• Python实例讲解 获取本地时间日期(日期计算)


    1. 显示当前日期:
     
    1 #! /usr/bin/env python
    2 #coding=utf-8
    3
    4 import time
    5
    6 print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %A %X %Z',time.localtime(time.time()))

    或者

    1 #! /usr/bin/env python
    2 #coding=utf-8
    3
    4 import time
    5
    6 print time.time()
    7
    8 print time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %A %X %Z", time.localtime())

     

    你也可以用: print list(time.localtime())

    结果是: 2011-02-08 Tuesday 16:30:23 Eastern Standard Time 

    下面是解释:

    取得时间相关的信息的话,要用到python time模块,python time模块里面有很多非常好用的功能,你可以去官方
    文档了解下,要取的当前时间的话,要取得当前时间的时间戳,时间戳好像是1970年到现在时间相隔的时间。

    你可以试下下面的方式来取得当前时间的时间戳:

     
    1 import time
    2 print time.time()

    输出的结果是:1297201057.8

    但是这样是一连串的数字不是我们想要的结果,我们可以利用time模块的格式化时间的方法来处理:

    time.localtime(time.time())


    用time.localtime()方法,作用是格式化时间戳为本地的时间。


    输出的结果是:
    time.struct_time(tm_year=2011, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=8, tm_hour=16, tm_min=39, tm_sec=12, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=39, tm_isdst=0)

    现在看起来更有希望格式成我们想要的时间了。
    time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d',time.localtime(time.time()))

    最后用time.strftime()方法,把刚才的一大串信息格式化成我们想要的东西,现在的结果是:
    2011-02-08

    time.strftime里面有很多参数,可以让你能够更随意的输出自己想要的东西:
    下面是time.strftime的参数:


    strftime(format[, tuple]) -> string
    将指定的struct_time(默认为当前时间),根据指定的格式化字符串输出


    python中时间日期格式化符号:


    %y 两位数的年份表示(00-99)
    %Y 四位数的年份表示(000-9999)
    %m 月份(01-12)
    %d 月内中的一天(0-31)
    %H 24小时制小时数(0-23)
    %I 12小时制小时数(01-12)
    %M 分钟数(00=59)
    %S 秒(00-59)

    %a 本地简化星期名称
    %A 本地完整星期名称
    %b 本地简化的月份名称
    %B 本地完整的月份名称
    %c 本地相应的日期表示和时间表示
    %j 年内的一天(001-366)
    %p 本地A.M.或P.M.的等价符
    %U 一年中的星期数(00-53)星期天为星期的开始
    %w 星期(0-6),星期天为星期的开始
    %W 一年中的星期数(00-53)星期一为星期的开始
    %x 本地相应的日期表示
    %X 本地相应的时间表示
    %Z 当前时区的名称
    %% %号本身

    2. 计算时间差:

     1 #! /usr/bin/env python
    2 #coding=utf-8
    3
    4 import time
    5 import datetime
    6
    7 d1 = datetime.datetime(2011, 2, 8)
    8 d2 = datetime.datetime(2010, 12, 31)
    9
    10 print (d1 - d2).days

     

    结果:39

    3. 计算运行时间:

     
     1 #! /usr/bin/env python   
    2 #coding=utf-8
    3
    4 import time
    5 import datetime
    6
    7 starttime = datetime.datetime.now()
    8
    9 time.sleep(5)
    10
    11 endtime = datetime.datetime.now()
    12 print (endtime - starttime).seconds

    结果:5

    4. 计算十天之后的日期时间:

     1 #! /usr/bin/env python
    2 #coding=utf-8
    3
    4 import time
    5 import datetime
    6
    7 d1 = datetime.datetime.now()
    8 d3 = d1 + datetime.timedelta(days =10)
    9
    10 print str(d3)
    11 print d3.ctime()
     
    结果:

    2011-02-18 16:49:28.362000
    Fri Feb 18 16:49:28 2011

    5. 阳历转阴历:

