在处理字符串的程序当中，经常会分析字符串，从一大长串的字符串截取我们需要的数据，这如果通过自己手写函数来分析，虽然可以，但当你知道sscanf的功能，那就自己写函数分析就显得多此一举。
这些函数的使用都很简单，总结一下，等下次使用一目了然。俗话说：好记性不如烂笔头，记录下来就是效率。
1 /***************************************************** 2 ** Name : sscanf.c 3 ** Author : gzshun 4 ** Version : 1.0 5 ** Date : 2011-12 6 ** Description : sscanf function 7 ******************************************************/ 8 #include <stdio.h> 9 #include <stdlib.h> 10 #include <string.h> 11 12 static void sscanf_test(void); 13 14 static void sscanf_test(void) 15 { 16 int ret; 17 char *string; 18 int digit; 19 char buf1[255]; 20 char buf2[255]; 21 char buf3[255]; 22 char buf4[255]; 23 24 /*1.最简单的用法*/ 25 string = "china beijing 123"; 26 ret = sscanf(string, "%s %s %d", buf1, buf2, &digit); 27 printf("1.string=%s ", string); 28 printf("1.ret=%d, buf1=%s, buf2=%s, digit=%d ", ret, buf1, buf2, digit); 29 /* 30 **执行结果: 31 **1.ret=3, buf1=china, buf2=beijing, digit=123 32 **可以看出,sscanf的返回值是读取的参数个数 33 */ 34 35 /*2.取指定长度的字符串*/ 36 string = "123456789"; 37 sscanf(string, "%5s", buf1); 38 printf("2.string=%s ", string); 39 printf("2.buf1=%s ", buf1); 40 /* 41 **执行结果: 42 **2.buf1=12345 43 */ 44 45 /*3.取到指定字符为止的字符串*/ 46 string = "123/456"; 47 sscanf(string, "%[^/]", buf1); 48 printf("3.string=%s ", string); 49 printf("3.buf1=%s ", buf1); 50 /* 51 **执行结果: 52 **3.buf1=123 53 */ 54 55 /*4.取到指定字符集为止的字符串*/ 56 string = "123abcABC"; 57 sscanf(string, "%[^A-Z]", buf1); 58 printf("4.string=%s ", string); 59 printf("4.buf1=%s ", buf1); 60 /* 61 **执行结果: 62 **4.buf1=123abc 63 */ 64 65 /*5.取仅包含指定字符集的字符串*/ 66 string = "0123abcABC"; 67 sscanf(string, "%[0-9]%[a-z]%[A-Z]", buf1, buf2, buf3); 68 printf("5.string=%s ", string); 69 printf("5.buf1=%s, buf2=%s, buf3=%s ", buf1, buf2, buf3); 70 /* 71 **执行结果: 72 **5.buf1=123, buf2=abc, buf3=ABC 73 */ 74 75 /*6.获取指定字符中间的字符串*/ 76 string = "ios<android>wp7"; 77 sscanf(string, "%*[^<]<%[^>]", buf1); 78 printf("6.string=%s ", string); 79 printf("6.buf1=%s ", buf1); 80 /* 81 **执行结果: 82 **6.buf1=android 83 */ 84 85 /*7.指定要跳过的字符串*/ 86 string = "iosVSandroid"; 87 sscanf(string, "%[a-z]VS%[a-z]", buf1, buf2); 88 printf("7.string=%s ", string); 89 printf("7.buf1=%s, buf2=%s ", buf1, buf2); 90 /* 91 **执行结果: 92 **7.buf1=ios, buf2=android 93 */ 94 95 /*8.分割以某字符隔开的字符串*/ 96 string = "android-iphone-wp7"; 97 /* 98 **字符串取道'-'为止,后面还需要跟着分隔符'-', 99 **起到过滤作用,有点类似于第7点 100 */ 101 sscanf(string, "%[^-]-%[^-]-%[^-]", buf1, buf2, buf3); 102 printf("8.string=%s ", string); 103 printf("8.buf1=%s, buf2=%s, buf3=%s ", buf1, buf2, buf3); 104 /* 105 **执行结果: 106 **8.buf1=android, buf2=iphone, buf3=wp7 107 */ 108 109 /*9.提取邮箱地址*/ 110 string = "Email:beijing@sina.com.cn"; 111 sscanf(string, "%[^:]:%[^@]@%[^.].%s", buf1, buf2, buf3, buf4); 112 printf("9.string=%s ", string); 113 printf("9.buf1=%s, buf2=%s, buf3=%s, buf4=%s ", buf1, buf2, buf3, buf4); 114 /* 115 **执行结果: 116 **9.buf1=Email, buf2=beijing, buf3=sina, buf4=com.cn 117 */ 118 119 /*10.过滤掉不想截取或不需要的字符串--补充, 120 **在%号后面加一*号,代表过滤这个字符串,不读取 121 */ 122 string = "android iphone wp7"; 123 sscanf(string, "%s %*s %s", buf1, buf2); 124 printf("10.string=%s ", string); 125 printf("10.buf1=%s, buf2=%s ", buf1, buf2); 126 /* 127 **执行结果: 128 **10.android wp7 129 */ 130 } 131 132 int main(int argc, char **argv) 133 { 134 sscanf_test(); 135 136 return 0; 137 } 138 139 /* 140 **测试程序 141 **环境: 142 **Linux ubuntu 2.6.32-24-generic-pae #39-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jul 28 07:39:26 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux 143 **gcc version 4.4.3 (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5) 144 ** 145 gzshun@ubuntu:~/c/sscanf$ gcc sscanf.c -o sscanf 146 gzshun@ubuntu:~/c/sscanf$ ./sscanf 147 1.string=china beijing 123 148 1.ret=3, buf1=china, buf2=beijing, digit=123 149 2.string=123456789 150 2.buf1=12345 151 3.string=123/456 152 3.buf1=123 153 4.string=123abcABC 154 4.buf1=123abc 155 5.string=0123abcABC 156 5.buf1=0123, buf2=abc, buf3=ABC 157 6.string=ios<android>wp7 158 6.buf1=android 159 7.string=iosVSandroid 160 7.buf1=ios, buf2=android 161 8.string=android-iphone-wp7 162 8.buf1=android, buf2=iphone, buf3=wp7 163 9.string=Email:beijing@sina.com.cn 164 9.buf1=Email, buf2=beijing, buf3=sina, buf4=com.cn 165 10.string=android iphone wp7 166 10.buf1=android, buf2=wp7 167 */