• C#学习笔记(十六):索引器和重载运算符


    二维数组如何映射到一维数组

    重载运算符
    1、算术运算符
    2、关系运算符, < 和 > 成对重载

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    namespace m1w4d2_indexes
    {
        #region 索引器-李索
        //索引器可以让我们通过不同的索引号返回对应类型的多个属性
        //索引器适用于除自动属性以外的所有属性特性
        //索引号可以是任意类型
        //索引器在通过类对象来访问和赋值 变量(类对象)[索引号]
        //访问修饰 返回类型 this[索引号,索引号,索引号,索引号......]
        //{ get {return} set {value} }
        //用索引器访问一个怪物类中的不同字段
        class Monster
        {
            public Monster(int attack, int defend, int health, int speed, string name)
            {
                this.attack = attack;
                this.defend = defend;
                this.health = health;
                this.speed = speed;
                this.name = name;
            }
            int attack;
            int defend;
            int health;
            int speed;
            string name;
            //public string this[int indexa, int indexb]
            //{
            //    get { return ""; }
            //    set { }
            //}
            public string this[int index]
            {
                get
                {
                    string str = "";
                    switch (index)
                    {
                        case 0: str = attack.ToString(); break;
                        case 1: str = defend.ToString(); break;
                        case 2: str = health.ToString(); break;
                        case 3: str = speed.ToString(); break;
                        case 4: str = name; break;
                    }
                    return str;
                }
                set
                {
                    switch (index)
                    {
                        case 0: attack = int.Parse(value); break;
                        case 1: defend = int.Parse(value); break;
                        case 2: health = int.Parse(value); break;
                        case 3: speed = int.Parse(value); break;
                        case 4: name = value; break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion
        #region 多维度的索引号
        //索引号可以任意维度
        //用一个MyArray类去模拟一个二维数组
        class MyArray
        {
            public MyArray(int x, int y)
            {
                //这个放元素的一维数组多长
                //array = new int[10];
                array = new int[x * y];//一维数组的长度
                Length = new int[2];
                Length[0] = x;
                Length[1] = y;
            }
            int[] Length;
            int[] array;
            public int GetLength(int index)
            {
                if (index > Length.Length)
                {
                    throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();//抛异常
                }
                return Length[index];
            }
            public int this[int x, int y]
            {
                get
                {
                    //我给你一个二维的下标,你如何映射到一维数组上
                    return array[x + y * GetLength(0)];
                }
                set
                {
                    array[x + y * GetLength(0)] = value;
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion
        #region 索引器-沈军
        class Unity1803
        {
            // C# 单例模式   (单独的实例)
            private static Unity1803 instance = null;
            public static Unity1803 Instance
            {
                get
                {
                    if (instance == null) instance = new Unity1803();
                    return instance;
                }
            }
            //静态构造函数什么时候调用
            //当我们访问静态成员的时候,先调用且只调用一次
            //当我们创建对象的时候,先调用且只调用一次
            //可以对静态字段做初始化使用的,静态的成员才会加载到内存中
            //static Unity1803()//静态构造函数,不能有访问修饰符和参数
            //{
            //    Console.WriteLine("调用静态构造函数");
            //}
            public int Count { private set; get; }    //
            Student[] students = new Student[37];   // null
            private Unity1803()
            {
                students[0] = new Student("蔡浩", 18, 90);
                Count++;
                students[1] = new Student("江灿荣", 20, 50);
                Count++;
                students[2] = new Student("贺益民", 18, 70);
                Count++;
            }
            public Student this[int index]
            {
                get
                {
                    return students[index];
                }
                set
                {
                    if (students[index] == null) Count++;
                    students[index] = value;
                }
            }
            public Student this[string name]
            {
                get
                {
                    for (int i = 0; i < Count; i++)
                    {
                        if (students[i].Name == name)
                        {
                            return students[i];
                        }
                    }
                    return null;
                }
                set
                {
                    students[Count] = new Student(name, 20, 80);
                }
            }
        }
        class Student
        {
            public string Name { get; set; }
            public int Age { get; set; }
            public int CSharpScore { get; set; }
            public Student(string name, int age, int score)
            {
                this.Name = name;
                this.Age = age;
                this.CSharpScore = score;
            }
            public override string ToString()
            {
                return "Name:" + Name + ", Age :" + Age + ", Score :" + CSharpScore;
            }
            public static bool operator >(Student lfs, int score)
            {
                return lfs.CSharpScore > score;
            }
            public static bool operator <(Student lfs, int score)
            {
                return lfs.CSharpScore < score;
            }
            public static bool operator true(Student s)
            {
                return s.CSharpScore >= 60;
            }
            public static bool operator false(Student s)
            {
                return s.CSharpScore < 60;
            }
            // 隐式类型转换 把字符串隐式的转换成Student类型
            public static implicit operator Student(string name)
            {
                Student s = new Student(name, 18, 75);
                return s;
            }
            // 显式类型转换 把Student类型强转成字符串
            public static explicit operator string(Student s)
            {
                return s.Name;
            }
        }
        #endregion
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                #region 索引器-李索
                Monster monster = new Monster(10, 5, 100, 5, "哥布林");
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(monster[i]);
                }
                Console.WriteLine();
