吴裕雄--天生自然 PYTHON3开发学习：MySQL

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",       # 数据库主机地址
  user="yourusername",    # 数据库用户名
  passwd="yourpassword"   # 数据库密码
)
 
print(mydb)

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456"
)
 
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("CREATE DATABASE runoob_db")

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456"
)
 
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("SHOW DATABASES")
 
for x in mycursor:
  print(x)

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("CREATE TABLE sites (name VARCHAR(255), url VARCHAR(255))")

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("SHOW TABLES")
 
for x in mycursor:
  print(x)

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("ALTER TABLE sites ADD COLUMN id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY")

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("CREATE TABLE sites (id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(255), url VARCHAR(255))")

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "INSERT INTO sites (name, url) VALUES (%s, %s)"
val = ("RUNOOB", "https://www.runoob.com")
mycursor.execute(sql, val)
 
mydb.commit()    # 数据表内容有更新，必须使用到该语句
 
print(mycursor.rowcount, "记录插入成功。")

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "INSERT INTO sites (name, url) VALUES (%s, %s)"
val = [
  ('Google', 'https://www.google.com'),
  ('Github', 'https://www.github.com'),
  ('Taobao', 'https://www.taobao.com'),
  ('stackoverflow', 'https://www.stackoverflow.com/')
]
 
mycursor.executemany(sql, val)
 
mydb.commit()    # 数据表内容有更新，必须使用到该语句
 
print(mycursor.rowcount, "记录插入成功。")

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "INSERT INTO sites (name, url) VALUES (%s, %s)"
val = ("Zhihu", "https://www.zhihu.com")
mycursor.execute(sql, val)
 
mydb.commit()
 
print("1 条记录已插入, ID:", mycursor.lastrowid)

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("SELECT * FROM sites")
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchall()     # fetchall() 获取所有记录
 
for x in myresult:
  print(x)

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("SELECT name, url FROM sites")
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchall()
 
for x in myresult:
  print(x)

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("SELECT * FROM sites")
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchone()
 
print(myresult)

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "SELECT * FROM sites WHERE name ='RUNOOB'"
 
mycursor.execute(sql)
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchall()
 
for x in myresult:
  print(x)

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "SELECT * FROM sites WHERE url LIKE '%oo%'"
 
mycursor.execute(sql)
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchall()
 
for x in myresult:
  print(x)

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "SELECT * FROM sites WHERE name = %s"
na = ("RUNOOB", )
 
mycursor.execute(sql, na)
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchall()
 
for x in myresult:
  print(x)

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "SELECT * FROM sites ORDER BY name"
 
mycursor.execute(sql)
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchall()
 
for x in myresult:
  print(x)

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "SELECT * FROM sites ORDER BY name DESC"
 
mycursor.execute(sql)
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchall()
 
for x in myresult:
  print(x)

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("SELECT * FROM sites LIMIT 3")
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchall()
 
for x in myresult:
  print(x)

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 Python3 CGI编程 Python3 MySQL 数据库连接 – PyMySQL 驱动 
Python MySQL - mysql-connector 驱动
MySQL 是最流行的关系型数据库管理系统，如果你不不熟悉 MySQL，可以阅读我们的 MySQL 教程。

本章节我们为大家介绍使用 mysql-connector 来连接使用 MySQL， mysql-connector 是 MySQL 官方提供的驱动器。

我们可以使用 pip 命令来安装 mysql-connector：

python -m pip install mysql-connector
使用以下代码测试 mysql-connector 是否安装成功：

demo_mysql_test.py:
import mysql.connector
执行以上代码，如果没有产生错误，表明安装成功。

创建数据库连接
可以使用以下代码来连接数据库：

demo_mysql_test.py:
import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",       # 数据库主机地址
  user="yourusername",    # 数据库用户名
  passwd="yourpassword"   # 数据库密码
)
 
print(mydb)
创建数据库
创建数据库使用 "CREATE DATABASE" 语句，以下创建一个名为 runoob_db 的数据库：

demo_mysql_test.py:
import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456"
)
 
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("CREATE DATABASE runoob_db")
创建数据库前我们也可以使用 "SHOW DATABASES" 语句来查看数据库是否存在：

demo_mysql_test.py:
输出所有数据库列表：

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456"
)
 
