散列函数直接用key%size的形式,size为散列表的大小。
冲突处理采用平方探测法,为保证可以探测到整个散列表空间,散列表大小设置为4k+3形式的素数。
当散列表中的元素过多时会造成性能下降,这时应该倍增散列表的大小,重新计算原来散列表中每个元素在新的散列表中的位置。
散列表的实现
<span style="font-size:18px;">// HashTable.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。 // #include "stdafx.h" #include<iostream> using namespace std; enum state{ empty, deleted, busy, }; template<typename T> struct HashNode { T key; state sta; HashNode() { sta = empty; } }; const int prime_size = 5; const static int prime[prime_size] //素数表,形式为4k+3,保证可以探测到整个散列表空间 ={ 31, 59, 127, 263, 547 }; template<typename T> class HashTable { private: HashNode<T>*hashtable; double alpha;//当前散列表的充满程度 int size;//当前散列表的大小 int current_busy; double max_alpha; int hash_func(T key) { return key%size; } int find_next_prime() { for (int i = 0; i < prime_size; i++) { if (prime[i]>size) return prime[i]; } return size; } void reHash()//alpha>max_alpha时调整散列表大小 { int newsize = find_next_prime(); if (newsize == size) return; HashNode<T>*newhashtable = new HashNode<T>[newsize]; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { if (hashtable[i].sta == busy) { newhashtable[hashtable[i].key % newsize].key = hashtable[i].key; newhashtable[hashtable[i].key % newsize].sta = busy; } } delete[]hashtable; hashtable = newhashtable; size = newsize; alpha =get_alpha(); } public: HashTable() { max_alpha = 0.80; size = prime[0]; alpha = 0; hashtable = new HashNode<T>[size]; } bool insert(T key) { int count = 0; while (true) { int index = (key + count*count) % size; if (hashtable[index].sta != busy) { hashtable[index].sta = busy; hashtable[index].key = key; current_busy++; alpha = get_alpha(); if (alpha > max_alpha) reHash(); return true; } if (hashtable[index].sta == busy&&hashtable[index].key == key) { cout<<"HashTable中已经有"<<key<<endl; return false; } index = (key - count*count) % size; while (index < 0) { index += size; } if (hashtable[index].sta != busy) { hashtable[index].sta = busy; hashtable[index].key = key; current_busy++; alpha = get_alpha(); if (alpha > max_alpha) reHash(); return true; } if (hashtable[index].sta == busy&&hashtable[index].key == key) { cout << "HashTable中已经有" << key << endl; return false; } count++; } } int find(T key) { int count = 0; while (true) { int index = (key + count*count) % size; if (hashtable[index].sta != busy) { return -1; } if (hashtable[index].key== key) { return index; } index = (key - count*count) % size; while (index < 0) { index += size; } if (hashtable[index].sta != busy) { return -1; } if (hashtable[index].key == key) { return index; } count++; if (count > size / 2 + 1) return -1; } } bool erase(T key) { int index = find(key); if (index >= 0) { hashtable[index].sta = deleted; current_busy--; alpha = get_alpha(); return true; } return false; } double get_alpha() { return double(current_busy) / double(size); } ~HashTable() { delete[]hashtable; } }; int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { HashTable<int>aa; aa.insert(1); aa.insert(2); aa.insert(11); aa.insert(3); aa.insert(5); aa.insert(36); aa.insert(5); cout << aa.find(36) << endl; aa.erase(5) ; //cout << -7 % 4 << endl; system("pause"); return 0; } </span>
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