1、后台布局管理
https://www.cnblogs.com/venicid/p/7772742.html#_label0
1、通用模板
overflow: auto; //在a和b模板中进行切换
a 模板 :左侧菜单跟随滚动条
b模板 左侧以及上不动 ****
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title>
<style type="text/css"> .header { 100%; height: 60px; background-color: #369; } .right { float: right; } .left { float: left; } .menu { position: absolute; top: 60px; left: 0; bottom: 0; background-color: gainsboro; 20%; } .content { position: absolute; top: 60px; right: 0; bottom: 0; background-color: mediumpurple; 80%; overflow: auto; //在a和b模板中进行切换 } </style> </head> <body> <div class="header"></div> <div class="container"> <div class="menu left"> 1111 </div> <div class="content right">222 {% block content %} {% endblock %} </div> </div> </body> </html>
2、模板继承
users.html / roles.html 继承自 base.html
users.html
{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block con %} <h4>用户列表</h4> {% for user in user_list %} <p>{{ user }}</p> {% endfor %} {% endblock con%}
2、权限按钮控制:简单控制
用户权限不同,按钮显示就不同!
登录成功后,就已经注册了session
request.session['permission_list'] = permission_list
permission_list = request.session.get('permission_list')
简单控制: {% if "users/add" in permissions_list%}
3、修改表结构
BUT: 不好,不想让 if "/users/add/" 写死,会有 "/roles/add/" 情况,不健壮!怎么办? 不应该根据表名,去判断!!
权限不同,按钮显示就不同 如何做呢?
上面问题的解决办法:
为了扩展,
# 把两条线 合成一个线
/users/..
/roles/...
1、admin显示字段
注意:list_display = []
2、添加action,group字段
注意点:
加了一个权限组表,
将每张表的增删改查,划到一个组里面!
无论多复杂的,最终一定是对数据库的(增删改查)
修改表结构,重新处理中间件,登录页面:
目的:全是为了按钮的粒度,同一个模板,同一个视图,
显示不同的数据,权限
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class User(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32) roles = models.ManyToManyField(to='Role') def __str__(self): return self.name class Role(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32) permissions = models.ManyToManyField(to="Permission") def __str__(self): return self.title class Permission(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32) url = models.CharField(max_length=32) action = models.CharField(max_length=32, default="") group = models.ForeignKey(to="PermissionGroup", on_delete=True) def __str__(self): return self.title class PermissionGroup(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32 ) def __str__(self): return self.title
4、重构数据结构
1、登录验证
2、构建permission_dict
3.登录之后,重写 initial_session(user,request)
就是:
# 在session中注册权限列表 用户权限
# request.session['permission_list'] = permission_list
不应该是list 而是dict
# 在session中注册权限字典
request.session['permission_dict'] = permission_dict
注意点:
permission = user.roles.all().values('permission__url', 'permission__group_id', 'permission__action').distinct()
对数据的处理,以组为键
{1: {'urls': ['/users/', '/users/add/', '/users/delete/(\d+)/', '/users/edit/(\d+)/'], 'actions': ['list', 'add', 'delete', 'edit']}, 2: {'urls': ['/roles/'], 'actions': ['list']}}
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Time : 2018/08/11 0011 9:24 # @Author : Venicid def initial_session(request,user): # 方案2 permissions = user.roles.all().values("permissions__url", "permissions__group_id","permissions__action").distinct() print(permissions) # <QuerySet [{'permissions__url': '/users/', # 'permissions__group_id': 1, # 'permissions__action': 'list'}]> permission_dict = {} for item in permissions: gid = item.get("permissions__group_id") if not gid in permission_dict: permission_dict[gid] = { "urls":[item["permissions__url"],], "actions":[item["permissions__action"],] } else: permission_dict[gid]["urls"].append(item["permissions__url"]) permission_dict[gid]["actions"].append(item["permissions__action"]) print(permission_dict) # {1: {'urls': ['/users/'], 'actions': ['list']}} request.session["permission_dict"] = permission_dict # 方案1: """ permissions = user.roles.all().values("permissions__url").distinct() permission_list = [] for item in permissions: permission_list.append(item['permissions__url']) print(permission_list) # ['/users/', '/users/add', '/users/delete/(\d+)', '/users/edit/(\d+)'] request.session["permission_list"] = permission_list """ """ values : for role in user.roles.all(): # <QuerySet [<Role: 保洁>, <Role: 销售>]> temp.append({ "title":role.title, "permissions_url":role.permissions.all() }) # <QuerySet [{'title': '保洁', 'permissions__url': '/users/'}, # {'title': '销售', 'permissions__url': '/users/'}, # {'title': '销售', 'permissions__url': '/users/add'}]> """
5、限制权限粒度
1、中间件校验权限:
