<tx:annotation-driven/> （Spring的XML配置里两大Bean的声明之一）
那我们是否就可以在程序中所有被spring管理的类(@Controller、@Service、@Component等等)上都可以使用@Transactional注解了呢，在Service上可以使用@Transactional 注解这个是肯定的了，那总有些人也想弄明白能否在Controller 使用？答案显然是“不一定”的（与时间配置有关），下面做下解释：
在 spring-framework-reference.pdf 文档上有这样一段话：
<tx:annotation-driven/> only looks for @Transactional on beans in the same application context it is defined in. This means that, if you put <tx:annotation-driven/> in a WebApplicationContext for a DispatcherServlet, it only checks for @Transactional beans in your controllers, and not your services.
意思就是：<tx:annoation-driven/>只会查找和它在相同的应用上下文件中定义的bean上面的@Transactional注解，如果你把它放在Dispatcher的应用上下文中，它只检查控制器（Controller）上的@Transactional注解，而不是你services上的@Transactional注解。
Bean初始化
总结：
1、Spring为bean提供了两种初始化bean的方式，实现InitializingBean接口，实现afterPropertiesSet方法，或者在配置文件中通过init-method指定，两种方式可以同时使用。
2、实现InitializingBean接口是直接调用afterPropertiesSet方法，比通过反射调用init-method指定的方法效率要高一点，但是init-method方式消除了对spring的依赖。
3、如果调用afterPropertiesSet方法时出错，则不调用init-method指定的方法。
后置处理器：
BeanPostProcessor API
public interface BeanPostProcessor { /** * Apply this BeanPostProcessor to the given new bean instance <i>before</i> any bean * initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's {@code afterPropertiesSet} * or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values. */ //实例化、依赖注入完毕，在调用显示的初始化之前完成一些定制的初始化任务 Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException; /** * Apply this BeanPostProcessor to the given new bean instance <i>after</i> any bean * initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's {@code afterPropertiesSet} * or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values. */ //实例化、依赖注入、初始化完毕时执行 Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException; }
由API可以看出:
1：后置处理器的postProcessorBeforeInitailization方法是在bean实例化，依赖注入之后及自定义初始化方法(例如：配置文件中bean标签添加init-method属性指定Java类中初始化方法、
@PostConstruct注解指定初始化方法，Java类实现InitailztingBean接口)之前调用
2：后置处理器的postProcessorAfterInitailization方法是在bean实例化、依赖注入及自定义初始化方法之后调用
注意：
1.BeanFactory和ApplicationContext两个容器对待bean的后置处理器稍微有些不同。ApplicationContext容器会自动检测Spring配置文件中那些bean所对应的Java类实现了BeanPostProcessor
接口，并自动把它们注册为后置处理器。在创建bean过程中调用它们，所以部署一个后置处理器跟普通的bean没有什么太大区别。
2.BeanFactory容器注册bean后置处理器时必须通过代码显示的注册，在IoC容器继承体系中的ConfigurableBeanFactory接口中定义了注册方法
注意：
1.BeanFactory和ApplicationContext两个容器对待bean的后置处理器稍微有些不同。ApplicationContext容器会自动检测Spring配置文件中那些bean所对应的Java类实现了BeanPostProcessor
接口，并自动把它们注册为后置处理器。在创建bean过程中调用它们，所以部署一个后置处理器跟普通的bean没有什么太大区别。
2.BeanFactory容器注册bean后置处理器时必须通过代码显示的注册，在IoC容器继承体系中的ConfigurableBeanFactory接口中定义了注册方法
/** * Add a new BeanPostProcessor that will get applied to beans created * by this factory. To be invoked during factory configuration. * <p>Note: Post-processors submitted here will be applied in the order of * registration; any ordering semantics expressed through implementing the * {@link org.springframework.core.Ordered} interface will be ignored. Note * that autodetected post-processors (e.g. as beans in an ApplicationContext) * will always be applied after programmatically registered ones. * @param beanPostProcessor the post-processor to register */ void addBeanPostProcessor(BeanPostProcessor beanPostProcessor);
Spring如何调用多个BeanPostProcessor实现类：
我们可以在Spring配置文件中添加多个BeanPostProcessor(后置处理器)接口实现类，在默认情况下Spring容器会根据后置处理器的定义顺序来依次调用。
Spring配置文件：
xml版本
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!-- bean定义 --> <bean id="narCodeService" class="com.test.service.impl.NarCodeServiceImpl"> </bean> <bean id="postProcessor" class="com.test.spring.PostProcessor"/> <bean id="postProcessorB" class="com.test.spring.PostProcessorB"/> </beans>
BeanPostProcessor实现类：
package com.test.spring; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor; /** * bean后置处理器 * @author zss * */ public class PostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor { @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("后置处理器处理bean=【"+beanName+"】开始"); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return bean; } @Override public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("后置处理器处理bean=【"+beanName+"】完毕!"); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return bean; } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- package com.test.spring; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor; public class PostProcessorB implements BeanPostProcessor { @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("后置处理器开始调用了"); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return bean; } @Override public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("后置处理器调用结束了"); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return bean; } }
测试：
package com.test.spring; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class T { AbstractApplicationContext applicationcontext=null; @Before public void before() { System.out.println("》》》Spring ApplicationContext容器开始初始化了......"); applicationcontext= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"test1-service.xml"}); System.out.println("》》》Spring ApplicationContext容器初始化完毕了......"); } @Test public void test() { applicationcontext.registerShutdownHook(); } }
在Spring机制中可以指定后置处理器调用顺序，通过让BeanPostProcessor接口实现类实现Ordered接口getOrder方法，该方法返回一整数，默认值为 0，优先级最高，值越大优先级越低
package com.test.spring; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor; import org.springframework.core.Ordered; /** * bean后置处理器 * @author zss * */ public class PostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor,Ordered{ @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("后置处理器处理bean=【"+beanName+"】开始"); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return bean; } @Override public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("后置处理器处理bean=【"+beanName+"】完毕!"); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return bean; } @Override public int getOrder() { return 1; } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- package com.test.spring; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor; import org.springframework.core.Ordered; public class PostProcessorB implements BeanPostProcessor,Ordered { @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("后置处理器开始调用了"); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return bean; } @Override public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("后置处理器调用结束了"); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return bean; } @Override public int getOrder() { return 0; } }
测试结果：