rabbitmq

AMQP 协议模型

server: 又称broker，作用是接受客户端连接。

channel :网络信道 ：几乎所有的操作都在channel上进行。客户端可以建立多个channel，每个channel代表一个会话任务，类似于数据库的session。

message：传递的实体数据，其结构由两部分组成 properties和body，前者是对消息的设置，比如消息的优先级，延迟等等。后者就是消息的内容。

virtual host：虚拟地址，用于逻辑隔离了(类似于redis的数据库的逻辑隔离) ，是最上层的消息路由，一个v host 可以有多个 exchange 和queue ，但是对于同一个 vhost 不能有相　同名称的exchange 和queue。

exchange ：交换机 作用是接受消息， 根据路由键转发消息到绑定的queue。

binding : exchange 和queue之间的虚拟连接 也可是exchange 与exchange之间连接，binding可以包含路由键(routing key)

routing key :路由规则

queue：也称message queue，消息队列。

rabbitmq的整体架构及消息的流转

 

centos下的rabbitmq的安装

yum install build-essential openssl openssl-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel make gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel m4 ncurses-devel tk tc xz

下载：

wget www.rabbitmq.com/releases/erlang/erlang-18.3-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

wget http://repo.iotti.biz/CentOS/7/x86_64/socat-1.7.3.2-5.el7.lux.x86_64.rpm

wget www.rabbitmq.com/releases/rabbitmq-server/v3.6.5/rabbitmq-server-3.6.5-1.noarch.rpm

rabbitmq与erlang版本的对应关系 见官网

http://www.rabbitmq.com/which-erlang.html

rpm-ivh  erlang-18.3-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

 yum -y install epel-release

yum -y install socat

rpm -ivh rabbitmq-server-3.6.5-1.noarch.rpm

修改配置文件：

vim /usr/lib/rabbitmq/lib/rabbitmq_server-3.6.5/ebin/rabbit.app

比如修改密码、配置等等，例如：loopback_users 中的 <<"guest">>,只保留guest

服务启动和停止：

启动 rabbitmq-server start &   或者  service rabbitmq-server start  rabbitmqctl start_app

可以看到 日志存放路径 日志名称默认是rabbit@主机名.log ,当然我们也可以修改主机名

停止 rabbitmqctl stop_app    或者  service rabbitmq-server stop 或者 kill -9

 lsof -i:5672

管理插件：rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management （打开管控台 才能访问管控台页面）

访问地址：http://116.62.220.199:15672/

密码和用户名均为 guest 

可以使用rabbitmqctl 命令， 来添加用户 删除用户 列出用户列表 清除用户权限等等 也可以对vhost 队列进行丰富的操作，是一个很丰富的命令。 这些命令在管控台都有对应的操作。

rabbitmqctl  reset 移除所有数据（须在rabbitmqctl start_app之后使用）

使用java客户端的hello world

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
            <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
            <version>3.6.5</version>
        </dependency>

package com.bujiang.magic.rabbitmq.quickstart;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Procuder {
    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
        //1 创建工厂 
        ConnectionFactory factory =new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("admin");
        factory.setPassword("admin");
        //2 从工厂获取连接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        //3 通过连接获取channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 通过channel发布数据
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
//            channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKey, props, body);
            //这里不指定exchange  只指定routingKey  这时mq走的是AMQP default模式  这种模式是routingKey 直接去queue里面找 找到就路由过去
            channel.basicPublish("", "test001", null, ("Hello MQ"+i).getBytes());
        }
        //关闭资源
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

public class Consumer {
    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
        //1 创建工厂 
        ConnectionFactory factory =new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("admin");
        factory.setPassword("admin");
        //2 从工厂获取连接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        //3 通过连接获取channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 创建一个队列
//        channel.queueDeclare(queue, durable, exclusive, autoDelete, arguments)
        String queueName = "test002";
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
        
        //5 创建消费者
        QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//        channel.basicConsume(queue, autoAck, callback)
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);
        
        //获取消息
        for(;;) {
            Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("消费端收到消息---"+msg);
            
            BasicProperties pros = delivery.getProperties();
            System.out.println(pros.toString());
            
            Envelope envelope = delivery.getEnvelope();
            System.out.println(envelope);
        }
        