# 注意:妙 !!
request.actions = item["actions"]
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Time : 2018/08/11 0011 9:04 # @Author : Venicid import re from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, redirect class ValidPermission(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self, request): # 当前访问路径 current_path = request.path_info # 1、检验是否属于白名单 白名单,不需要任何权限的url # 正则匹配 valid_url_list = ['/login/', '/reg/', '/admin/.*'] for valid_url in valid_url_list: ret = re.match(valid_url, current_path) if ret: return None # 2、校验是否登录 user_id = request.session.get("user_id") if not user_id: return redirect('/login/') # 3、校验权限2 permission_dict = request.session.get("permission_dict", {}) # {1: {'urls': ['/users/'], 'actions': ['list']}} for item in permission_dict.values(): urls = item["urls"] for reg in urls: reg = "^%s$" % reg ret = re.match(reg, current_path) if ret: print("actions",item["actions"]) request.actions = item["actions"] return None return HttpResponse("没有访问权限") # 3、校验权限1 """ permission_list = request.session.get("permission_list",[]) print(permission_list) flag = False for permission in permission_list: permission = "^%s$" % permission # print(111111111,permission) # print(current_path) ret = re.match(permission, current_path) if ret: flag = True break if not flag: return HttpResponse("没有访问权限") return None """
模板层,权限按钮控制
2:用类来实现!!
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse # Create your views here. from rbac.models import * from rbac.service.perssions import * class Per(object): def __init__(self, actions): self.actions = actions def add(self): return "add" in self.actions def delete(self): return "delete" in self.actions def edit(self): return "edit" in self.actions def list(self): return "list" in self.actions def users(request): user_list = User.objects.all() permission_list = request.session.get("permission_list") # 查询当前登录人的名字 id = request.session.get("user_id") user = User.objects.filter(id=id).first() print(user) per = Per(request.actions) return render(request, "users.html", locals()) def add_user(request): return HttpResponse('add user') def delete_user(request, id): return HttpResponse('delete_user') def edit_user(request, id): return HttpResponse('edit_user') def roles(request): role_list = Role.objects.all() per = Per(request.actions) print(request.actions) return render(request, "roles.html", locals()) def login(request): if request.method == "POST": user = request.POST.get("user") pwd = request.POST.get("pwd") user = User.objects.filter(name=user, pwd=pwd).first() if user: ############## 在session中注册用户 request.session['user_id'] = user.pk ############# 在session中注册权限list initial_session(request, user) return HttpResponse("登录成功") return render(request, 'login.html', locals())
3、效果
不同的用户,具有不同的权限,
权限不同,显示的按钮就不同!!
6、权限不同,菜单显示不同
只有查看,有必要放到菜单栏!
即:action == list 放到 菜单栏中
1.用户登录后,在initial_session中,注册菜单权限
注意:permission__group__title 还可以这样用,跨了3张表!!