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("SHOW DATABASES")
 
for x in mycursor:
  print(x)
或者我们可以直接连接数据库，如果数据库不存在，会输出错误信息：

demo_mysql_test.py:
import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
创建数据表
创建数据表使用 "CREATE TABLE" 语句，创建数据表前，需要确保数据库已存在，以下创建一个名为 sites 的数据表：

demo_mysql_test.py:
import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("CREATE TABLE sites (name VARCHAR(255), url VARCHAR(255))")
执行成功后，我们可以看到数据库创建的数据表 sites，字段为 name 和 url。


我们也可以使用 "SHOW TABLES" 语句来查看数据表是否已存在：
demo_mysql_test.py:
import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("SHOW TABLES")
 
for x in mycursor:
  print(x)
主键设置
创建表的时候我们一般都会设置一个主键（PRIMARY KEY），我们可以使用 "INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY" 语句来创建一个主键，主键起始值为 1，逐步递增。

如果我们的表已经创建，我们需要使用 ALTER TABLE 来给表添加主键：

demo_mysql_test.py:
给 sites 表添加主键。

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("ALTER TABLE sites ADD COLUMN id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY")
如果你还未创建 sites 表，可以直接使用以下代码创建。

demo_mysql_test.py:
给表创建主键。

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("CREATE TABLE sites (id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(255), url VARCHAR(255))")
插入数据
插入数据使用 "INSERT INTO" 语句：

demo_mysql_test.py:
向 sites 表插入一条记录。

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "INSERT INTO sites (name, url) VALUES (%s, %s)"
val = ("RUNOOB", "https://www.runoob.com")
mycursor.execute(sql, val)
 
mydb.commit()    # 数据表内容有更新，必须使用到该语句
 
print(mycursor.rowcount, "记录插入成功。")
执行代码，输出结果为：

1 记录插入成功
批量插入
批量插入使用 executemany() 方法，该方法的第二个参数是一个元组列表，包含了我们要插入的数据：

demo_mysql_test.py:
向 sites 表插入多条记录。

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "INSERT INTO sites (name, url) VALUES (%s, %s)"
val = [
  ('Google', 'https://www.google.com'),
  ('Github', 'https://www.github.com'),
  ('Taobao', 'https://www.taobao.com'),
  ('stackoverflow', 'https://www.stackoverflow.com/')
]
 
mycursor.executemany(sql, val)
 
mydb.commit()    # 数据表内容有更新，必须使用到该语句
 
print(mycursor.rowcount, "记录插入成功。")
执行代码，输出结果为：

4 记录插入成功。
执行以上代码后，我们可以看看数据表的记录：



如果我们想在数据记录插入后，获取该记录的 ID ，可以使用以下代码：

demo_mysql_test.py:
import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "INSERT INTO sites (name, url) VALUES (%s, %s)"
val = ("Zhihu", "https://www.zhihu.com")
mycursor.execute(sql, val)
 
mydb.commit()
 
print("1 条记录已插入, ID:", mycursor.lastrowid)
执行代码，输出结果为：

1 条记录已插入, ID: 6
查询数据
查询数据使用 SELECT 语句：

demo_mysql_test.py:
import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("SELECT * FROM sites")
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchall()     # fetchall() 获取所有记录
 
for x in myresult:
  print(x)
执行代码，输出结果为：

(1, 'RUNOOB', 'https://www.runoob.com')
(2, 'Google', 'https://www.google.com')
(3, 'Github', 'https://www.github.com')
(4, 'Taobao', 'https://www.taobao.com')
(5, 'stackoverflow', 'https://www.stackoverflow.com/')
(6, 'Zhihu', 'https://www.zhihu.com')
也可以读取指定的字段数据：

demo_mysql_test.py:
import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("SELECT name, url FROM sites")
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchall()
 
for x in myresult:
  print(x)
执行代码，输出结果为：

('RUNOOB', 'https://www.runoob.com')
('Google', 'https://www.google.com')
('Github', 'https://www.github.com')
('Taobao', 'https://www.taobao.com')
('stackoverflow', 'https://www.stackoverflow.com/')
('Zhihu', 'https://www.zhihu.com')
如果我们只想读取一条数据，可以使用 fetchone() 方法：

demo_mysql_test.py:
import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("SELECT * FROM sites")
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchone()
 
