JDK并发包

1.重入锁(ReentrantLock)

重入锁使用java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock类来实现，具有与synchronized关键字相似的功能。

 1 package com.company;
 2 
 3 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 4 
 5 public class User implements Runnable {
 6     private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
 7     static int i = 0;
 8     @Override
 9     public void run() {
10         lock.lock();
11         for (int j = 0; j < 10000000; j++) {
12             i++;
13         }
14         System.out.println(i);
15         lock.unlock();
16     }
17 
18     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
19         //注意要使用同一个对象创建线程
20         User u = new User();
21         Thread t1 = new Thread(u);
22         Thread t2 = new Thread(u);
23         t1.start();
24         t2.start();
25     }
26 }

锁的时候响应中断

 1 package com.company;
 2 
 3 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 4 
 5 public class User implements Runnable {
 6     private ReentrantLock lock1 = new ReentrantLock();
 7     private ReentrantLock lock2 = new ReentrantLock();
 8 
 9     @Override
10     public void run() {
11         //线程t1先持有lock1,休眠0.5秒尝试持有lock2
12         if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("t1")){
13             try {
14                 lock1.lockInterruptibly();
15                 Thread.sleep(500);
16                 lock2.lockInterruptibly();
17             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
18                 e.printStackTrace();
19             }
20         //线程t2先持有lock2,休眠0.5秒尝试持有lock1,但是lock1在被t1持有，导致死锁
21         //主线程休眠5秒后，中断线程t1,t1被中断，t2继续执行,执行完毕后退出。
22         }else{
23             try {
24                 lock2.lockInterruptibly();
25                 Thread.sleep(500);
26                 lock1.lockInterruptibly();
27             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
28                 e.printStackTrace();
29             }
30         }
31         if(lock1.isHeldByCurrentThread()){
32             lock1.unlock();
33         }
34         if(lock2.isHeldByCurrentThread()){
35             lock2.unlock();
36         }
37     }
38 
39     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
40         //注意要使用同一个对象创建线程
41         User u = new User();
42         Thread t1 = new Thread(u,"t1");
43         Thread t2 = new Thread(u,"t2");
44         t1.start();
45         t2.start();
46         Thread.sleep(5000);
47         t1.interrupt();
48     }
49 }

设定锁的等待时间

 1 package com.company;
 2 
 3 import org.omg.PortableServer.THREAD_POLICY_ID;
 4 
 5 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 6 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 7 
 8 public class User implements Runnable {
 9     private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
10 
11     @Override
12     public void run() {
13         try {
14             if(lock.tryLock(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)){
15                 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"成功获得锁");
16                 Thread.sleep(6000);
17             }else{
18                 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"获得锁失败");
19             }
20         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
21             e.printStackTrace();
22         }
23     }
24 
25     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
26         //注意要使用同一个对象创建线程
27         User u = new User();
28         Thread t1 = new Thread(u,"t1");
29         Thread t2 = new Thread(u,"t2");
30         t1.start();
31         t2.start();
32     }
33 }

设定线程公平获得锁

公平锁需要维护有序队列，成本高。

 1 package com.company;
 2 
 3 import org.omg.PortableServer.THREAD_POLICY_ID;
 4 
 5 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 6 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 7 
 8 public class User implements Runnable {
 9     //还有一个带有boolean参数的构造方法，为true时多个线程公平的获得锁
10     private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true);
11 
12     @Override
13     public void run() {
14         while(true){
15             lock.lock();
16             try {
17                 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"获得锁");
18                 Thread.sleep(100);
19             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
20                 e.printStackTrace();
21             }
22             lock.unlock();
23         }
24     }
25 
26     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
27         //注意要使用同一个对象创建线程
28         User u = new User();
29         Thread t1 = new Thread(u,"t1");
30         Thread t2 = new Thread(u,"t2");
31         t1.start();
32         t2.start();
33     }
34 }