        //关闭资源
//        channel.close();
//        connection.close();
    }
}

先启动 消费端 创建队列，再启动生产端 生产消息。

交换机

type 交换机的类型

direct ：直连模式要求生产者的routekey完全和消费者的routekey匹配才会被接收，否则直接抛弃。

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer4DirectExchange {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;  
        
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "direct";
        String queueName = "test_direct_queue";
        String routingKey = "test.direct";
        
        //表示声明了一个交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        //表示声明了一个队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        //建立一个绑定关系:
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);  
        //循环获取消息  
        while(true){  
            //获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞  
            Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();  
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());    
            System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg);  
        } 
    }
}

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer4DirectExchange {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String routingKey = "test.direct";//这里的key  如果与消费者的key不一致，那么消费者将收不到消息
        //5 发送
        
        String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4  Direct Exchange Message 111 ... ";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey , null , msg.getBytes());         
        
    }
    
}

topic 模式：所有发送到Topic Exchange 的消息被转发到所有关心的routeKey中指定的Topic的queue上，#匹配一个或者多个词，*匹配一个词，比如 log.#, 可以匹配log.aa  log.aa.bbb等等，而log.* 只能匹配到log.后面一个词 如log.txt 

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer4TopicExchange {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;  
        
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "topic";
        String queueName = "test_topic_queue";
        String routingKey = "user.*";
//        String routingKey = "user.#";//这里如果上一个user.* 使用过，然后现在使用user.#,那么这两个key将会同时存在
                                     //这显然会混淆，因此我们需要在管控台手动在queues或者exchange上解绑 
        // 1 声明交换机 
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        // 2 声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        // 3 建立交换机和队列的绑定关系:
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);  
        //循环获取消息  
        while(true){  
            //获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞  
            Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();  
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());    
            System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg);  
        } 
    }
}

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer4TopicExchange {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String routingKey1 = "user.save";
        String routingKey2 = "user.update";
        String routingKey3 = "user.delete.abc";
        //5 发送
        
        String msg = " Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Topic Exchange Message ...";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1 , null , (routingKey1+msg).getBytes()); 
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2 , null , (routingKey2+msg).getBytes());     
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3 , null , (routingKey3+msg).getBytes()); 
        channel.close();  
        connection.close();  
    }
    
}

fanout ：不处理路由键，只需要简单的将队列绑定到交换机上，发送到交换机的消息都会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上。这种模式的性能上最好的

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer4FanoutExchange {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;  
        
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "fanout";
        String queueName = "test_fanout_queue";
        String routingKey = "jjkjkasasa";    //不设置路由键 设不设置都无所谓
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer); 
        //循环获取消息  
        while(true){  
            //获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞  
            Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();  
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());    
            System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg);  
        } 
    }
}

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer4FanoutExchange {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        //5 发送
        for(int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
            String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 FANOUT Exchange Message ...";
            channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, "", null , msg.getBytes());//这里的routekey 设置不设置都无所谓        
        }
        channel.close();  
        connection.close();  
    }
    
}

headers 这种方式用的比较少

durability 持久化，为true 时，rabbitmq 重启后 数据依然存在

auto delete:当最后绑定到exchange 上的队列删除后 ，自动删除该exchange。这个与上面消费者代码的autodelete属性是相反的，当队列无任何exchange关联时，该队列自动删除

internal :这个属性基本是为false就可以了。

Message的其他属性

import java.util.Map;

import com.rabbitmq.client.BasicProperties;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        //1 创建一个ConnectionFactory, 并进行配置
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        //2 通过连接工厂创建连接
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        //3 通过connection创建一个Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        //4 声明（创建）一个队列
        String queueName = "test001";
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
        
        //5 创建消费者
        QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        
        //6 设置Channel
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);
        
        while(true){
            //7 获取消息
            Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.err.println("消费端: " + msg);
            BasicProperties properties = delivery.getProperties();
            Map<String, Object> headers = properties.getHeaders();
            System.err.println("headers get my1 value: " + headers.get("my1"));
            System.err.println(properties);
            //Envelope envelope = delivery.getEnvelope();
        }
        
    }
}

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Procuder {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1 创建一个ConnectionFactory, 并进行配置
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        //2 通过连接工厂创建连接
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        //3 通过connection创建一个Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        Map<String, Object> headers = new HashMap<>();
        headers.put("my1", "111");
        headers.put("my2", "222");
        
