1. Entity Framework的详细介绍:
Entity Framework简称EF,与Asp.net关系与Ado.net关系。
Entity Framework是ado.net中的一组支持开发面向数据的软件应用程序的技术,是微软的一个ORM框架。
ORM:object relation mapping 是基于关系型数据库的数据储备,实现一个模拟的面向对象的数据访问接口,理想情况下,基于这样一个面向对象的接口,持久化一个oo对象应该不需要了解任何关系型数据库存储数据的实现细节。
类似的轻量级的orm框架,dapper,patapoct
1. lambda表达式:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { //定义一个委托 public delegate int AddSum(int a,int b); class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Program p = new Program(); // AddSum addSum = new AddSum(p.Add); // AddSum addSum = delegate(int a, int b) { return a + b; }; //AddSum addSum = (int a, int b) => { return a + b; }; //简化之后的lambda表达式 AddSum addSum = ( a, b) => { return a + b; }; int sum = addSum(5, 3); Console.WriteLine(sum); Console.ReadKey(); } //public int Add(int a, int b) //{ // return a + b; //} } }
一、第一种使用EF的方法:先有数据库再建立数据模型
1. 在项目中右击新建,新建一个ADO.net实体数据模型,选择从数据库生成,这种是先有数据库再建立数据模型的方式。然后依次点击下一步便可,完成以后切记点击ctrl+s保存。不然是不会生成数据模型对应的类。
2. 注意:对应的数据库表必须有主键,不然在使用时会报错。
3. 生成之后的结构如下。
4.使用EF进行相关的增删改查代码如下:
新建的web窗体页面,分别放四个button按钮便可。
1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Web; 5 using System.Web.UI; 6 using System.Web.UI.WebControls; 7 8 namespace WebApplication2 9 { 10 public partial class WebForm1 : System.Web.UI.Page 11 { 12 protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) 13 { 14 15 } 16 /// <summary> 17 /// 插入数据 18 /// </summary> 19 /// <param name="sender"></param> 20 /// <param name="e"></param> 21 protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 22 { 23 UserInfo UserInfo = new UserInfo(); 24 UserInfo.UserName = "张五呀"; 25 UserInfo.UserPass = "123qwe"; 26 UserInfo.RegTime = 2; 27 UserInfo.Email = "wangjin"; 28 AdwResourcesEntities1 db = new AdwResourcesEntities1(); 29 //将数据添加到EF中,并且添加了标记,并且类似于生成了一条insert语句,但是这时候还没有执行该语句 30 db.UserInfo.Add(UserInfo); 31 //之后执行该代码时,才会执行insert语句,并且返回受影响行数 32 db.SaveChanges(); 33 //返回刚刚插入的主键ID 34 Response.Write(UserInfo.ID); 35 } 36 /// <summary> 37 /// 查询数据 38 /// </summary> 39 /// <param name="sender"></param> 40 /// <param name="e"></param> 41 protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 42 { 43 AdwResourcesEntities1 db = new AdwResourcesEntities1(); 44 var userinfolist = from u in db.UserInfo //linq表达式 45 where u.ID == 65 46 select u; 47 //EF的延迟加载机制,只有数据在使用的时候才会去数据库中查询,不用的时候不查询。 48 //只有执行下面的代码的时候才会去执行,这样可以提高整体的性能 49 foreach (var userinfo in userinfolist) 50 { 51 Response.Write(userinfo.ID); 52 } 53 //FirstOrDefault 查询第一条数据或者查询默认值 54 //userinfolist.FirstOrDefault(); 55 } 56 /// <summary> 57 /// 删除数据 58 /// </summary> 59 /// <param name="sender"></param> 60 /// <param name="e"></param> 61 protected void Button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 62 { 63 AdwResourcesEntities1 db = new AdwResourcesEntities1(); 64 var userinfolist = from u in db.UserInfo 65 where u.ID == 66 66 select u; 67 //返回第一条数据,如果没有就放回null 68 UserInfo userinfo = userinfolist.FirstOrDefault(); 69 if (userinfo != null) 70 { 71 db.UserInfo.Remove(userinfo); 72 db.SaveChanges(); 73 Response.Write("删除成功"); 74 } 75 else 76 { 77 Response.Write("数据有误"); 78 } 79 80 ////执行删除的第二种方法 81 //UserInfo userInfo = new UserInfo() {ID=344}; 82 db.Entry<UserInfo>(userinfo).State = System.Data.Entity.EntityState.Deleted; 83 //db.SaveChanges(); 84 } 85 86 /// <summary> 87 /// 修改数据 88 /// </summary> 89 /// <param name="sender"></param> 90 /// <param name="e"></param> 91 protected void Button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 92 { 93 //构建一个 94 AdwResourcesEntities1 db = new AdwResourcesEntities1(); 95 var userinfolist = from u in db.UserInfo 96 where u.ID == 65 97 select u; 98 UserInfo userinfo = userinfolist.FirstOrDefault(); 99 userinfo.UserPass = "qweqwe"; 100 db.Entry<UserInfo>(userinfo).State = System.Data.Entity.EntityState.Modified; 101 db.SaveChanges(); 102 Response.Write("修改成功"); 103 } 104 } 105 }
二、第二种ModelFirst模式使用EF的方法,先建立数据模型,再生成数据库对应的表。
1. 先在数据库中新建一个数据库。
2. 在项目中右击新建项目,选择数据源,点击空模型。