重入锁的wait和notify

重入锁的等待唤醒使用Condition类，等待使用await()方法，唤醒使用signal()方法，

 1 package com.company;
 2 import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
 3 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 4 
 5 public class User implements Runnable {
 6     public static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
 7     public static Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
 8 
 9     @Override
10     public void run() {
11         try {
12             lock.lock();
13             condition.await();
14             System.out.println("唤醒了");
15         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
16             e.printStackTrace();
17         }
18         lock.unlock();
19     }
20 
21     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
22         //注意要使用同一个对象创建线程
23         User u = new User();
24         Thread t = new Thread(u);
25         t.start();
26         Thread.sleep(1000);
27         //condition只能用在lock块内
28         lock.lock();
29         condition.signal();
30         lock.unlock();
31     }
32 }

2.信号量(Semaphore)

synchronized关键字和重入锁同一时间只支持一个线程进入，信号量允许多个线程进入。

 1 package com.company;
 2 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 3 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 4 import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
 5 
 6 public class User implements Runnable {
 7     final Semaphore semp = new Semaphore(5);
 8 
 9     @Override
10     public void run() {
11         try {
12             semp.acquire();
13             Thread.sleep(1000);
14             System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行完了");
15         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
16             e.printStackTrace();
17         }
18         semp.release();
19 
20     }
21 
22     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
23         //创建一个线程池，池里边有20个线程
24         ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(20);
25         final User user= new User();
26         for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
27             executorService.submit(user);
28         }
29     }
30 }

3.读写锁

读写锁应用于读的次数远大于写的次数的场景，因为2个线程同时读并没有对资源修改，所以可以同时读，但是但凡一个线程有写操作，就会阻塞其他线程

 1 package com.company;
 2 
 3 
 4 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 5 import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
 6 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
 7 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 8 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
 9 
10 public class Main {
11 
12     public void readSth(){
13         try {
14             Thread.sleep(1000);
15         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
16             e.printStackTrace();
17         }
18     }
19 
20     public void writeSth(){
21         try {
22             Thread.sleep(2000);
23         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
24             e.printStackTrace();
25         }
26     }
27     //注意reader类和writer类需要持有同一个类的锁，这2个类持有同一个Main对象
28     public static class Reader implements Runnable{
29         private ReadWriteLock readWriteLock;
30         private Lock readlock;
31         private CountDownLatch latch;
32         private Main obj;
33 
34         public Reader(ReadWriteLock readWriteLock,CountDownLatch latch,Main obj){
35             this.readWriteLock = readWriteLock;
36             this.readlock = readWriteLock.readLock();
37             this.latch = latch;
38             this.obj = obj;
39         }
40 
41 
42         @Override
43         public void run() {
44             readlock.lock();
45             obj.readSth();
46             readlock.unlock();
47             latch.countDown();
48         }
49     }
50 
51     public static class Writer implements Runnable{
52         private ReadWriteLock readWriteLock;
53         private Lock writelock;
54         private CountDownLatch latch;
55         private Main obj;
56 
57         public Writer(ReadWriteLock readWriteLock,CountDownLatch latch,Main obj){
58             this.readWriteLock = readWriteLock;
59             this.writelock = readWriteLock.writeLock();
60             this.latch = latch;
61             this.obj = obj;
62         }
63 
64 
65         @Override
66         public void run() {
67             writelock.lock();
68             obj.writeSth();
69             writelock.unlock();
70             latch.countDown();
71         }
72     }
73     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
74         final long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
75         ReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
76         final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(25);
77         Main m = new Main();
78         for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
79             Thread t = new Thread(new Reader(readWriteLock,latch,m));
80             t.start();
81         }
82         for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
83             Thread t = new Thread(new Writer(readWriteLock,latch,m));
84             t.start();
85         }
86         latch.await();
87         final long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
88         final long cost = (end - start) /1000;
89         //执行时间11s
90         System.out.println(cost);
91     }
92 }