                //把一个策划文档的数据切割成对应的字符数组
                //序列化
                string dataTitle = "attack,defend,health,speed,name";
                string data = "100,15,500,1,蠕虫皇后";
                string[] datas = data.Split(',');
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
                {
                    monster[i] = datas[i];
                }
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(monster[i]);
                }
                #endregion
                #region 多维度的索引号
                //索引号可以任意维度
                //用一个MyArray类去模拟一个二维数组
                MyArray myArray = new MyArray(5, 7);
                for (int x = 0; x < myArray.GetLength(0); x++)
                {
                    for (int y = 0; y < myArray.GetLength(1); y++)
                    {
                        myArray[x, y] = x * 100 + y;
                    }
                }
                for (int y = 0; y < myArray.GetLength(1); y++)
                {
                    for (int x = 0; x < myArray.GetLength(0); x++)
                    {
                        Console.Write(myArray[x, y] + "	");
                    }
                    Console.WriteLine();
                }
                #endregion
                #region 索引器-沈军
                // 属性   操作字段
                // 索引器 对于操作集合的一种封装
                //Unity1803 unity1803 = new Unity1803();
                //unity1803[2] = new Student("沈天宇", 20, 95);
                for (int i = 0; i < Unity1803.Instance.Count; i++)
                {
                    if (Unity1803.Instance[i])
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(Unity1803.Instance[i]);    // .ToString()方法
                    }
                }
                Unity1803.Instance[Unity1803.Instance.Count] = "丁超";     // 隐式类型转换
                string name = (string)Unity1803.Instance[0];               // 显式类型转换
                //Console.WriteLine(unity1803["沈天宇"]);
                //Unity1803 _unity1803 = new Unity1803();
                //Console.WriteLine(Unity1803.Count);
                //Unity1803.instance = new Unity1803();  // 只读的
                //Unity1803 u1 = new Unity1803();       // 不允许的
                //Console.WriteLine(Unity1803.Instance[0]);
                // 隐式转换 显式转换
                int num1 = 100;
                byte num2 = 200;
                num1 = num2;        // 隐式类型转换
                num2 = (byte)num1;  // 显式类型转换
                #endregion
            }
        }
    }
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    namespace m1w4d2_operator
    {
        #region 练习1
        //通过重载运算符,我们可以给自定类型,增加计算功能
        struct Point2D
        {
            public int x, y;
            public Point2D(int x, int y)
            {
                this.x = x;
                this.y = y;
            }
            public static Point2D Up = new Point2D(0, -1);
            public static Point2D Down = new Point2D(0, 1);
            public static Point2D Left = new Point2D(-1, 0);
            public static Point2D Right = new Point2D(1, 0);
            //返回类型?,函数名(operator 运算符)?参数?
            //public static i = i + 1;
            //两个参数,任意类型
            //返回类型,任意类型
            //算数运算符 是双目运算符,参数必须是两个,任意类型,返回类型,任意类型
            public static Point2D operator +(Point2D a, Point2D b)
            {
                return new Point2D(a.x + b.x, a.y + b.y);
            }
            public static Point2D operator -(Point2D a, Point2D b)
            {
                return new Point2D(a.x - b.x, a.y - b.y);
            }
            //关系运算符 是双目运算符,参数必须是两个,任意类型,返回类型是bool
            public static bool operator ==(Point2D a, Point2D b)
            {
                return a.x == b.x && a.y == b.y;
            }
            public static bool operator !=(Point2D a, Point2D b)
            {
                return !(a == b);
            }
            public override string ToString()
            {
                return string.Format("[x:{0},y{1}]", x, y);
            }
        }
        #endregion
        #region 练习2
        class Item
        {
            public static string style = "剑刀盾斧药";
            public Item(string name, int value)
            {
                this.name = name;
                this.value = value;
            }
            string name;
            int value;
            public override string ToString()
            {
                return string.Format("{0}:value:{1}", name, value);
            }
        }
        class Monster
        {
            public static Random roll = new Random();
            public int attack;
            public string name;
            public int speed;
            public Monster(int attack, int speed, string name)
            {
                this.attack = attack;
                this.name = name;
                this.speed = speed;
            }
            public static Item operator +(Monster a, Monster b)
            {
                string name = a.name.Substring(a.name.Length / 2) + b.name.Substring(b.name.Length / 2) + Item.style[roll.Next(0, Item.style.Length)];
                int value = (a.attack + b.attack) * 10 + a.speed + b.speed;
                if (name[name.Length - 1] == '')
                {
                    value /= 10000;
                }
                return new Item(name, value);
            }
            public override string ToString()
            {
                return string.Format("{0}:attack:{1},speed:{2}", name, attack, speed);
            }
        }
        #endregion
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                #region 练习1
                //老位置
                Point2D oldPosition = new Point2D(5, 5);
                //position.x += dir.x;
                //新位置 是老位置 向上走一步
                Console.WriteLine(oldPosition);
                Point2D newPosition = oldPosition + Point2D.Up;
                Console.WriteLine(newPosition);
                //请问,新位置在老位置的哪个方向
                string dirStr = "";
                Point2D pointDir = newPosition - oldPosition;
                if (pointDir == Point2D.Up) dirStr = "";
                else if (pointDir == Point2D.Down) dirStr = "";
                else if (pointDir == Point2D.Left) dirStr = "";
                else if (pointDir == Point2D.Right) dirStr = "";
                Console.WriteLine("你的前进方向是{0}", dirStr);
                #endregion
                #region 练习2
                Monster a = new Monster(1000, 50, "哥布林");
                Monster b = new Monster(1000, 200, "索尼克");
                Console.WriteLine(a);
                Console.WriteLine(b);
                Item item = a + b;
                Console.WriteLine(item);
                #endregion
            }
        }
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/vuciao/p/10362502.html
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