print(myresult)
执行代码，输出结果为：

(1, 'RUNOOB', 'https://www.runoob.com')
where 条件语句
如果我们要读取指定条件的数据，可以使用 where 语句：

demo_mysql_test.py
读取 name 字段为 RUNOOB 的记录：

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "SELECT * FROM sites WHERE name ='RUNOOB'"
 
mycursor.execute(sql)
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchall()
 
for x in myresult:
  print(x)
执行代码，输出结果为：

(1, 'RUNOOB', 'https://www.runoob.com')
也可以使用通配符 %：

demo_mysql_test.py
import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "SELECT * FROM sites WHERE url LIKE '%oo%'"
 
mycursor.execute(sql)
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchall()
 
for x in myresult:
  print(x)
执行代码，输出结果为：

(1, 'RUNOOB', 'https://www.runoob.com')
(2, 'Google', 'https://www.google.com')
为了防止数据库查询发生 SQL 注入的攻击，我们可以使用 %s 占位符来转义查询的条件：

demo_mysql_test.py
import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "SELECT * FROM sites WHERE name = %s"
na = ("RUNOOB", )
 
mycursor.execute(sql, na)
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchall()
 
for x in myresult:
  print(x)
排序
查询结果排序可以使用 ORDER BY 语句，默认的排序方式为升序，关键字为 ASC，如果要设置降序排序，可以设置关键字 DESC。

demo_mysql_test.py
按 name 字段字母的升序排序：

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "SELECT * FROM sites ORDER BY name"
 
mycursor.execute(sql)
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchall()
 
for x in myresult:
  print(x)
执行代码，输出结果为：

(3, 'Github', 'https://www.github.com')
(2, 'Google', 'https://www.google.com')
(1, 'RUNOOB', 'https://www.runoob.com')
(5, 'stackoverflow', 'https://www.stackoverflow.com/')
(4, 'Taobao', 'https://www.taobao.com')
(6, 'Zhihu', 'https://www.zhihu.com')
降序排序实例：

demo_mysql_test.py
按 name 字段字母的降序排序：

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "SELECT * FROM sites ORDER BY name DESC"
 
mycursor.execute(sql)
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchall()
 
for x in myresult:
  print(x)
执行代码，输出结果为：

(6, 'Zhihu', 'https://www.zhihu.com')
(4, 'Taobao', 'https://www.taobao.com')
(5, 'stackoverflow', 'https://www.stackoverflow.com/')
(1, 'RUNOOB', 'https://www.runoob.com')
(2, 'Google', 'https://www.google.com')
(3, 'Github', 'https://www.github.com')
Limit
如果我们要设置查询的数据量，可以通过 "LIMIT" 语句来指定

demo_mysql_test.py
读取前 3 条记录：

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("SELECT * FROM sites LIMIT 3")
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchall()
 
for x in myresult:
  print(x)
执行代码，输出结果为：

(1, 'RUNOOB', 'https://www.runoob.com')
(2, 'Google', 'https://www.google.com')
(3, 'Github', 'https://www.github.com')
也可以指定起始位置，使用的关键字是 OFFSET：

demo_mysql_test.py
从第二条开始读取前 3 条记录：

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
mycursor.execute("SELECT * FROM sites LIMIT 3 OFFSET 1")  # 0 为 第一条，1 为第二条，以此类推
 
myresult = mycursor.fetchall()
 
for x in myresult:
  print(x)

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "DELETE FROM sites WHERE name = 'stackoverflow'"
 
mycursor.execute(sql)
 
mydb.commit()
 
print(mycursor.rowcount, " 条记录删除")

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "DELETE FROM sites WHERE name = %s"
na = ("stackoverflow", )
 
mycursor.execute(sql, na)
 
mydb.commit()
 
print(mycursor.rowcount, " 条记录删除")

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "UPDATE sites SET name = 'ZH' WHERE name = 'Zhihu'"
 
mycursor.execute(sql)
 
mydb.commit()
 
print(mycursor.rowcount, " 条记录被修改")

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "UPDATE sites SET name = %s WHERE name = %s"
val = ("Zhihu", "ZH")
 
mycursor.execute(sql, val)
 
mydb.commit()
 
print(mycursor.rowcount, " 条记录被修改")

import mysql.connector
 
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="123456",
  database="runoob_db"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
 
sql = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS sites"  # 删除数据表 sites
 
mycursor.execute(sql)