3. 在生成的空白界面中,右击新增实体,新增之后再新增标量属性,如果是多表,并且有关联的表,右击新增关联,再右击根据数据模型生成数据库。
4. 点击如下文件,需要点击执行才会生成数据库。
5. 使用第二种进行增删改查的相关代码如下:
1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Web; 5 using System.Web.UI; 6 using System.Web.UI.WebControls; 7 8 namespace WebApplication1 9 { 10 public partial class WebForm2 : System.Web.UI.Page 11 { 12 protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) 13 { 14 15 } 16 /// <summary> 17 /// 插入数据 18 /// </summary> 19 /// <param name="sender"></param> 20 /// <param name="e"></param> 21 protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 22 { 23 Model2Container db = new Model2Container(); 24 Customer customer = new Customer() {CustomerName="zhangsan",CustomerPwd="123", SubTime=DateTime.Now }; 25 // Customer = customer导航属性,代表下面的数据属于上面的值 26 OrderInfo orderInfo1 = new OrderInfo() { ID = Guid.NewGuid(), OrderNum = "10001", CreateDateTime = DateTime.Now,Customer=customer }; 27 OrderInfo orderInfo2 = new OrderInfo() { ID = Guid.NewGuid(), OrderNum = "10002", CreateDateTime = DateTime.Now, Customer = customer }; 28 db.Customer.Add(customer); 29 db.OrderInfo.Add(orderInfo1); 30 db.OrderInfo.Add(orderInfo2); 31 db.SaveChanges();//默认的已经开启了事务。 工作单元模式。(UnitOfwork) 32 } 33 /// <summary> 34 /// 查询数据 35 /// </summary> 36 /// <param name="sender"></param> 37 /// <param name="e"></param> 38 protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 39 { 40 Model2Container db = new Model2Container(); 41 var customerList = from c in db.Customer 42 select c; 43 foreach (var customer in customerList) 44 { 45 Response.Write(customer.CustomerName+":"); 46 47 48 foreach (var orderInfo in customer.OrderInfo)//延迟加载。 49 { 50 Response.Write(orderInfo.OrderNum); 51 } 52 } 53 } 54 /// <summary> 55 /// 根据名字id查询所有的订单 56 /// </summary> 57 /// <param name="sender"></param> 58 /// <param name="e"></param> 59 protected void Button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 60 { 61 Model2Container db = new Model2Container(); 62 //var customerInfoList = from c in db.Customer 63 // where c.ID == 1 64 // select c; 65 //var customerInfo = customerInfoList.FirstOrDefault(); 66 //foreach (var orderInfo in customerInfo.OrderInfo) 67 //{ 68 // Response.Write(orderInfo.OrderNum); 69 //} 70 71 var orderInfoList = from o in db.OrderInfo 72 where o.CustomerID == 1 73 select o; 74 foreach (var orderInfo in orderInfoList) 75 { 76 Response.Write(orderInfo.OrderNum); 77 } 78 79 } 80 /// <summary> 81 /// 输出10001对应的客户ID 82 /// </summary> 83 /// <param name="sender"></param> 84 /// <param name="e"></param> 85 protected void Button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 86 { 87 Model2Container db = new Model2Container(); 88 var orderInfoList = from o in db.OrderInfo 89 where o.OrderNum == "10001" 90 select o; 91 var orderInfo = orderInfoList.FirstOrDefault(); 92 Customer customer = orderInfo.Customer; 93 Response.Write(customer.CustomerName); 94 } 95 /// <summary> 96 /// 根据人员ID删除对应数据 97 /// </summary> 98 /// <param name="sender"></param> 99 /// <param name="e"></param> 100 protected void Button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 101 { 102 Model2Container db = new Model2Container(); 103 //var customer = (from c in db.Customer 104 // where c.ID == 1 105 // select c).FirstOrDefault(); 106 //var orderInfoList = customer.OrderInfo; 107 //while (orderInfoList.Count > 0) 108 //{ 109 // var orderInfo = orderInfoList.FirstOrDefault(); 110 // db.Entry<OrderInfo>(orderInfo).State = System.Data.EntityState.Deleted; 111 //} 112 //db.SaveChanges(); 113 114 var orderList = from o in db.OrderInfo 115 where o.CustomerID == 2 116 select o; 117 118 } 119 120 } 121 }
三、第三种codeFirst模式,该模式是指不建立数据模型,并且不建立建立数据库的情况下,通过代码的形式去新建一个数据库。
1. :创建实体类,并且给实体加上特性标签,并且标注一下实体类之间的关系。
1.1创建classInfo(班级)实体类
