Map接口
一、定义
Map集合是双列集合,即一个元素包含两个值(一个key,一个value),Collection集合是单列集合。
定义格式:
public interface Map<K,V>
二、注意事项
- K值(key值)是不允许重复的,而且每个键只能对应一个值。
- key值和value数据类型可以相同也可以不同。
- V值(value值)允许重复。
- key和value是一一对应关系。
三、常用子类
-
HashMap
-
LinkedHashMap
HashMap
1.注意事项
- 底层使用哈希表。HashSet集合本质new的就是HashMap的对象,只不过它只利用了它的单列K(key)值,这也是HashSet集合不允许重复值的根源所在。
- 无序集合。
- 不同步(多线程)。
- 实现了Map<K,V>接口。
- jdk1.8以前,哈希表结构 = 数组+链表;jdk1.8以后,哈希表结构 = 数组 + 链表(或红黑树,发生哈希冲突的元素达到8个以上)。
- 在存储自定义对象时,作为Key的类必须重写hashCode()方法和equals()方法,用以保证key值得唯一性。
LinkedHashMap
1.注意事项
- 继承自HashMap集合。
- LinkedHashMap结构 = 哈希表 + 链表,这保证了LinkedHashMap集合的有序性(即存放和取出元素的顺序是一致的)。
HashTable
1.注意事项
- 实现了 Map<K,V> 接口。
- 底层是哈希表。
- 线程同步(单线程),所以速度较慢。
- HashTable集合不允许存储null值,null键(其他集合均允许)。
- HashTable集合已经被取代了。
- HashTable集合的子类 Properties 集合依然被广泛使用,因为它是唯一一个和I/O流配合的集合。
四、使用方法
1.Map接口
(1)常用方法
pubilc V put(K key,V value)
注意:
如果key值已经存在,则返回被替换的value值,如果key值不存在,则返回空。
当添加的键值已经存在时,value值会被新值替换,而并非添加失败。
public V remove(K key)
根据键值删除对应的对值,并且返回被删除掉的键值对应的value值。
pubilc V get(K key)
得到指定键值对应的value值。
public boolean containsKey(K key)
判断集合中是否存在键值 key
public boolean containValue(V value)
判断集合中是否存在value值 value
(2)测试代码:
Tea类:
package com.lanyue.day19;
public class Tea {
public int grade;
public String name;
public String school;
public Tea(int grade, String name, String school) {
this.grade = grade;
this.name = name;
this.school = school;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return name;
}
public void info(){
System.out.println(this.name + "是" + this.school + this.grade +"年级的班主任");
}
}
Stu类:
package com.lanyue.day19;
public class Stu {
public int grade;
public String name;
@Override
public String toString() {
return name;
}
public String school;
public Stu(int grade, String name, String school) {
this.grade = grade;
this.name = name;
this.school = school;
}
public void info(){
System.out.println(this.name + "同学目前就读于" + this.school + "的" + this.grade + "年级");
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
Stu stu = (Stu) o;
return Objects.equals(name, stu.name);
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Objects.hash(name);
}
}
运行类:
package com.lanyue.day19;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class MapLearn {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<Stu,Tea> map = new HashMap<>();
Tea teaOne = new Tea(1,"张晓燕","黄冈中学");
Tea teaTwo = new Tea(2,"李艳玲","黄冈中学");
Tea teaThree = new Tea(3,"王建福","黄冈中学");
Stu stuOne = new Stu(1,"小明","黄冈中学");
Stu stuTwo = new Stu(1,"小力","黄冈中学");
Stu stuThree = new Stu(1,"小张","黄冈中学");
Stu stuFour = new Stu(2,"晓明","黄冈中学");
Stu stuFive = new Stu(2,"晓力","黄冈中学");
Stu stuSix = new Stu(2,"晓张","黄冈中学");
Stu stuSeven = new Stu(3,"萧明","黄冈中学");
Stu stuEight = new Stu(3,"萧力","黄冈中学");
Stu stuNine = new Stu(3,"萧张","黄冈中学");
Stu stuTen = new Stu(3,"萧何","黄冈中学");
map.put(stuOne,teaOne);
map.put(stuTwo,teaOne);
map.put(stuThree,teaOne);
map.put(stuFour,teaTwo);
map.put(stuFive,teaTwo);
map.put(stuSix,teaTwo);
map.put(stuSeven,teaThree);
map.put(stuEight,teaThree);
map.put(stuNine,teaThree);
map.put(stuTen,teaThree);
Tea tea = map.put(stuEight,teaOne);
System.out.println(tea);
tea = map.get(stuEight);
System.out.println(tea);
tea = map.remove(stuEight);
System.out.println(tea);
boolean b1 = map.containsKey(stuEight);
boolean b2 = map.containsValue(teaThree);
System.out.println(b1 + " " + b2);
System.out.println(map);
}
}
2.遍历Map集合
方法一:
Map中有一个方法:
public K keySet(Map<K,V> map)