        
        AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder()
                .deliveryMode(2)//2 表示持久化消息，消息发到服务器上 假设未被消费 如果服务器重启，那么消息依然会存在，如果是1则表示服务器重启 消息将会被清除
                .contentEncoding("UTF-8")//设置字符集编码
                .expiration("10000")//设置过期时间 10000毫秒 过期，如果在这时间内 没有被消费 那么消息将会被 自动的移除 
                .headers(headers)//自定义属性
                .build();
        
        //4 通过Channel发送数据
        for(int i=0; i < 5; i++){
            String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ!";
            //1 exchange   2 routingKey
            channel.basicPublish("", "test001", properties, msg.getBytes());
        }

        //5 记得要关闭相关的连接
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

 如何保证消息的100%的投递成功。

 幂等性 ：对一件事情执行X次，可能100次 1000次，不管多少次，结果都是一致的 叫做幂等性。

消费端 如何保证幂等性 避免重复消费。(在海量订单生产的时候 难免出现消息的重复投递等问题，或者网络原因导致闪断 导致重发消息)。

1  唯一id+指纹码机智，利用数据库主键去重（好处:实现简单，坏处:有高并发的数据库写入瓶颈）

2 利用redis的原子性去实现 (redis缓存与数据库如何做到原子性？假设不入mysql库 全存到缓存中，那么如何设置定时同步策略?)

confirm确认消息

　　生产者投递消息后，rabbitmq broker 接收到消息 则会给生产者一个应答，生产者接收应答 用来确定这条消息是否正常发送到broker上，这种方式是消息可靠性投递的核心保障。

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        
        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        //2 获取C    onnection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        //3 通过Connection创建一个新的Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        String exchangeName = "test_confirm_exchange";
        String routingKey = "confirm.#";
        String queueName = "test_confirm_queue";
        
        //4 声明交换机和队列 然后进行绑定设置, 最后制定路由Key
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        //5 创建消费者 
        QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);
        
        while(true){
            Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            
            System.err.println("消费端: " + msg);
        }
    }
}

import java.io.IOException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConfirmListener;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        
        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        //2 获取C    onnection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        //3 通过Connection创建一个新的Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        
        //4 指定我们的消息投递模式: 消息的确认模式 
        channel.confirmSelect();
        
        String exchangeName = "test_confirm_exchange";
        String routingKey = "confirm.save";
        
        //5 发送一条消息
        String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ Send confirm message!";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey, null, msg.getBytes());
        
        //6 添加一个确认监听
        channel.addConfirmListener(new ConfirmListener() {
            @Override
            public void handleNack(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {
                System.err.println("-------no ack!-----------");
                //在一些情况下 比如磁盘写满 mq异常  或者queue容量到了上限
            }
            
            @Override
            public void handleAck(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {
                System.err.println("-------ack!-----------");
                
            }
        });
    }
}

return消息机制

　　用于处理一些不可路由的消息，有些时候 当我们在发送消息的时候 exchange不存在或者routekey路由不到指定队列 我们需要去监听这种不可达的消息 需要使用return listen 来统一跟踪。 

　　Mandatory:如果为true，则监听器会接收到不可达消息 进行后续处理，如果为false 那么对于不可达消息 broker端会自动删除。

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        String exchangeName = "test_return_exchange";
        String routingKey = "return.#";
        String queueName = "test_return_queue";
        
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);
        
        while(true){
            
            Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.err.println("消费者: " + msg);
        }
    }
}

import java.io.IOException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ReturnListener;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP.BasicProperties;

public class Producer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        String exchange = "test_return_exchange";
        String routingKey = "return.save";
        String routingKeyError = "abc.save";
        
        String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ Return Message";
        
        
        channel.addReturnListener(new ReturnListener() {
            @Override
            public void handleReturn(int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange,
                    String routingKey, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                
                System.err.println("---------handle  return----------");
                System.err.println("replyCode: " + replyCode);
                System.err.println("replyText: " + replyText);
                System.err.println("exchange: " + exchange);
                System.err.println("routingKey: " + routingKey);
                System.err.println("properties: " + properties);
                System.err.println("body: " + new String(body));
            }
        });
        
        channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKeyError, true, null, msg.getBytes());
        //如果第三个参数 设置为false 那么将会被broker直接删除 不会被handleReturn监听
        
//        channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKey, true, null, msg.getBytes());
    }
}

