LNMP企业应用部署全过程（基于DEDE后台）

 系统环境说明：

os：centos 5.6

nginx：nginx-1.0.11

php：php-5.3.9

mysql：mysql-5.5.20

文档导读：

一 准备工作

二 基础软件包安装

三 安装Nginx

四 MySQL安装

五 安装PHP

六 企业网站部署

七 压力测试webbench

八 优化mysql，nginx，php配置及防火墙配置（略）

九 维护常用命令

一、准备工作（仅作参考）

1、删除系统自带软件

rpm -qa httpd mysql php nginx

先停止服务，卸载软件命令：rpm -e httpd --nodeps

2、yum源

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

服务器需要yum的时候也不多，所以并不需要去设置。

国内镜像：http://mirrors.163.com   http://mirrors.sohu.com

3、设置CentOS默认语言

cp /etc/sysconfig/i18n /etc/sysconfig/i18n_bak

vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n 

LANG="en_US.UTF-8" 

SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"

默认的语言是英文，如果把第一行改为"LANG=”zh_CN.UTF-8”"，则本机上的shell可以看到正常的中文，但通过ssh连上就会发现所有的汉字变成乱码了;则再改为"LANG="zh_CN.GB18030"",重新登陆即可发现一切OK。

4、安装vim

Centos里的VI只默认安装了vim-minimal－7.x。所以无论是输入vi或者 vim查看文件，syntax功能都无法正常启用。因此需要用yum安装另外两个组件：vim-common-7.x和vim-enhanced- 7.x

yum -y install vim*

查看最近yum安装过的软件包

more /var/log/yum.log

5、时间同步

#当前时区调整为上海就是+8区

cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

#利用ntpdate同步标准时间

ntpdate us.pool.ntp.org

注意：需要安装ntp-4.2.2p1-9.el5.centos.2.1.i386.rpm

或yum install -y ntp

加入定时计划任务，每隔10分钟同步一下时钟

crontab -e

0 23 * * * /bin/bash /usr/sbin/ntpdate us.pool.ntp.org | logger -t NTP

（升级系统软件包，服务和用户安全设置在此不涉及）

二 基础软件包安装

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

yum -y install make crontabs wget

其中wget看你使用情况，可以不装，openssl-devel对于不需要ssl安全连接的也可以不装，libtool一般在安装到nginxphpmysql前会安装上去，所以这里也不用安装。make是编译所用，cmake是编译MySQL时用到，ncurses-devel也是。autoconf是编译eaccelerator时用到，crontabs为计划任务，日志分割所用。

附带介绍：

#检查是否安装gcc

gcc -v

#查询SELinux开启情况

getenforce

三、安装Nginx

1.创建nginx所需用户及目录

/usr/sbin/groupadd www

/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/html

chmod +w /data0/htdocs/html

chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/html

mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/web

chmod +w /data0/htdocs/web

chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/web

mkdir -p /data1/logs

chmod +w /data1/logs

chown -R www:www /data1/logs

2.安装nginx所需pcre

tar zxvf pcre-8.21.tar.gz && cd pcre-8.21/

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

3.开始安装nginx

tar zxvf nginx-1.0.11.tar.gz && cd nginx-1.0.11/

./configure --user=www --group=www

--prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx

--with-http_stub_status_module

--with-http_ssl_module

make

make install

cd ../

4.配置nginx

cd /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/

mv nginx.conf nginx.conf_bak

vim nginx.conf

输入以下内容：

user  www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log  /data1/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;

pid        /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. 

worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events 

{

  use epoll;

  worker_connections 65535;

}

http 

{

  include       mime.types;

  default_type  application/octet-stream;

  #charset  gb2312;

      

  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

  client_header_buffer_size 32k;

  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

  client_max_body_size 8m;

      

  sendfile on;

  tcp_nopush     on;

  keepalive_timeout 60;

  tcp_nodelay on;

  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;