      1 #! -*- encoding: GBK -*-
    2
    3 import re
    4 import math
    5 import time
    6 import os
    7
    8 MONTH_NAME = ["", "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"]
    9 MONTH_DAYS = [0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31];
    10
    11 LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE = [
    12 0x04AE53,0x0A5748,0x5526BD,0x0D2650,0x0D9544,0x46AAB9,0x056A4D,0x09AD42,0x24AEB6,0x04AE4A, # //*1901-1910*/
    13 0x6A4DBE,0x0A4D52,0x0D2546,0x5D52BA,0x0B544E,0x0D6A43,0x296D37,0x095B4B,0x749BC1,0x049754, # //*1911-1920*/
    14 0x0A4B48,0x5B25BC,0x06A550,0x06D445,0x4ADAB8,0x02B64D,0x095742,0x2497B7,0x04974A,0x664B3E, # //*1921-1930*/
    15 0x0D4A51,0x0EA546,0x56D4BA,0x05AD4E,0x02B644,0x393738,0x092E4B,0x7C96BF,0x0C9553,0x0D4A48, # //*1931-1940*/
    16 0x6DA53B,0x0B554F,0x056A45,0x4AADB9,0x025D4D,0x092D42,0x2C95B6,0x0A954A,0x7B4ABD,0x06CA51, # //*1941-1950*/
    17 0x0B5546,0x555ABB,0x04DA4E,0x0A5B43,0x352BB8,0x052B4C,0x8A953F,0x0E9552,0x06AA48,0x6AD53C, # //*1951-1960*/
    18 0x0AB54F,0x04B645,0x4A5739,0x0A574D,0x052642,0x3E9335,0x0D9549,0x75AABE,0x056A51,0x096D46, # //*1961-1970*/
    19 0x54AEBB,0x04AD4F,0x0A4D43,0x4D26B7,0x0D254B,0x8D52BF,0x0B5452,0x0B6A47,0x696D3C,0x095B50, # //*1971-1980*/
    20 0x049B45,0x4A4BB9,0x0A4B4D,0xAB25C2,0x06A554,0x06D449,0x6ADA3D,0x0AB651,0x093746,0x5497BB, # //*1981-1990*/
    21 0x04974F,0x064B44,0x36A537,0x0EA54A,0x86B2BF,0x05AC53,0x0AB647,0x5936BC,0x092E50,0x0C9645, # //*1991-2000*/
    22 0x4D4AB8,0x0D4A4C,0x0DA541,0x25AAB6,0x056A49,0x7AADBD,0x025D52,0x092D47,0x5C95BA,0x0A954E, # //*2001-2010*/
    23 0x0B4A43,0x4B5537,0x0AD54A,0x955ABF,0x04BA53,0x0A5B48,0x652BBC,0x052B50,0x0A9345,0x474AB9, # //*2011-2020*/
    24 0x06AA4C,0x0AD541,0x24DAB6,0x04B64A,0x69573D,0x0A4E51,0x0D2646,0x5E933A,0x0D534D,0x05AA43, # //*2021-2030*/
    25 0x36B537,0x096D4B,0xB4AEBF,0x04AD53,0x0A4D48,0x6D25BC,0x0D254F,0x0D5244,0x5DAA38,0x0B5A4C, # //*2031-2040*/
    26 0x056D41,0x24ADB6,0x049B4A,0x7A4BBE,0x0A4B51,0x0AA546,0x5B52BA,0x06D24E,0x0ADA42,0x355B37, # //*2041-2050*/
    27 0x09374B,0x8497C1,0x049753,0x064B48,0x66A53C,0x0EA54F,0x06B244,0x4AB638,0x0AAE4C,0x092E42, # //*2051-2060*/
    28 0x3C9735,0x0C9649,0x7D4ABD,0x0D4A51,0x0DA545,0x55AABA,0x056A4E,0x0A6D43,0x452EB7,0x052D4B, # //*2061-2070*/
    29 0x8A95BF,0x0A9553,0x0B4A47,0x6B553B,0x0AD54F,0x055A45,0x4A5D38,0x0A5B4C,0x052B42,0x3A93B6, # //*2071-2080*/
    30 0x069349,0x7729BD,0x06AA51,0x0AD546,0x54DABA,0x04B64E,0x0A5743,0x452738,0x0D264A,0x8E933E, # //*2081-2090*/
    31 0x0D5252,0x0DAA47,0x66B53B,0x056D4F,0x04AE45,0x4A4EB9,0x0A4D4C,0x0D1541,0x2D92B5 # //*2091-2099*/
    32 ]
    33 # 下面的三个表格是农历数据表 LunarCalendarTable 的结构。总共使用了32位整数的0~23位。
    34 #
    35 # 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
    36 # 表示春节的公历月份 表示春节的公历日期
    37 #
    38 # 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7
    39 # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
    40 # 农历1-13 月大小 。月份对应位为1,农历月大(30 天),为0 表示小(29 天)
    41 #
    42 # 23 22 21 20
