• Redis穿透问题解决方案


    缓存穿透

     缓存穿透是指用户查询数据,在数据库没有,自然在缓存中也不会有。这样就导致用户查询的时候,在缓存中找不到,每次都要去数据库再查询一遍,然后返回空。这样请求就绕过缓存直接查数据库,这也是经常提的缓存命中率问题。

    解决的办法就是:如果查询数据库也为空,直接设置一个默认值存放到缓存,这样第二次到缓冲中获取就有值了,而不会继续访问数据库,这种办法最简单粗暴。

    把空结果,也给缓存起来,这样下次同样的请求就可以直接返回空了,即可以避免当查询的值为空时引起的缓存穿透。同时也可以单独设置个缓存区域存储空值,对要查询的key进行预先校验,然后再放行给后面的正常缓存处理逻辑。

    查询查不到的数据,在缓存中没有,而直接走了数据库! 反反复复的去这么做就崩溃了哦

    Redis穿透:

    4没有,redis中没有,然后去DB查询,会导致雪崩效应。称之为 穿透效应。

    穿透 产生的原因:客户端随机生成不同的key,在redis缓存中没有该数据,数据库也没有该数据。这样的话可能导致一直发生jdbc连接

    解决方案:

       1、通过网关判断客户端传入对应key的规则,不符合数据库查询规则,直接返回空 

       2、如果使用的key数据库查询不到的话,直接在redis中存一份null结果。 

          在存入id为4的数据库的时候,直接清除对应redis为4的缓存(此时是空哈)

    废话不多说,上代码:

     pom:

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      <groupId>com.toov5.architect</groupId>
      <artifactId>architect</artifactId>
      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <parent>
    		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    		<version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>
    	</parent>
    	<dependencies>
    		<!-- SpringBoot 对lombok 支持 -->
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<!-- SpringBoot web 核心组件 -->
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<!-- SpringBoot 外部tomcat支持 -->
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    			<artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<!-- springboot-log4j -->
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j</artifactId>
    			<version>1.3.8.RELEASE</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<!-- springboot-aop 技术 -->
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-lang/commons-lang -->
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
    			<artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
    			<version>2.6</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient -->
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    			<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson -->
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    			<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    			<version>1.2.47</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    			<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
    			<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
    			<version>1.1.2</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<!--开启 cache 缓存 -->
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<!-- ehcache缓存 -->
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
    			<artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
    			<version>2.9.1</version><!--$NO-MVN-MAN-VER$ -->
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    			<version>1.1.1</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<!-- mysql 依赖 -->
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
    			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<!-- redis 依赖 -->
    		<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    	</dependencies>
      
    </project>
    

     service:

     

    package com.toov5.service;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheCacheManager;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    import net.sf.ehcache.Cache;
    import net.sf.ehcache.Element;
    
    
    @Component
    public class EhCacheUtils {
    
        // @Autowired
        // private CacheManager cacheManager;
        @Autowired
        private EhCacheCacheManager ehCacheCacheManager;
    
        // 添加本地缓存 (相同的key 会直接覆盖)
        public void put(String cacheName, String key, Object value) {
            Cache cache = ehCacheCacheManager.getCacheManager().getCache(cacheName);
            Element element = new Element(key, value);
            cache.put(element);
        }
    
        // 获取本地缓存
        public Object get(String cacheName, String key) {
            Cache cache = ehCacheCacheManager.getCacheManager().getCache(cacheName);
            Element element = cache.get(key);
            return element == null ? null : element.getObjectValue();
        }
    
        public void remove(String cacheName, String key) {
            Cache cache = ehCacheCacheManager.getCacheManager().getCache(cacheName);
            cache.remove(key);
        }
    
    }
    package com.toov5.service;
    
    import java.util.Set;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    @Component
    public class RedisService {
    
        @Autowired
        private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
        //这样该方法支持多种数据类型 
        public void set(String key , Object object, Long time){
            //开启事务权限
            stringRedisTemplate.setEnableTransactionSupport(true);
            try {
                //开启事务
                stringRedisTemplate.multi();
                
                String argString =(String)object;  //强转下
                stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, argString);
                
                //成功就提交
                stringRedisTemplate.exec();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                //失败了就回滚
                stringRedisTemplate.discard();
                
            }
            if (object instanceof String ) {  //判断下是String类型不
                String argString =(String)object;  //强转下
                //存放String类型的
                stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, argString);
            }
            //如果存放Set类型
            if (object instanceof Set) {
                Set<String> valueSet =(Set<String>)object;
                for(String string:valueSet){
                    stringRedisTemplate.opsForSet().add(key, string);  //此处点击下源码看下 第二个参数可以放好多
                }
            }
            //设置有效期
            if (time != null) {
                stringRedisTemplate.expire(key, time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            }
            
