Builder(In Test)建造者模式是什么
Normal Pattern
public class Employee
{
public Employee(int id, string firstname, string lastname, DateTime birthdate, string street)
{
this.ID = id;
this.FirstName = firstname;
this.LastName = lastname;
this.BirthDate = birthdate;
this.Street = street;
}
public int ID { get; private set; }
public string FirstName { get; private set; }
public string LastName { get; private set; }
public DateTime BirthDate { get; private set; }
public string Street { get; private set; }
public string getFullName()
{
return this.FirstName + " " + this.LastName;
}
public int getAge()
{
DateTime today = DateTime.Today;
int age = today.Year - BirthDate.Year;
if (BirthDate > today.AddYears(-age)) age--;
return age;
}
}
- All values are passed in in the constructor
- All properties are read-only (at least from outside of this class)
- Methods provide access to calculated values (getFullName and getAge)
The Builder Pattern & The Factory Pattern
工厂方法模式注重的是整体对象的创建方法,而建造者模式注重的是部件构建的过程,旨在通过一步一步地精确构造创建出一个复杂的对象。
工厂模式关心整体,建造者模式关心细节。
我们举个简单例子来说明两者的差异,如要制造一个超人,如果使用工厂方法模式,直接产生出来的就是一个力大无穷、能够飞翔、内裤外穿的超人;
而如果使用建造者模式,则需要组装手、头、脚、躯干等部分,然后再把内裤外穿,于是一个超人就诞生了。参考
更加的Flexible and expressive
The Builder Pattern 建造者模式
应用案例:麦当劳套餐基本上都是以一个汉堡和一杯饮料组成套餐。
public class EmployeeBuilder
{
private int id = 1;
private string firstname = "first";
private string lastname = "last";
private DateTime birthdate = DateTime.Today;
private string street = "street";
public Employee Build()
{
return new Employee(id, firstname, lastname, birthdate, street);
}
public EmployeeBuilder WithFirstName(string firstname)
{
this.firstname = firstname;
return this;
}
public EmployeeBuilder WithLastName(string lastname)
{
this.lastname = lastname;
return this;
}
public EmployeeBuilder WithBirthDate(DateTime birthdate)
{
this.birthdate = birthdate;
return this;
}
public EmployeeBuilder WithStreet(string street)
{
this.street = street;
return this;
}
public static implicit operator Employee(EmployeeBuilder instance)
{
return instance.Build();
}
}
The resulting unit tests
public class EmployeeTest
{
[Test]
public void GetFullNameReturnsCombination()
{
// Arrange
Employee emp = new EmployeeBuilder().WithFirstName("Kenneth")
.WithLastName("Truyers");
// Act
string fullname = emp.getFullName();
// Assert
Assert.That(fullname, Is.EqualTo("Kenneth Truyers"));
}
[Test]
public void GetAgeReturnsCorrectValue()
{
// Arrange
Employee emp = new EmployeeBuilder().WithBirthDate(new DateTime(1983, 1,1));
// Act
int age = emp.getAge();
// Assert
Assert.That(age, Is.EqualTo(DateTime.Today.Year - 1983));
}
}
工厂模式
定义一个创建对象的接口,让其子类自己决定实例化哪一个工厂类,工厂模式使其创建过程延迟到子类进行。
在工厂模式中,我们在创建对象时不会对客户端暴露创建逻辑,并且是通过使用一个共同的接口来指向新创建的对象。
应用案例:如果需要一个汽车,只需要去车场提车就好了,不用知道车子是怎么造的。
优点:
-
一个调用者想创建一个对象,只要知道其名称就可以了。
-
扩展性高,如果想增加一个产品,只要扩展一个工厂类就可以。
-
屏蔽产品的具体实现,调用者只关心产品的接口。
public class ProductFactory {
public static Product produce(String productName) throws Exception {
switch (productName) {
case "tv":
return new Tv();
case "car":
return new Car();
default:
throw new Exception("没有该产品");
}
}
}
测试方法:
try {
ProductFactory.produce("car");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
其他参考
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