  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

  gzip on;

  gzip_min_length  1k;

  gzip_buffers     4 16k;

  gzip_http_version 1.0;

  gzip_comp_level 2;

  gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

  gzip_vary on;

  #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;

 

  server

  {

    listen       80 default;

    server_name  _;

   # index index.html index.htm index.php;

    return 404;

  }

  

  server

  {

    listen       888;

    server_name  _;

   # index index.html index.htm index.php;

    return 404;

  }

  include vhost/*.conf;

  include vhost/admin/*.conf;

  include vhost/html/*.conf;

}

5.前后台分离配置文件

cd /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf

#前台配置文件

vim server.html.conf

输入以下内容：

index index.html index.htm index.php;

location ~ /.ht {

    deny all;

}

location ~ .*.(sqlite|sq3)$ {

    deny all;

}

location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$ {

    deny all;

}

    location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$

    {

      expires      30d;

    }

    location ~ .*.(js|css)?$

    {

      expires      1h;

    }

#后台配置文件

vim  server.conf

输入以下内容：

index index.html index.htm index.php;

location ~ /.ht {

    deny all;

}

location ~ .*.(sqlite|sq3)$ {

    deny all;

}

    location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$

    {

      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

      fastcgi_index index.php;

      include fastcgi.conf;

    }

    location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$

    {

      expires      30d;

    }

    location ~ .*.(js|css)?$

    {

      expires      1h;

    }

6.启动Nginx服务并检查

ulimit -SHn 65535

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

ps -ef |grep nginx

7.简单站点部署测试

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/vhost/html

cd /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/vhost/html

vim onbing.com.conf

输入以下内容：

server

  {

    listen 80;

    server_name  www.onbing.com onbing.com;

    index index.html index.htm  ;

    root  /data0/htdocs/html/onbing.com;

    

    include server.html.conf;  

    log_format html_onbing '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request"'

              '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

              '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

    access_log  /data1/logs/access_html_onbing.log  html_onbing;

  }

#网站文件存放目录

mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/html/onbing.com

vim /data0/htdocs/html/onbing.com/index.html

输入以下内容：

<html>

<head><title>onbing</title></head>

<body bgcolor="white">

<center><h1>welcome to nginx</h1></center>

</body>

</html>

chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/html/onbing.com

#配置文件测试并重载

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

注意：

1）.测试时关闭iptables

/etc/init.d/iptables stop

2）.域名做hosts指向

192.168.1.24  onbing.com

192.168.1.24  www.onbing.com

3）.测试命令

curl -I www.onbing.com

8.nginx日志分割

mkdir -p /data0/sh

cd /data0/sh

vim cut_nginx_log.sh

#!/bin/bash

# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path

logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/

mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log

kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

#检查crond服务是否启动

service crond status

#编辑任务计划

crontab -e

输入以下内容：

0 0 * * * /bin/bash /data0/sh/cut_nginx_log.sh

四、MySQL安装

#检查并更新安装mysql所需要依赖的软件包

yum install -y automake autoconf libtool ncurses-devel libxslt groff pcre-devel

#安装cmake，后面安装mysql配置时需要使用

#CMAKE安装MySQL的配置参数说明：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_53b13d950100we05.html

tar zxvf cmake-2.8.7.tar.gz && cd cmake-2.8.7/

./configure

gmake && gmake install  && cd ../

#创建mysql用户和组

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql

/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql

说明：设置mysql用户密码：/usr/bin/passwd mysql

#创建webserver目录，将nginx，php，mysql均安装到此目录

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver

#创建mysql数据存放目录

mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/

mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/

mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/

chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/

#开始安装mysql-5.5.20

tar zxvf mysql-5.5.20.tar.gz && cd mysql-5.5.20/

/usr/local/bin/cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/

-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data0/mysql/3306/data/

-DSYSCONFDIR=/data0/mysql/3306/

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1

make

make install

cd ../

说明：如果编译失败，删除文件重新编译：rm -f CMakeCache.txt

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql

chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql

#以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data --user=mysql

#创建my.cnf配置文件：

vim /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf

输入以下内容：

[client]