消费端的自定义监听

　　上面的所有代码中都是通过死循环来获取消息 ，下面我们通过自定义监听来做

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        
        String exchangeName = "test_consumer_exchange";
        String routingKey = "consumer.#";
        String queueName = "test_consumer_queue";
        
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        //注意这里 自定义了一个监听
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, new MyConsumer(channel));
    }
}

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        String exchange = "test_consumer_exchange";
        String routingKey = "consumer.save";
        
        String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ Consumer Message";
        
        for(int i =0; i<5; i ++){
            channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKey, true, null, msg.getBytes());
        }
        
    }
}

import java.io.IOException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;

public class MyConsumer extends DefaultConsumer {


    public MyConsumer(Channel channel) {
        super(channel);
    }

    @Override
    public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
        System.err.println("-----------consume message----------");
        System.err.println("consumerTag: " + consumerTag);
        System.err.println("envelope: " + envelope);
        System.err.println("properties: " + properties);
        System.err.println("body: " + new String(body));
    }


}

 消费端的限流

　　假设mq服务器囤积了上万条未处理的数据，这时我们随机打开一个客户端 巨量的消息会瞬间推送过来 但是我们单个客户端无法同时处理这么多的数据。rabbitmq提供了一种qos(服务质量保证)的功能，即在非自动签收(ack = false)的前提下，如果一定数量的消息未被确认签收前，则 不进行新的消息消费。因此在真正的工作中 基本不会设置自动签收=true；

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        String exchange = "test_qos_exchange";
        String routingKey = "qos.save";
        
        String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ QOS Message";
        
        for(int i =0; i<5; i ++){
            channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKey, true, null, msg.getBytes());
        }
        
    }
}

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        
        String exchangeName = "test_qos_exchange";
        String queueName = "test_qos_queue";
        String routingKey = "qos.#";
        
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        //1 限流方式  第一件事就是 autoAck设置为 false
//        channel.basicQos(prefetchSize, prefetchCount, global);
//        prefetchSize：消息的大小限制，这里0表示不限制
//        prefetchCount：最多同时消费数量
//        global： 为true表示 channel级别，false表示consumer级别
        channel.basicQos(0, 1, false);
        //这里的auto ack 必须设置为false
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, false, new MyConsumer(channel));
    }
}

import java.io.IOException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;

public class MyConsumer extends DefaultConsumer {

    //重写channel属性 ，这里必须覆盖这个属性 因为下面要用到
    private Channel channel ;
    
    public MyConsumer(Channel channel) {
        super(channel);
        this.channel = channel;
    }

    @Override
    public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
        System.err.println("-----------consume message----------");
        System.err.println("consumerTag: " + consumerTag);
        System.err.println("envelope: " + envelope);
        System.err.println("properties: " + properties);
        System.err.println("body: " + new String(body));

        //执行手动签收
//        channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, multiple);
//        deliveryTag:消息标签
//        multiple：是否批量签收
        
        channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);//如果这一段代码被注释，那么消费者消费一条消息后进入阻塞状态 等待ack确认，打开则不进入阻塞状态
        
    }
}

消费端ack 与重回队列

　　nack ，对于有些未处理成功的消息，我们返回broker nack信号 让其重新发消息给我们，不行则再进行几次这样的操作，直到达到我们设定的临界值N，这时我们发送ack 信号给broker，然后日志记录异常，最后人工进行补偿或者其他补偿措施。

　　重回队列，对于没有处理成功的消息，让消息重新扔给broker 让它重新给客户端发送一条消息，实际工作中 一般不设置重回队列。

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        String exchange = "test_ack_exchange";
        String routingKey = "ack.save";
        
        
        
        for(int i =0; i<5; i ++){
            
            Map<String, Object> headers = new HashMap<String, Object>();
            headers.put("num", i);
            
            AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder()
                    .deliveryMode(2)
                    .contentEncoding("UTF-8")
                    .headers(headers)
                    .build();
            String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ ACK Message " + i;
            channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKey, true, properties, msg.getBytes());
        }
    }
}

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        
        String exchangeName = "test_ack_exchange";
        String queueName = "test_ack_queue";
        String routingKey = "ack.#";
        
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        // 手工签收 必须要关闭 autoAck 
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, false, new MyConsumer(channel));
    }
}

import java.io.IOException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;

public class MyConsumer extends DefaultConsumer {


    private Channel channel ;
    
    public MyConsumer(Channel channel) {
        super(channel);
        this.channel = channel;
    }