        }
        //做个封装
        public void setString(String key, Object object){
            String argString =(String)object;  //强转下
            //存放String类型的
            stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, argString);
        }
        public void setSet(String key, Object object){
            Set<String> valueSet =(Set<String>)object;
            for(String string:valueSet){
                stringRedisTemplate.opsForSet().add(key, string);  //此处点击下源码看下 第二个参数可以放好多
            }
        }
        
        public String getString(String key){
         return    stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
        }
        
        
    }
    package com.toov5.service;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    import com.toov5.entity.Users;
    import com.toov5.mapper.UserMapper;
    
    import io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil;
    
    @Service
    public class SnowslideService {
        @Autowired
        private UserMapper userMapper; 
        @Autowired
        private RedisService redisService;
        
        private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        
        public String getUser01(Long id){
        //定义key, key以当前的类名+方法名+id+参数值
        String key = this.getClass().getName() + "-" + Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1].getMethodName()
                            + "-id:" + id;    
              //1查询redis
        String username = redisService.getString(key);
        if (!StringUtil.isNullOrEmpty(username)) {
            return username;
        }
        String resultUsaerName = null;
        try {
            //开启锁
            lock.lock();
            Users user = userMapper.getUser(id);
            if (username == null) {
                return null;
            }
            resultUsaerName =user.getName();
            redisService.setString(key, resultUsaerName);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
        }finally {
            //释放锁
            lock.unlock();
        }
              //3直接返回
        return resultUsaerName;
        }
        
        
        
    //穿透解决方案    
        public String getUser02(Long id){
        //定义key, key以当前的类名+方法名+id+参数值
        String key = this.getClass().getName() + "-" + Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1].getMethodName()
                            + "-id:" + id;    
              //1查询redis
        System.out.println("查询redis缓存"+"key"+key+".resultUserName");
        String username = redisService.getString(key);
        if (!StringUtil.isNullOrEmpty(username)) {
            return username;
        }
        String resultUsaerName = null;
        //如果数据库中,没有对应的数据信息的时候
           System.out.println("查询数据库:id"+id);
            Users user = userMapper.getUser(id);
            if (user == null) {
                resultUsaerName="${null}";  //做个标记  客户端识别到后 提示下吧
                
            }else {
                resultUsaerName=user.getName();
            }
            System.out.println("写入redis缓存"+"key"+key+".resultUserName"+resultUsaerName);
            redisService.setString(key, resultUsaerName);
    
              //3直接返回
        return resultUsaerName;
        }
        
        
    }
    package com.toov5.service;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
    import com.toov5.entity.Users;
    import com.toov5.mapper.UserMapper;
    
    
    import io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil;
    
    @Component
    public class UserService {
        @Autowired
        private EhCacheUtils ehCacheUtils;
        @Autowired
        private RedisService redisService;
        @Autowired
        private UserMapper userMapper;
        //定义个全局的cache名字
        private String cachename ="userCache";
        
        public Users getUser(Long id){
            //先查询一级缓存  key以当前的类名+方法名+id+参数值
            String key = this.getClass().getName() + "-" + Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1].getMethodName()
                    + "-id:" + id;
            //查询一级缓存数据有对应值的存在 如果有 返回
            Users user = (Users)ehCacheUtils.get(cachename, key);
            if (user != null) {
                System.out.println("key"+key+",直接从一级缓存获取数据"+user.toString());
                return user;
            }
            //一级缓存没有对应的值存在,接着查询二级缓存    
            // redis存对象的方式  json格式 然后反序列号
            String userJson = redisService.getString(key);
            //如果rdis缓存中有这个对应的值,修改一级缓存    最下面的会有的 相同会覆盖的    
            if (!StringUtil.isNullOrEmpty(userJson)) {  //有 转成json
                JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();//用的fastjson
                Users resultUser = jsonObject.parseObject(userJson,Users.class);
                ehCacheUtils.put(cachename, key, resultUser);
                return resultUser;
            }
            //都没有 查询DB 
            Users user1 = userMapper.getUser(id);
            if (user1 == null) {
                return null;
            }
            //保证两级缓存有效期相同!?   一级缓存时间-二级缓存执行的时间
            //一级缓存时间 等于 二级缓存剩下的时间   
            //存放到二级缓存 redis中
            redisService.setString(key, new JSONObject().toJSONString(user1));
            //存放到一级缓存 Ehchache
            ehCacheUtils.put(cachename, key, user1);
            return user1;
        }
        
        
        
    }

    mapper

    package com.toov5.mapper;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
    import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
    import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheConfig;
    import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
    
    import com.toov5.entity.Users;
    //引入的jar包后就有了这个注解了 非常好用 (配置缓存的基本信息)
    @CacheConfig(cacheNames={"userCache"})  //缓存的名字  整个类的
    public interface UserMapper {
        @Select("SELECT ID ,NAME,AGE FROM users where id=#{id}")
        @Cacheable //让这个方法实现缓存 查询完毕后 存入到缓存中  不是每个方法都需要缓存呀!save()就不用了吧
        Users getUser(@Param("id") Long id);
    }

    entity

    package com.toov5.entity;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    import lombok.Data;
    