#character-set-server = utf8

port    = 3306

socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

#character-set-server = utf8

replicate-ignore-db = mysql

replicate-ignore-db = test

replicate-ignore-db = information_schema

user    = mysql

port    = 3306

socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock

basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql

datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data

log-error = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log

pid-file = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql.pid

open_files_limit    = 10240

back_log = 600

max_connections = 5000

max_connect_errors = 6000

table_cache = 614

external-locking = FALSE

max_allowed_packet = 32M

sort_buffer_size = 1M

join_buffer_size = 1M

thread_cache_size = 300

#thread_concurrency = 8

query_cache_size = 512M

query_cache_limit = 2M

query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k

default-storage-engine = MyISAM

thread_stack = 192K

transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

tmp_table_size = 246M

max_heap_table_size = 246M

long_query_time = 3

log-slave-updates

log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog

binlog_cache_size = 4M

binlog_format = MIXED

max_binlog_cache_size = 8M

max_binlog_size = 1G

relay-log-index = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog

relay-log-info-file = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog

relay-log = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog

expire_logs_days = 30

key_buffer_size = 256M

read_buffer_size = 1M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M

myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G

myisam_repair_threads = 1

myisam_recover

interactive_timeout = 120

wait_timeout = 120

skip-name-resolve

#master-connect-retry = 10

slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396

#master-host     =   192.168.1.2

#master-user     =   username

#master-password =   password

#master-port     =  3306

server-id = 1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend

innodb_file_io_threads = 4

innodb_thread_concurrency = 8

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_log_file_size = 128M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

innodb_file_per_table = 0

#log-slow-queries = /data0/mysql/3306/slow.log

#long_query_time = 10

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 32M

#创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本：

vim /data0/mysql/3306/mysql

输入以下内容（这里的用户名bingadmin和密码TQHQoYc55SR68S3M接下来的步骤会创建）：

#!/bin/sh

mysql_port=3306

mysql_username="bingadmin"

mysql_password="TQHQoYc55SR68S3M"

function_start_mysql()

{

    printf "Starting MySQL... "

    /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &

}

function_stop_mysql()

{

    printf "Stoping MySQL... "

    /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown

}

function_restart_mysql()

{

    printf "Restarting MySQL... "

    function_stop_mysql

    sleep 5

    function_start_mysql

}

if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then

    function_start_mysql

elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then

    function_stop_mysql

elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then

function_restart_mysql

elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then

function_kill_mysql

else

    printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start&#124;stop&#124;restart&#124;kill} "

fi

#赋予shell脚本可执行权限

chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql

#启动MySQL

/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start

#通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p

#创建一个具有root权限的用户（bingadmin）和密码（TQHQoYc55SR68S3M）

grant SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,DROP,INDEX,ALTER,CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES on *.* to 'bingadmin'@'localhost' identified by 'TQHQoYc55SR68S3M';

grant SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,DROP,INDEX,ALTER,CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES on *.* to 'bingadmin'@'127.0.0.1' identified by 'TQHQoYc55SR68S3M';

flush privileges;

说明：

1.每个数据库使用独立的数据库管理员，且分配如下权限（按实际分配）：

select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,index,alter,grant,references,reload,shutdown,process,file等14个权限

2.mysql数据库用户root密码必须修改

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password n53s8mOE4Dh7qw

#停止MySQL命令

/data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop

service mysqld stop

/etc/init.d/mysqld stop

五、安装PHP

安装php所依赖的软件：

1.安装libiconv

tar xzvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz && cd libiconv-1.14

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/lib/libiconv

make && make install && cd ../

2.安装libmcrypt

tar xzvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz && cd libmcrypt-2.5.8

