQL> exit
Disconnected
[oracle@oradb31 admin]$ mkdir -p /orabak/flash_recovery_area
[oracle@oradb31 admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Wed Jan 4 23:24:25 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL>  startup nomount pfile='/tmp/init.ora';
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  293601280 bytes
Fixed Size                  2095768 bytes
Variable Size             146802024 bytes
Database Buffers          138412032 bytes
Redo Buffers                6291456 bytes
SQL> exit

7.创建备库控制文件

Dataguard环境下，需要在主库创建备库的控制文件并传输到备库。

--创建控制文件
主库执行，创建备库控制文件

alter database create standby controlfile as '/tmp/control01.ctlbak';

[oracle@oradb30 dbs]$ scp /tmp/control01.ctlbak 192.168.1.31:/tmp/
reverse mapping checking getaddrinfo for bogon failed - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!
oracle@192.168.1.31's password: 
control01.ctlbak                                                                                                                                            100% 6928KB   6.8MB/s   00:00    

8.还原备库

8.1 在备库上启动数据库到nomount状态

#创建SPFILE
SQL>create SPFILE from pfile='/tmp/init.ora';

#启动到nomount状态
startup nomount

8.2 启动数据库到mount状态

restore standby controlfile from '/tmp/control01.ctlbak';
alter database mount;

可能需要手工注册备份集；
crosscheck backupset;
catalog start with '/orabak/rman/';

8.3 还原备份

vi /home/oracle/scripts/restore.sh

rman target / <<EOF! > ora10_restore.log
run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
allocate channel d2 type disk;
restore database;
release channel d1;
release channel d2;
}
exit;
EOF!

nohup sh restore.sh &

vi /home/oracle/scripts/recover.sh

rman target / <<EOF! > ora10_recover.log
run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
allocate channel d2 type disk;
recover database;
release channel d1;
release channel d2;
}
exit;
EOF!

nohup sh recover.sh &

9.开启日志应用

备库开启日志应用

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

10. switchover测试

switchover,主备角色互换。
注意，主机的crontab 定时任务确认也正确迁移。

--源生产库：
SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;

--备库（switchover为新生产库）：
SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

--返回源生产库执行（switchover为新备库）：
shutdown immediate
startup mount
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT;

如果发现备库没有实时恢复，重置链路的状态再次切换日志试试：

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=defer;
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;

11. 创建还原点，激活备库测试

11.1 创建restore point

1) 在备库上设置flashback区域及大小

SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/orabak/flash_recovery_area';
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=1000g;
SQL> select current_scn||'' from v$database;

2) Standby库取消redo日志应用并创建一个数据库闪回点

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
--这里注意下，如果你的备库环境是RAC，需要关闭其他节点，然后才可以创建restore point：
SQL> drop restore point before_application_test;
SQL> CREATE RESTORE POINT before_application_test GUARANTEE FLASHBACK DATABASE;
Restore point created.

11.2 激活备库

1) 停止主库的日志传到备库

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=defer;

2) 激活备库

SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes = 0 scope=both sid='*';
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ACTIVATE STANDBY DATABASE;
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup

3) 检查dblinks
select * from dba_db_links;
如果有dblink需要删除或其他方式禁用；

4）通知新的应用IP，开始测试应用工作

注意：为了预防测试过程中有job或者dblink修改了其他数据库信息，一般要修改job_queue_processes参数，删除dblink。
--参数
alter system set job_queue_processes = 0 scope=both sid='';
--dblinks
select from dba_db_links;

11.3 闪回恢复备库

1) 恢复备库

SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> FLASHBACK DATABASE TO RESTORE POINT before_application_test;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CONVERT TO PHYSICAL STANDBY;
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;
恢复参数job_queue_processes设置值：
alter system set job_queue_processes = 10 scope=both sid='*';
恢复参数db_recovery_file_dest_size设置值：
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=2g;

2) 恢复日志传输
恢复主库的日志传到备库

ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=enable;

12. failover测试

failover，源生产库不再可用，备库强制激活为主库；

#取消DG应用
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
#重启下数据库（建议）
shutdown immediate;
startup
#操作不可逆，确定实际情况需要failover
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE FINISH force;
SELECT OPEN_MODE, DATABASE_ROLE, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, FORCE_LOGGING, DATAGUARD_BROKER, GUARD_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE; 
#尝试常规切换为主库
ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;
如果这一步的常规切换失败，提示需要介质恢复，那么：
 1）恢复备库 recover standby database until cancel;
 2）激活备库 alter database activate standby database;
#最后重新启动数据库
shutdown immediate;
startup

failover之后，即便原主库恢复也要重新搭建DG了。