    @Data
    public class Users implements Serializable{
      private String name;
      private Integer age;
    }

    controller

    package com.toov5.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import com.toov5.service.SnowslideService;
    
    @RestController
    public class UserRedisController {
       @Autowired
       private SnowslideService snowslideService;
       
       @RequestMapping("/getUser02")
       public String getUser02(Long id){
           return snowslideService.getUser02(id); 
       }
       
    }
    package com.toov5.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import com.toov5.entity.Users;
    import com.toov5.service.UserService;
    
    @RestController
    public class IndexController {
        @Autowired
        private UserService userService;
        
        @RequestMapping("/userId")
        public Users getUserId(Long id){
            return userService.getUser(id);  
        }
        
       
    }

    启动类

    package com.toov5.app;
    
    import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
    
    @EnableCaching //开启缓存
    @MapperScan(basePackages={"com.toov5.mapper"})
    @SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages={"com.toov5.*"})
    public class app {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(app.class, args);
    }
        
    }

    yml

    ###端口号配置
    server:
      port: 8080
    ###数据库配置 
    spring:
      datasource:
        url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
        username: root
        password: root
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
        test-while-idle: true
        test-on-borrow: true
        validation-query: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
        time-between-eviction-runs-millis: 300000
        min-evictable-idle-time-millis: 1800000
    # 缓存配置读取
      cache:
        type: ehcache
        ehcache:
          config: classpath:app1_ehcache.xml
      redis:
        database: 0 
        jedis:
          pool:
            max-active: 8
            max-wait: -1
            max-idle: 8
            min-idle: 0
        timeout: 10000
        cluster:
          nodes:
            - 192.168.91.5:9001
            - 192.168.91.5:9002
            - 192.168.91.5:9003
            - 192.168.91.5:9004
            - 192.168.91.5:9005
            - 192.168.91.5:9006
    

     

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://ehcache.org/ehcache.xsd">
    
    	<diskStore path="java.io.tmpdir/ehcache-rmi-4000" />
    
    
    	<!-- 默认缓存 -->
    	<defaultCache maxElementsInMemory="1000" eternal="true"
    		timeToIdleSeconds="120" timeToLiveSeconds="120" overflowToDisk="true"
    		diskSpoolBufferSizeMB="30" maxElementsOnDisk="10000000"
    		diskPersistent="true" diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="120"
    		memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
    	</defaultCache>
      
    	<!-- demo缓存 --><!-- name="userCache" 对应我们在 @CacheConfig(cacheNames={"userCache"}) !!!!! -->
    	<!--Ehcache底层也是用Map集合实现的 -->
    	<cache name="userCache" maxElementsInMemory="1000" eternal="false"
    		timeToIdleSeconds="120" timeToLiveSeconds="120" overflowToDisk="true"
    		diskSpoolBufferSizeMB="30" maxElementsOnDisk="10000000"
    		diskPersistent="false" diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="120"
    		memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">  <!-- LRU缓存策略 -->
    		<cacheEventListenerFactory
    			class="net.sf.ehcache.distribution.RMICacheReplicatorFactory" />
    		<!-- 用于在初始化缓存,以及自动设置 -->
    		<bootstrapCacheLoaderFactory
    			class="net.sf.ehcache.distribution.RMIBootstrapCacheLoaderFactory" />
    	</cache>
    </ehcache>
    

     再加一个拦截

    运行结果:

     

    把空结果,也给缓存起来,这样下次同样的请求就可以直接返回空了,即可以避免当查询的值为空时引起的缓存穿透。同时也可以单独设置个缓存区域存储空值,对要查询的key进行预先校验,然后再放行给后面的正常缓存处理逻辑。

    注意:再给对应的ip存放真值的时候,需要先清除对应的之前的空缓存。

    补充热点key

    热点key:某个key访问非常频繁,当key失效的时候有打量线程来构建缓存,导致负载增加,系统崩溃。

    解决办法:

    ①使用锁,单机用synchronized,lock等,分布式用分布式锁。

    ②缓存过期时间不设置,而是设置在key对应的value里。如果检测到存的时间超过过期时间则异步更新缓存。

    ③在value设置一个比过期时间t0小的过期时间值t1,当t1过期的时候,延长t1并做更新缓存操作。

     

     

  • 相关阅读:
    anaconda安装TensorFlow
    复习NLP-实战(三)
    复习NLP-实战(二)
    复习NLP-实战(一)
    python爬虫实战
    WebSocket实战(一)
    不上传图片直接本地预览
    oracle导出
    使用正则表达式验证学习成绩分数
    限制文本框,文本域输入的字符数量
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/toov5/p/9897104.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知