Implement regular expression matching with support for '.'
and '*'
.
'.' Matches any single character. '*' Matches zero or more of the preceding element. The matching should cover the entire input string (not partial). The function prototype should be: bool isMatch(const char *s, const char *p) Some examples: isMatch("aa","a") → false isMatch("aa","aa") → true isMatch("aaa","aa") → false isMatch("aa", "a*") → true isMatch("aa", ".*") → true isMatch("ab", ".*") → true isMatch("aab", "c*a*b") → true
这道题初学者或多或少都参考了网上的答案,主要难点有以下
一、要理解正则表达式中.和*的含义,“.”代表任意字符,但是“a*”代表“”,“a”,“aa”,“aaa”……这一点比较容易让人犯迷糊
二、必须完全比配,即isMatch("aa","aaa") → false
三、第一个参数String s 是不含有“.”和“*”,因此不要把程序复杂化
Java实现如下:
static public boolean isMatch(String s, String p) { // 如果从s长度入手,s.length() == 0时("","a*")、("","a*b*")都会返回true if (p.length() == 0) return s.length() == 0; else if (p.length() == 1) return s.length() == 1&& (p.charAt(0) == '.' || s.charAt(0) == p.charAt(0)); if (p.charAt(1) != '*') { if (s.length() == 0|| (p.charAt(0) != '.' && s.charAt(0) != p.charAt(0))) return false; return isMatch(s.substring(1), p.substring(1)); } else if (isMatch(s, p.substring(2))) return true; else { int i = 0; while (i < s.length()&& (p.charAt(0) == '.' || p.charAt(0) == s.charAt(i))) { if (isMatch(s.substring(i + 1), p.substring(2))) return true; i++; } } return false; }
C++面向对象:
1 class Solution { 2 public: 3 bool isMatch(string s, string p) { 4 if (p.length() == 0) 5 return s.length() == 0; 6 else if (p.length() == 1) 7 return s.length() == 1 && (p[0] == '.' || s[0] == p[0]); 8 if (p[1] != '*') { 9 if (s.length() == 0 || (p[0] != '.' && s[0] != p[0])) 10 return false; 11 return isMatch(s.substr(1), p.substr(1)); 12 } 13 else if (isMatch(s, p.substr(2))) 14 return true; 15 else { 16 int i = 0; 17 while (i < s.length() && (p[0] == '.' || p[0] == s[i])) { 18 if (isMatch(s.substr(i + 1), p.substr(2))) 19 return true; 20 i++; 21 } 22 } 23 return false; 24 } 25 };
C++ 面向过程(效率高):
1 class Solution { 2 public: 3 bool isMatch(const char *s, const char *p) { 4 if (!p[0]) 5 return !s[0]; 6 if (!p[1] || p[1] != '*') 7 return s[0] && (p[0] == '.' || s[0] == p[0])&& isMatch(++s, ++p); 8 while (s[0] && (p[0] == '.' || s[0] == p[0])) 9 if (isMatch(s++, p + 2)) 10 return true; 11 return isMatch(s, p + 2); 12 } 13 bool isMatch(string s, string p) { 14 return isMatch(s.data(), p.data()); 15 } 16 };