    @Override
    public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
        System.err.println("-----------consume message----------");
        System.err.println("body: " + new String(body));
        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        if((Integer)properties.getHeaders().get("num") == 2) {
            //返回nack
//            channel.basicNack(deliveryTag, multiple, requeue);
//            requeue:消费失败时是否重新回队列 将消费失败的消息加入到队列的尾端,
            channel.basicNack(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false, true);
        } else {
            //返回ack
            channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }
        
    }
}

 TTL

　　ttl：与redis的ttl 类似，表示剩余过期时间 表示消息在队列里 xx秒内未被消费，那么消息回被自动清空。

死信队列 DLX ，非常重要

 　　当一个消息变成里死信之后，它能被重新发布到另一个exchange上，这个exchange 对应的队列就是死信队列，这个队列在实际生产中 是保存未被认领的消息的队列，以下情况有可能死DLX

　　　　消息被拒绝(basic.reject/basic.nack),并且requeue=false

　　　　ttl过期

　　　　队列达到最大长度

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        String exchange = "test_dlx_exchange";//正常交换机
        String routingKey = "dlx.save";//正常路由key
        
        String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ DLX Message";
        
        for(int i =0; i<1; i ++){
            
            AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder()
                    .deliveryMode(2)
                    .contentEncoding("UTF-8")
                    .expiration("10000")
                    .build();
            channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKey, true, properties, msg.getBytes());
        }
    }
}

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        // 这就是一个普通的交换机 和 队列 以及路由
        String exchangeName = "test_dlx_exchange";
        String routingKey = "dlx.#";
        String queueName = "test_dlx_queue";
        
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true, false, null);
        
        Map<String, Object> agruments = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        String deadExchangeName = "aaadlx.exchange";//死信队列的交换机
        agruments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", deadExchangeName);
        //这个agruments属性，要设置到声明队列上
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, agruments);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        //要进行死信队列的声明:
        String deadQueueName = "dlx.queue";
        String deadRouteKey = "#";//#表示所有的键都会被路由到这个队列
        channel.exchangeDeclare(deadExchangeName, "topic", true, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(deadExchangeName, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(deadQueueName, deadExchangeName, deadRouteKey); 
        
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, new MyConsumer(channel));
    }
}

import java.io.IOException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;

public class MyConsumer extends DefaultConsumer {


    public MyConsumer(Channel channel) {
        super(channel);
    }

    @Override
    public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
        System.err.println("-----------consume message----------");
        System.err.println("consumerTag: " + consumerTag);
        System.err.println("envelope: " + envelope);
        System.err.println("properties: " + properties);
        System.err.println("body: " + new String(body));
    }


}

先启动消费端建立好队列，再启动生产端，此时消息正常消费

将消费端关闭，再启动生产端，这时可以发现消息正常落在正常的队列test_dlx_queue上，10秒后 该消息将会从正常的队列中消失，进入死信队列dlx.queue上 被其收集。

spring amqp 的api熟悉

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
            <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
            <version>3.6.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

import java.util.UUID;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AcknowledgeMode;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessageListenerAdapter;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.ConsumerTagStrategy;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.ContentTypeDelegatingMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import com.bfxy.spring.adapter.MessageDelegate;
import com.bfxy.spring.convert.ImageMessageConverter;
import com.bfxy.spring.convert.PDFMessageConverter;
import com.bfxy.spring.convert.TextMessageConverter;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.bfxy.spring.*"})
public class RabbitMQConfig {

    @Bean
    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory(){
        CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setAddresses("116.62.220.199:5672");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        return connectionFactory;
    }
    
    //这个组件由于管理我们的控制台的 比如交换机的创建 队列的创建 及绑定信息等等
    @Bean
    public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
        rabbitAdmin.setAutoStartup(true);//这里一定要设置为true，否则spring不会加载RabbitAdmin 这个类
        return rabbitAdmin;
    }
    
    /**  
     * 针对消费者配置  
     * 1. 设置交换机类型  
     * 2. 将队列绑定到交换机  
        FanoutExchange: 将消息分发到所有的绑定队列，无routingkey的概念  
        HeadersExchange ：通过添加属性key-value匹配  
        DirectExchange:按照routingkey分发到指定队列  
        TopicExchange:多关键字匹配  
     */  
    @Bean  
    public TopicExchange exchange001() {  
        return new TopicExchange("topic001", true, false);  
    }  