./configure

make && make install && cd ../

3.安装mhash

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz && cd mhash-0.9.9.9

./configure

make && make install && cd ../

4.安装mcrypt

tar -zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz && cd mcrypt-2.6.8

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib ./configure

make && make install && cd ../

5.开始安装php

tar xzvf php-5.3.9.tar.gz && cd php-5.3.9

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php

--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc

--with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql

--with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config

--enable-mbstring

--with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/webserver/lib/libxml2

--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local

--enable-fpm

--with-zlib-dir=/usr/local/webserver/lib/zlib

--enable-zip

--with-mcrypt

--with-freetype-dir

--with-jpeg-dir

--with-png-dir

--enable-xml

--with-gd

--enable-gd-native-ttf

--with-mhash

make

make install

**********************************

（1）找不到“-liconv”

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -liconv

collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

make: *** [sapi/fpm/php-fpm] Error 1

解决办法：make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'

（2）编译php错误/usr/bin/ld:cannot find -lltdl

错误提示是在./configure 后make的时候出现

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lltdl

collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

分析：

系统缺乏对应的库文件；

版本不对应；

库文件的链接错误；

库文件路径设置问题；

解决：

1）确认libltdl库文件是否存在

ll /usr/lib/libltdl*

ll /usr/lib/local/libltdl*

或者其他自定义的lib下有无libltdl.so

如果存在类似如libltdl.so.1，那么可以通过ln -sv libltdl.so.1 libltdl.so，建立一个连接重建libltdl.so

2）检查/etc/ld.so.conf中的库文件路径是否正确

可以直接将以下路径添加：

/usr/lib

/usr/local/lib

重建ld.so.cache文件：ldconfig

说明：重建ld.so.cache文件，ld的库文件检索目录存放文件。尤其刚刚编译安装的软件，必须运行ldconfig，才能将新安装的库文件导入ld.so.cache.

3）如果没有找到任何库文件，请执行下面

cd /tools/libmcrypt-2.5.8/libltdl

./configure --enable-ltdl-install

make && make install

*****************************************************

cp php.ini-production /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

cp /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

#存放pid和日志文件

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/php/logs

vim /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

修改内容为如下：

pid  /usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid

error_log  /usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log

pm.max_children = 64 

pm.start_servers = 20

pm.min_spare_servers = 5

pm.max_spare_servers = 35

pm.max_requests = 1024

user = www

group = www 

************************************************************

安装PHP5扩展模块：

1.安装eaccelerator

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2 && cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared

--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make && make install && cd ../

************************************************************

2.安装zend

wget http://downloads.zend.com/guard/5.5.0/ZendGuardLoader-php-5.3-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz

tar zxvf ZendGuardLoader-php-5.3-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz

mv ZendGuardLoader-php-5.3-linux-glibc23-i386/php-5.3.x/ZendGuardLoader.so /usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions

#缓存目录，下面需要使用到此目录

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache

vim /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

按shift+g添加以下内容：

zend_loader.enable=1

zend_loader.disable_licensing=0

zend_loader.obfuscation_level_support=3

zend_loader.license_path=

zend_extension=/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/ZendGuardLoader.so

zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/eaccelerator.so"

  eaccelerator.shm_size="16"

  eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"

  eaccelerator.enable="1"

  eaccelerator.optimizer="1"

  eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"

  eaccelerator.debug="0"

  eaccelerator.filter=""

  eaccelerator.shm_max="0"

  eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0"

  eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0"

  eaccelerator.shm_only="0"

#启动php并验证

/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm

说明：启动php-fpm时出现ZendGuardLoader.so: cannot restore segment prot after reloc: Permission denied

关闭selinux即可，具体操作如下：

vim /etc/selinux/config

将SELINUX=enforcing 改成SELINUX=disabled

setenforce 0

ps -ef |grep php

netstat -anp |grep 127.0.0.1:9000

#设置nginx，mysql和php开机启动

vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm

/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start

（因字数限制后面内容请见附件）

附件：http://down.51cto.com/data/2360001

本文转自自由心行博客51CTO博客，原文链接http://blog.51cto.com/xiaojiang2008/798470如需转载请自行联系原作者

xiaojiang