    43 # 表示当年闰月月份,值为0 为则表示当年无闰月。
    44
    45 def get_month_days(year, month):
    46 global MONTH_DAYS;
    47 if(month==2):
    48 if(((year%4 == 0) and (year%100 != 0)) or (year%400 == 0)):
    49 return 29
    50 else:
    51 return 28
    52 else:
    53 return(MONTH_DAYS[month]);
    54
    55 def get_syear_days(syear):
    56 if(((syear%4 == 0) and (syear%100 != 0)) or (syear%400 == 0)):
    57 return 366
    58 else:
    59 return 365
    60
    61 def get_days_of_syear(syear, smonth, sday):
    62 """ get given day's number of sun year """
    63 days = 0
    64 for i in range(1, smonth):
    65 days += get_month_days(syear, i)
    66 days += sday
    67 return days
    68
    69 def get_days_of_lyear(syear, smonth, sday):
    70 """ get given day's number of the lunar year """
    71 global LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE
    72 lyear = syear
    73 spring_month = (LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE[syear-1901] & 0x60) >> 5
    74 spring_day = (LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE[syear-1901] & 0x1F)
    75 if ((spring_month > smonth) or ((spring_month == smonth) and (spring_day > sday))):
    76 # the day is before spring festival day, and is previous day in lunar year
    77 spring_month = (LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE[syear-1901 - 1] & 0x60) >> 5
    78 spring_day = (LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE[syear-1901 - 1] & 0x1F)
    79 lyear -= 1
    80 lunar_days = get_syear_days(lyear) + get_days_of_syear(syear, smonth, sday) \
    81 - get_days_of_syear(lyear, spring_month, spring_day)
    82 else:
    83 lunar_days = get_days_of_syear(syear, smonth, sday) \
    84 - get_days_of_syear(syear, spring_month, spring_day)
    85 lunar_days += 1 # consider current day
    86 return (lyear, lunar_days)
    87
    88 def get_lunar_date(syear, smonth, sday):
    89 if syear < 1901 or syear > 2099:
    90 return
    91 # lunar year, lunar days to spring festival
    92 lyear, lunar_days = get_days_of_lyear(syear, smonth, sday);
    93 l_double_month = (LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE[lyear-1901] >> 20 ) & 0xF
    94
    95 lmonth = lday = 1
    96 bits = 19
    97 month_begin_day = 0
    98 for lmonth in range(1, 14):
    99 l_month_big = (LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE[lyear-1901] >> bits) & 0x1
    100 if month_begin_day + 29 + l_month_big < lunar_days:
    101 lmonth += 1
    102 month_begin_day += 29 + l_month_big
    103 else:
    104 lday = lunar_days - month_begin_day
    105 break
    106 bits -= 1
    107 if l_double_month:
    108 # lunar double month adjust
    109 if l_double_month == lmonth - 1:
    110 lmonth -= 1
    111 lmonth += 100 # double month
    112 elif l_double_month < lmonth - 1:
    113 lmonth -= 1
    114 return (lyear, lmonth, lday)
    115
    116 if __name__ == "__main__":
    117 y,m,d = 2010, 9, 28
    118 print "Sun calendar 2010-9-28 == Lunar calendar ", get_lunar_date(y,m,d)
    119