    @Bean  
    public Queue queue001() {  
        return new Queue("queue001", true); //队列持久  
    }  
    
    @Bean  
    public Binding binding001() {  
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue001()).to(exchange001()).with("spring.*");  
    }  
    
    @Bean  
    public TopicExchange exchange002() {  
        return new TopicExchange("topic002", true, false);  
    }  
    
    @Bean  
    public Queue queue002() {  
        return new Queue("queue002", true); //队列持久  
    }
    
    @Bean  
    public Binding binding002() {  
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue002()).to(exchange002()).with("rabbit.*");  
    } 
    
    @Bean  
    public Queue queue003() {  
        return new Queue("queue003", true); //队列持久  
    }
    
    @Bean  
    public Binding binding003() {  
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue003()).to(exchange001()).with("mq.*");  
    } 
    
    @Bean  
    public Queue queue_image() {  
        return new Queue("image_queue", true); //队列持久  
    }
    
    @Bean  
    public Queue queue_pdf() {  
        return new Queue("pdf_queue", true); //队列持久  
    }
    
    
    @Bean
    public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
        return rabbitTemplate;
    }
    
    @Bean
    public SimpleMessageListenerContainer messageContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        
        SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer(connectionFactory);
        //添加监控队列
        container.setQueues(queue001(), queue002(), queue003(), queue_image(), queue_pdf());
        container.setConcurrentConsumers(1);
        container.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(5);
        container.setDefaultRequeueRejected(false);//requeue
        container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.AUTO);// auto ack
        container.setExposeListenerChannel(true);//设置是否外漏
        container.setConsumerTagStrategy(new ConsumerTagStrategy() {//消费端标签策略
            @Override
            public String createConsumerTag(String queue) {
                return queue + "_" + UUID.randomUUID().toString();
            }
        });
        /**消息监听
        container.setMessageListener(new ChannelAwareMessageListener() {
            @Override
            public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
                String msg = new String(message.getBody());
                System.err.println("----------消费者: " + msg);
            }
        });
        */
        
        /**
         * 1 适配器方式. 默认是有自己的方法名字的：handleMessage
            // 可以自己指定一个方法的名字: consumeMessage
            // 也可以添加一个转换器: 从字节数组转换为String
        MessageListenerAdapter adapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageDelegate());
        adapter.setDefaultListenerMethod("consumeMessage");//也可以自己直到默认监听方法，MessageListenerAdapter源码中 默认方法是handleMessage
        adapter.setMessageConverter(new TextMessageConverter());//自定义消息转换器 这样我们可以不必使用byte[]，TextMessageConverter 会为我们自动转换
        container.setMessageListener(adapter);
        */
        
        /**
         * 2 适配器方式: 我们的队列名称 和 方法名称，指定队列的消息与被所绑定的方法处理
         * 
        MessageListenerAdapter adapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageDelegate());
        adapter.setMessageConverter(new TextMessageConverter());
        Map<String, String> queueOrTagToMethodName = new HashMap<>();
        queueOrTagToMethodName.put("queue001", "method1");
        queueOrTagToMethodName.put("queue002", "method2");
        adapter.setQueueOrTagToMethodName(queueOrTagToMethodName);
        container.setMessageListener(adapter);        
        */
        
        // 1.1 支持json格式的转换器 对应testSendJsonMessage方法
        /**
        MessageListenerAdapter adapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageDelegate());
        adapter.setDefaultListenerMethod("consumeMessage");
        
        Jackson2JsonMessageConverter jackson2JsonMessageConverter = new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
        adapter.setMessageConverter(jackson2JsonMessageConverter);
        
        container.setMessageListener(adapter);
        */
        
        
        
        // 1.2 DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper & Jackson2JsonMessageConverter 支持java对象转换
        /**对应 testSendJavaMessage方法
        MessageListenerAdapter adapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageDelegate());
        adapter.setDefaultListenerMethod("consumeMessage");
        
        Jackson2JsonMessageConverter jackson2JsonMessageConverter = new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
        
        DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper javaTypeMapper = new DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper();
        jackson2JsonMessageConverter.setJavaTypeMapper(javaTypeMapper);
        
        adapter.setMessageConverter(jackson2JsonMessageConverter);
        container.setMessageListener(adapter);
        */
        