这个方法返回一个Set视图(即将双列Map集合中的K列装换为单列Set接口,并将其实现类对象返回),可以利用Set接口遍历集合中的所有K元素(键值),然后再利用Map中的get(K key)方法得到每个key值对应的value值,如此得以遍历整个集合。
方法二:
在Map接口中有一个内部接口——Entry接口。
一旦Map实现类对象创建, 就会生成一个Entry实现类对象 ==> 。用于生成键值对对象(它是一个整体对象,对象中又包含两个子对象,分别是key对象和value对象)
步骤:
①
Set<Map.Entry<K,Y>> Set对象 = Map对象.entrySet();
②
Iterator<Map.Entry<K,Y>> 迭代器对象 = Set对象.iterator();
③
然后利用迭代器对象得到所有的Entry对象。
④
对每个Entry对象进行getKey()和getValue()方法最终得到所有的key,value对象。
注意:完成①后,就可以使用增强for循环来遍历所有对象了。
测试代码:
Stu类代码:
package com.lanyue.day19;
import java.util.Objects;
public class Stu {
public int grade;
public String name;
@Override
public String toString() {
return name;
}
public String school;
public Stu(int grade, String name, String school) {
this.grade = grade;
this.name = name;
this.school = school;
}
public void info(){
System.out.println(this.name + "同学目前就读于" + this.school + "的" + this.grade + "年级");
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
Stu stu = (Stu) o;
return Objects.equals(name, stu.name);
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Objects.hash(name);
}
}
Tea代码类:
package com.lanyue.day19;
public class Tea {
public int grade;
public String name;
public String school;
public Tea(int grade, String name, String school) {
this.grade = grade;
this.name = name;
this.school = school;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return name;
}
public void info(){
System.out.println(this.name + "是" + this.school + this.grade +"年级的班主任");
}
}
运行代码类:
package com.lanyue.day19;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
public class MapLearn {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<Stu,Tea> map = new HashMap<>();
Tea teaOne = new Tea(1,"张晓燕","黄冈中学");
Tea teaTwo = new Tea(2,"李艳玲","黄冈中学");
Tea teaThree = new Tea(3,"王建福","黄冈中学");
Stu stuOne = new Stu(1,"小明","黄冈中学");
Stu stuTwo = new Stu(1,"小力","黄冈中学");
Stu stuThree = new Stu(1,"小张","黄冈中学");
Stu stuFour = new Stu(2,"晓明","黄冈中学");
Stu stuFive = new Stu(2,"晓力","黄冈中学");
Stu stuSix = new Stu(2,"晓张","黄冈中学");
Stu stuSeven = new Stu(3,"萧明","黄冈中学");
Stu stuEight = new Stu(3,"萧力","黄冈中学");
Stu stuNine = new Stu(3,"萧张","黄冈中学");
Stu stuTen = new Stu(3,"萧何","黄冈中学");
map.put(stuOne,teaOne);
map.put(stuTwo,teaOne);
map.put(stuThree,teaOne);
map.put(stuFour,teaTwo);
map.put(stuFive,teaTwo);
map.put(stuSix,teaTwo);
map.put(stuSeven,teaThree);
map.put(stuEight,teaThree);
map.put(stuNine,teaThree);
map.put(stuTen,teaThree);
view(map);
viewTwo(map);
}
public static void view(Map<Stu,Tea> map){
Set<Stu> stuSet = map.keySet();
Iterator<Stu> it = stuSet.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
Stu stu = it.next();
Tea tea = map.get(stu);
System.out.println(stu.school + "" + stu.grade + "班" + stu.name + "===>" + tea.school + "的" + tea.grade + "班" + tea
.name);
}
}
public static void viewTwo(Map<Stu,Tea> map){
Set<Map.Entry<Stu, Tea>> list = map.entrySet();
Iterator<Map.Entry<Stu, Tea>> it = list.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
Map.Entry<Stu, Tea> mapTemp = it.next();
Stu stu = mapTemp.getKey();
Tea tea = mapTemp.getValue();
System.out.println(stu.school + "" + stu.grade + "班" + stu.name + "------>>" + tea.school + "的" + tea.grade + "班" + tea
.name);
}
}
}
3.LinkedHashMap
package com.lanyue.day19;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
public class LinkedHashMapLearn {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedHashMap<Integer,String> list = new LinkedHashMap<>();
list.put(3,"三");
list.put(4,"四");
list.put(5,"五");
list.put(1,"一");
list.put(2,"二");
System.out.println(list);
}
}