    结果:Sun calendar 2010-9-28 == Lunar calendar  (2010, 8, 21)

    可以看一下结果是否正确: http://site.baidu.com/list/wannianli.htm


    6. Python版的农历日历Calendar

      1 #coding=utf-8
    2
    3 #参见:http://download.csdn.net/source/1178
    4
    5 #******************************************************************************
    6 # 下面为阴历计算所需的数据,为节省存储空间,所以采用下面比较变态的存储方法.
    7 #******************************************************************************
    8 #数组g_lunar_month_day存入阴历1901年到2050年每年中的月天数信息,
    9 #阴历每月只能是29或30天,一年用12(或13)个二进制位表示,对应位为1表30天,否则为29天
    10 g_lunar_month_day = [
    11 0x4ae0, 0xa570, 0x5268, 0xd260, 0xd950, 0x6aa8, 0x56a0, 0x9ad0, 0x4ae8, 0x4ae0, #1910
    12 0xa4d8, 0xa4d0, 0xd250, 0xd548, 0xb550, 0x56a0, 0x96d0, 0x95b0, 0x49b8, 0x49b0, #1920
    13 0xa4b0, 0xb258, 0x6a50, 0x6d40, 0xada8, 0x2b60, 0x9570, 0x4978, 0x4970, 0x64b0, #1930
    14 0xd4a0, 0xea50, 0x6d48, 0x5ad0, 0x2b60, 0x9370, 0x92e0, 0xc968, 0xc950, 0xd4a0, #1940
    15 0xda50, 0xb550, 0x56a0, 0xaad8, 0x25d0, 0x92d0, 0xc958, 0xa950, 0xb4a8, 0x6ca0, #1950
    16 0xb550, 0x55a8, 0x4da0, 0xa5b0, 0x52b8, 0x52b0, 0xa950, 0xe950, 0x6aa0, 0xad50, #1960
    17 0xab50, 0x4b60, 0xa570, 0xa570, 0x5260, 0xe930, 0xd950, 0x5aa8, 0x56a0, 0x96d0, #1970
    18 0x4ae8, 0x4ad0, 0xa4d0, 0xd268, 0xd250, 0xd528, 0xb540, 0xb6a0, 0x96d0, 0x95b0, #1980
    19 0x49b0, 0xa4b8, 0xa4b0, 0xb258, 0x6a50, 0x6d40, 0xada0, 0xab60, 0x9370, 0x4978, #1990
    20 0x4970, 0x64b0, 0x6a50, 0xea50, 0x6b28, 0x5ac0, 0xab60, 0x9368, 0x92e0, 0xc960, #2000
    21 0xd4a8, 0xd4a0, 0xda50, 0x5aa8, 0x56a0, 0xaad8, 0x25d0, 0x92d0, 0xc958, 0xa950, #2010
    22 0xb4a0, 0xb550, 0xb550, 0x55a8, 0x4ba0, 0xa5b0, 0x52b8, 0x52b0, 0xa930, 0x74a8, #2020
    23 0x6aa0, 0xad50, 0x4da8, 0x4b60, 0x9570, 0xa4e0, 0xd260, 0xe930, 0xd530, 0x5aa0, #2030
    24 0x6b50, 0x96d0, 0x4ae8, 0x4ad0, 0xa4d0, 0xd258, 0xd250, 0xd520, 0xdaa0, 0xb5a0, #2040
    25 0x56d0, 0x4ad8, 0x49b0, 0xa4b8, 0xa4b0, 0xaa50, 0xb528, 0x6d20, 0xada0, 0x55b0, #2050
    26 ]
    27
    28 #数组gLanarMonth存放阴历1901年到2050年闰月的月份,如没有则为0,每字节存两年
    29 g_lunar_month = [
    30 0x00, 0x50, 0x04, 0x00, 0x20, #1910
    31 0x60, 0x05, 0x00, 0x20, 0x70, #1920
    32 0x05, 0x00, 0x40, 0x02, 0x06, #1930
    33 0x00, 0x50, 0x03, 0x07, 0x00, #1940
    34 0x60, 0x04, 0x00, 0x20, 0x70, #1950
    35 0x05, 0x00, 0x30, 0x80, 0x06, #1960
    36 0x00, 0x40, 0x03, 0x07, 0x00, #1970
    37 0x50, 0x04, 0x08, 0x00, 0x60, #1980
    38 0x04, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x60, 0x05, #1990
    39 0x00, 0x30, 0x80, 0x05, 0x00, #2000
    40 0x40, 0x02, 0x07, 0x00, 0x50, #2010
    41 0x04, 0x09, 0x00, 0x60, 0x04, #2020