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Time : 2018/08/11 0011 9:24 # @Author : Venicid def initial_session(request,user): # 方案2 permissions = user.roles.all().values("permissions__url", "permissions__group_id","permissions__action").distinct() print(permissions) # <QuerySet [{'permissions__url': '/users/', # 'permissions__group_id': 1, # 'permissions__action': 'list'}]> permission_dict = {} for item in permissions: gid = item.get("permissions__group_id") if not gid in permission_dict: permission_dict[gid] = { "urls":[item["permissions__url"],], "actions":[item["permissions__action"],] } else: permission_dict[gid]["urls"].append(item["permissions__url"]) permission_dict[gid]["actions"].append(item["permissions__action"]) print(permission_dict) # {1: {'urls': ['/users/'], 'actions': ['list']}} request.session["permission_dict"] = permission_dict # 注册菜单权限 permissions = user.roles.all().values("permissions__url", "permissions__action", "permissions__group__title").distinct() print(permissions) menu_permission_list = [] for item in permissions: if item["permissions__action"] == "list": menu_permission_list.append((item["permissions__url"], item["permissions__group__title"])) print(menu_permission_list) # [('/users/', '用户组'), ('/roles/', '角色组')] request.session["menu_permission_list"] = menu_permission_list # 方案1: """ permissions = user.roles.all().values("permissions__url").distinct() permission_list = [] for item in permissions: permission_list.append(item['permissions__url']) print(permission_list) # ['/users/', '/users/add', '/users/delete/(\d+)', '/users/edit/(\d+)'] request.session["permission_list"] = permission_list """ """ values : for role in user.roles.all(): # <QuerySet [<Role: 保洁>, <Role: 销售>]> temp.append({ "title":role.title, "permissions_url":role.permissions.all() }) # <QuerySet [{'title': '保洁', 'permissions__url': '/users/'}, # {'title': '销售', 'permissions__url': '/users/'}, # {'title': '销售', 'permissions__url': '/users/add'}]> """
2、menu
可以实现,菜单显示!但是不行,为什么?
因为模板继承,只继承样式,不继承数据!所有需要用到 自定义标签(inclusion_tag)
3、自定义标签(inclusion_tag)
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Time : 2018/08/12 0012 16:11 # @Author : Venicid from django import template register = template.Library() @register.inclusion_tag("rbac/menu.html") def get_menu(request): # 获取当前用户可以放到菜单栏中的权限 menu_permission_list = request.session.get("menu_permission_list") print(menu_permission_list) return {"menu_permission_list":menu_permission_list}
+
7、可拔插配置:包...建在哪个App
属于权限的就建在rbac的APP里,因为rpac最后是可插拔的组件!!
users.html / roles.html / base.html / menu.html
是和权限相关的,所以应该放在 rbac/templates/... 方便以后copy走!!
djangod的render去渲染 .html 时,先到项目的 templates 下找,找不到,再到App下 templates 下找,
最后找不到,才报错!!
如果多个App的templates 下的.html重名怎么办? django 会根据注册的顺序显示!
解决办法:
项目/rbac/templates/rbac/xxx.html
这时调用:
return render(request, 'rbac/users.html', locals())
注意:
templates 或者 templatetag 注意多个app下面 的文件名 有可能都会重名!!
办法:就是 eg:/rbac/templates/rbac/xxx.html 或者不起重名
注意:
如果 base.html 在项目下有,在App下有,先找项目下的,找不到才找App
全局可以覆盖局部的!!
8、路径自动添加
知识点:路径自动添加问题:
http://127.0.0.1:8010/users
http://127.0.0.1:8010/users/
浏览器发请求:
django 发现之后,发了一个重定向的 url 加了一个 /
所有才能匹配上:
path('users/', views.users),
如何让django不给浏览器发重定向,不加 /
配置:
APPEND_SLASH = False
APPEND_SLASH = True # 默认为 True
ajax 也是,django会默认的加 / 发重定向
1、django浏览器重定向
2、APPEND_SLASH = False
ajax 也是,django会默认的加 / 发重定向