1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; 4 using System.Linq; 5 using System.Text; 6 using System.Threading.Tasks; 7 8 namespace CodeFirstDemo 9 { 10 public class ClassInfo 11 { 12 [Key] //特性标签 13 public int Id { get; set; } 14 [StringLength(32)] //指定是字符串类型 15 [Required] //必填项 16 public string ClassName { get; set; } 17 [Required] 18 public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; } 19 //表示1对多,指一个班级对应多个学生 20 public virtual ICollection<StudentInfo> StudentInfo { get; set; } 21 } 22 }
1.2 :创建学生实体类
1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; 4 using System.Linq; 5 using System.Text; 6 using System.Threading.Tasks; 7 8 namespace CodeFirstDemo 9 { 10 public class StudentInfo 11 { 12 [Key] 13 public int Id { get; set; } 14 [StringLength(32)] 15 [Required] 16 public string StuName { get; set; } 17 [Required] 18 public DateTime SubTime { get; set; } 19 public virtual ClassInfo ClassInfo { get; set; } //表明外键关系,多对1 20 } 21 }
1.3. 引用Entity
方法1,点击引用,system.data.Entity
方法2. 新建一个数据模型,之后删掉,此时已经自动引用了entity
1.4 :创建codefirstdbcontext:dbcontext文件
1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Data.Entity; 4 using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration.Conventions; 5 using System.Linq; 6 using System.Text; 7 using System.Threading.Tasks; 8 9 namespace CodeFirstDemo 10 { 11 public class CodeFirstDbContext:DbContext 12 { 13 public CodeFirstDbContext() 14 : base("name=connStr") //对应连接数据库字符串的名字 15 { 16 17 } 18 protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder) 19 { 20 //此代码的功能是移除复数的约定 就是指生成的表名后面不加S 21 modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove<PluralizingTableNameConvention>(); 22 } 23 //对应的表 24 public DbSet<ClassInfo> ClassInfo { get; set; } 25 public DbSet<StudentInfo> StudentInfo { get; set; } 26 } 27 }
1.5 :在配置文件构建数据库链接字符串。
1 <configSections> 2 <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=5.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" /> 3 </configSections>
1.6:查询部分数据以及实例创建代码
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; namespace WebApplication1 { public partial class WebForm3 : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } /// <summary> /// 只查询其中几列数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //使用HttpContext,只要持续调用,就一直都不会中断 EFFristModelEntities db = null; if (HttpContext.Current.Items["db"] == null) { db = new EFFristModelEntities(); HttpContext.Current.Items["db"] = db; } else { db = HttpContext.Current.Items["db"] as EFFristModelEntities; } var userInfoList = from u in db.UserInfo where u.ID == 343 select new{UName=u.UserName,UPwd=u.UserPass}; //新建一个匿名类查询 foreach (var userInfo in userInfoList) { Response.Write(userInfo.UName+":"+userInfo.UPwd); } } /// <summary> /// 匿名函数来查询 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Func<UserInfo, bool> whereLambda = u => { return u.ID == 343; }; EFFristModelEntities db = new EFFristModelEntities(); //var userInfoList = db.UserInfo.Where<UserInfo>(u=>u.ID==3); //select * from UserInfo where id=343 //升序排序 //var userInfoList = db.UserInfo.Where<UserInfo>(U => true).OrderBy<UserInfo, int>(u => u.ID); //降序排序 //var userInfoList = db.UserInfo.Where<UserInfo>(U => true).OrderByDescending(u => u.ID); int pageIndex = 2; int pageSize = 2; var userInfoList = (from u in db.UserInfo where u.ID > 0 orderby u.RegTime ascending, u.ID descending select u).Skip<UserInfo>((pageIndex - 1) * pageSize).Take<UserInfo>(pageSize); // var userInfoList = db.UserInfo.Where<UserInfo>(U => true).OrderByDescending(u => u.UserPass).ThenByDescending<UserInfo, int>(u => u.ID);//Skip:表示跳过多少条记录, Take取多少条记录 foreach (var userInfo in userInfoList) { Response.Write(userInfo.UserName + "<br/>"); } } protected void Button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string str ="ttttt"; Response.Write (str.MyStr()); } protected void Button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { EFFristModelEntities db = new EFFristModelEntities(); var userInfoList = db.UserInfo.Where<UserInfo>(u => u.ID >0); int i = 0; int count = userInfoList.Count(); Response.Write(count); } } }
以上就是EF创建和操作的详细介绍,欢迎评论和留言