    42 0x00, 0x20, 0x60, 0x05, 0x00, #2030
    43 0x30, 0xb0, 0x06, 0x00, 0x50, #2040
    44 0x02, 0x07, 0x00, 0x50, 0x03 #2050
    45 ]
    46
    47 #==================================================================================
    48
    49 from datetime import date, datetime
    50 from calendar import Calendar as Cal
    51
    52 START_YEAR = 1901
    53
    54 def is_leap_year(tm):
    55 y = tm.year
    56 return (not (y % 4)) and (y % 100) or (not (y % 400))
    57
    58 def show_month(tm):
    59 (ly, lm, ld) = get_ludar_date(tm)
    60 print
    61 print u"%d年%d月%d日" % (tm.year, tm.month, tm.day), week_str(tm),
    62 print u"\t农历:", y_lunar(ly), m_lunar(lm), d_lunar(ld)
    63 print
    64 print u"日\t一\t二\t三\t四\t五\t六"
    65
    66 c = Cal()
    67 ds = [d for d in c.itermonthdays(tm.year, tm.month)]
    68 count = 0
    69 for d in ds:
    70 count += 1
    71 if d == 0:
    72 print "\t",
    73 continue
    74
    75 (ly, lm, ld) = get_ludar_date(datetime(tm.year, tm.month, d))
    76 if count % 7 == 0:
    77 print
    78
    79 d_str = str(d)
    80 if d == tm.day:
    81 d_str = u"*" + d_str
    82 print d_str + d_lunar(ld) + u"\t",
    83 print
    84
    85 def this_month():
    86 show_month(datetime.now())
    87
    88 def week_str(tm):
    89 a = u'星期一 星期二 星期三 星期四 星期五 星期六 星期日'.split()
    90 return a[tm.weekday()]
    91
    92 def d_lunar(ld):
    93 a = u'初一 初二 初三 初四 初五 初六 初七 初八 初九 初十\
    94 十一 十二 十三 十四 十五 十六 十七 十八 十九 廿十\
    95 廿一 廿二 廿三 廿四 廿五 廿六 廿七 廿八 廿九 三十'.split()
    96 return a[ld - 1]
    97
    98 def m_lunar(lm):
    99 a = u'正月 二月 三月 四月 五月 六月 七月 八月 九月 十月 十一月 十二月'.split()
    100 return a[lm - 1]
    101
    102 def y_lunar(ly):
    103 y = ly
    104 tg = u'甲 乙 丙 丁 戊 己 庚 辛 壬 癸'.split()
    105 dz = u'子 丑 寅 卯 辰 巳 午 未 申 酉 戌 亥'.split()
    106 sx = u'鼠 牛 虎 免 龙 蛇 马 羊 猴 鸡 狗 猪'.split()
    107 return tg[(y - 4) % 10] + dz[(y - 4) % 12] + u' ' + sx[(y - 4) % 12] + u''
    108
    109 def date_diff(tm):
    110 return (tm - datetime(1901, 1, 1)).days
    111
    112 def get_leap_month(lunar_year):
    113 flag = g_lunar_month[(lunar_year - START_YEAR) / 2]
    114 if (lunar_year - START_YEAR) % 2:
    115 return flag & 0x0f
    116 else:
    117 return flag >> 4
    118
    119 def lunar_month_days(lunar_year, lunar_month):
    120 if (lunar_year < START_YEAR):
    121 return 30
    122
    123 high, low = 0, 29
    124 iBit = 16 - lunar_month;
    125
    126 if (lunar_month > get_leap_month(lunar_year) and get_leap_month(lunar_year)):
    127 iBit -= 1
    128
    129 if (g_lunar_month_day[lunar_year - START_YEAR] & (1 << iBit)):