4.等待多个线程执行完的CountDownLatch

CountDownLatch可以让一个线程等待多个线程执行完后在执行。

 1 package com.company;
 2 
 3 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 4 
 5 public class User implements Runnable {
 6     private CountDownLatch c;
 7 
 8     public User(CountDownLatch c){
 9         this.c = c;
10     }
11 
12     @Override
13     public void run() {
14         try {
15             Thread.sleep(2000);
16         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
17             e.printStackTrace();
18         }
19         c.countDown();
20 
21     }
22 
23     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
24         long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
25         CountDownLatch c = new CountDownLatch(10);
26         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
27             new Thread(new User(c)).start();
28         }
29         c.await();
30         long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
31         System.out.println((end-start)/1000+"秒后所有线程都执行完了");
32     }
33 }

5.反复等待多个线程执行完的CyclicBarrier（？）

 1 package com.company;
 2 
 3 import java.util.Random;
 4 import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
 5 import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
 6 
 7 public class CyclicBarrierDemo {
 8     public static class Solider implements Runnable{
 9     private String solider;
10     private final CyclicBarrier cyclic;
11 
12         public Solider(String solider,CyclicBarrier cyclic) {
13             this.solider = solider;
14             this.cyclic = cyclic;
15         }
16 
17         @Override
18         public void run() {
19             try {
20                 //等士兵集合
21                 cyclic.await();
22                 doWork();
23                 //等士兵完成任务
24                 cyclic.await();
25             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
26                 e.printStackTrace();
27             } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
28                 e.printStackTrace();
29             }
30         }
31 
32         void doWork() throws InterruptedException {
33             Thread.sleep(Math.abs(new Random().nextInt() % 10000));
34             System.out.println(solider+"任务完成");
35         }
36     }
37     //一批线程执行完了，最后执行什么
38     public static class BarrierRun implements Runnable{
39         boolean flag;
40         int N;
41 
42         public BarrierRun(boolean flag,int N){
43             this.flag = flag;
44             this.N = N;
45         }
46         @Override
47         public void run() {
48             if(flag){
49                 System.out.println("司令："+N+"个士兵完成任务");
50             }else{
51                 System.out.println("司令："+N+"个士兵集合完毕");
52                 flag = true;
53             }
54         }
55     }
56 
57     public static void main(String[] args) {
58         final int N = 10;
59         boolean flag = false;
60         CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(N,new BarrierRun(flag,N));
61         System.out.println("集合队伍");
62         for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
63             System.out.println("士兵"+i+"报道");
64             new Thread(new Solider("士兵"+i,cyclicBarrier)).start();
65         }
66     }
67 }

6.线程阻塞（LockSupport）

LockSupport的park()方法可以阻塞当前线程。

LockSupport为每个线程准备一个许可，park()将许可变为不可用；unpark()将许可变为可用。

即使unpark()先执行，在碰到对应的park()也能继续执行。

 1 package com.company;
 2 
 3 
 4 import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
 5 
 6 public class User implements Runnable{
 7     private static Object o = new Object();
 8 
 9     @Override
10     public void run() {
11         synchronized (o){
12             System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
13             LockSupport.park();
14         }
15     }
16 
17     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
18         User u = new User();
19         Thread t1 = new Thread(u);
20         Thread t2 = new Thread(u);
21         t1.start();
22         t2.start();
23 24         LockSupport.unpark(t2);
25         t1.join();
26         t2.join();
27     }
28 }

park()还可以响应中断。

 1 package com.company;
 2 
 3 
 4 import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
 5 
 6 public class User implements Runnable{
 7     private static Object o = new Object();
 8 
 9     @Override
10     public void run() {
11         synchronized (o){
12             LockSupport.park();
13             if(Thread.interrupted()){
14                 System.out.println("线程中断了");
15             }
16         }
17     }
18 
19     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
20         User u = new User();
21         Thread t1 = new Thread(u);
22         t1.start();
23         t1.interrupt();
24     }
25 }

7.限流算法

漏桶算法

令牌桶算法（Guava的RateLimiter）

 1 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.RateLimiter;
 2 
 3 public class User implements Runnable{
 4     //设定每秒处理2个请求
 5     static RateLimiter t = RateLimiter.create(2);
 6 
 7     public void run() {
 8         System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis());
 9     }
10 
11     public static void main(String[] args) {
12         for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
13             t.acquire();
14             new Thread(new User()).start();
15         }
16     }
17 }

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/vshen999/p/12404615.html