    130 low += 1
    131
    132 if (lunar_month == get_leap_month(lunar_year)):
    133 if (g_lunar_month_day[lunar_year - START_YEAR] & (1 << (iBit -1))):
    134 high = 30
    135 else:
    136 high = 29
    137
    138 return (high, low)
    139
    140 def lunar_year_days(year):
    141 days = 0
    142 for i in range(1, 13):
    143 (high, low) = lunar_month_days(year, i)
    144 days += high
    145 days += low
    146 return days
    147
    148 def get_ludar_date(tm):
    149 span_days = date_diff(tm)
    150
    151 #阳历1901年2月19日为阴历1901年正月初一
    152 #阳历1901年1月1日到2月19日共有49天
    153 if (span_days <49):
    154 year = START_YEAR - 1
    155 if (span_days <19):
    156 month = 11;
    157 day = 11 + span_days
    158 else:
    159 month = 12;
    160 day = span_days - 18
    161 return (year, month, day)
    162
    163 #下面从阴历1901年正月初一算起
    164 span_days -= 49
    165 year, month, day = START_YEAR, 1, 1
    166 #计算年
    167 tmp = lunar_year_days(year)
    168 while span_days >= tmp:
    169 span_days -= tmp
    170 year += 1
    171 tmp = lunar_year_days(year)
    172
    173 #计算月
    174 (foo, tmp) = lunar_month_days(year, month)
    175 while span_days >= tmp:
    176 span_days -= tmp
    177 if (month == get_leap_month(year)):
    178 (tmp, foo) = lunar_month_days(year, month)
    179 if (span_days < tmp):
    180 return (0, 0, 0)
    181 span_days -= tmp
    182 month += 1
    183 (foo, tmp) = lunar_month_days(year, month)
    184
    185 #计算日
    186 day += span_days
    187 return (year, month, day)
    188
    189 #功能简单,只打印当月的
    190 this_month()
    
     
    

    7.计算年龄

     1 from time import *
    2 #a function to find your age
    3 def age():
    4 print "Enter Your Date of Birth"
    5 d=input("Day:")
    6 m=input("Month:")
    7 y=input("Year:")
    8 #get the current time in tuple format
    9 a=gmtime()
    10 #difference in day
    11 dd=a[2]-d
    12 #difference in month
    13 dm=a[1]-m
    14 #difference in year
    15 dy=a[0]-y
    16 #checks if difference in day is negative
    17 if dd<0:
    18 dd=dd+30
    19 dm=dm-1
    20 #checks if difference in month is negative when difference in day is also negative
    21 if dm<0:
    22 dm=dm+12
    23 dy=dy-1
    24 #checks if difference in month is negative when difference in day is positive
    25 if dm<0:
    26 dm=dm+12
    27 dy=dy-1
    28 print "Your current age is %s Years %s Months & %s Days"%(dy,dm,dd)
    29
    30 age()
    31

     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/txw1958/p/2216321.html
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