        
        //1.3 DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper & Jackson2JsonMessageConverter 支持java对象多映射转换
        //根据自定义标签 来转换java对象 对应testSendMappingMessage测试方法
        /**
        MessageListenerAdapter adapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageDelegate());
        adapter.setDefaultListenerMethod("consumeMessage");
        Jackson2JsonMessageConverter jackson2JsonMessageConverter = new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
        DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper javaTypeMapper = new DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper();
        
        Map<String, Class<?>> idClassMapping = new HashMap<String, Class<?>>();
        idClassMapping.put("order", com.bfxy.spring.entity.Order.class);
        idClassMapping.put("packaged", com.bfxy.spring.entity.Packaged.class);
        
        javaTypeMapper.setIdClassMapping(idClassMapping);
        
        jackson2JsonMessageConverter.setJavaTypeMapper(javaTypeMapper);
        adapter.setMessageConverter(jackson2JsonMessageConverter);
        container.setMessageListener(adapter);
        */
        
        //1.4 ext convert
        
        MessageListenerAdapter adapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageDelegate());
        adapter.setDefaultListenerMethod("consumeMessage");
        
        //全局的转换器: 一个大的转换器  对应 testSendExtConverterMessage方法
        ContentTypeDelegatingMessageConverter convert = new ContentTypeDelegatingMessageConverter();
        
        TextMessageConverter textConvert = new TextMessageConverter();
        convert.addDelegate("text", textConvert);
        convert.addDelegate("html/text", textConvert);
        convert.addDelegate("xml/text", textConvert);
        convert.addDelegate("text/plain", textConvert);
        
        Jackson2JsonMessageConverter jsonConvert = new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
        convert.addDelegate("json", jsonConvert);
        convert.addDelegate("application/json", jsonConvert);
        
        ImageMessageConverter imageConverter = new ImageMessageConverter();
        convert.addDelegate("image/png", imageConverter);
        convert.addDelegate("image", imageConverter);
        
        PDFMessageConverter pdfConverter = new PDFMessageConverter();
        convert.addDelegate("application/pdf", pdfConverter);
        
        
        adapter.setMessageConverter(convert);
        container.setMessageListener(adapter);
        
        return container;
        
    }
}

import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.HashMap;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.amqp.AmqpException;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePostProcessor;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import com.bfxy.spring.entity.Order;
import com.bfxy.spring.entity.Packaged;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ApplicationTests {

    @Test
    public void contextLoads() {
    }
    
    @Autowired
    private RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin;
    
    @Test
    public void testAdmin() throws Exception {
        rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new DirectExchange("test.direct", false, false));
        
        rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new TopicExchange("test.topic", false, false));
        
        rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new FanoutExchange("test.fanout", false, false));
        
        rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("test.direct.queue", false));
        
        rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("test.topic.queue", false));
        
        rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("test.fanout.queue", false));
        
        //直连绑定
        rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding("test.direct.queue",
                Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,
                "test.direct", "direct", new HashMap<>()));
        
        //topic 绑定
        rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(
                BindingBuilder
                .bind(new Queue("test.topic.queue", false))        //直接创建队列 ,前面已经创建队列 这里再创建不会影响
                .to(new TopicExchange("test.topic", false, false))    //直接创建交换机 建立关联关系
                .with("user.#"));    //指定路由Key
        
        //fanout绑定
        rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(
                BindingBuilder
                .bind(new Queue("test.fanout.queue", false))        
                .to(new FanoutExchange("test.fanout", false, false)));
        
        //清空队列数据
        rabbitAdmin.purgeQueue("test.topic.queue", false);
    }
    
    
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    
    
    @Test
    public void testSendMessage() throws Exception {
        //1 创建消息
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        messageProperties.getHeaders().put("desc", "信息描述..");
        messageProperties.getHeaders().put("type", "自定义消息类型..");
        Message message = new Message("Hello RabbitMQ".getBytes(), messageProperties);
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topic001", "spring.amqp", message, new MessagePostProcessor() {
            //发送前 可以修改消息
            @Override
            public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {
                System.err.println("------添加额外的设置---------");
                message.getMessageProperties().getHeaders().put("desc", "额外修改的信息描述");
                message.getMessageProperties().getHeaders().put("attr", "额外新加的属性");
                return message;
            }
        });
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSendMessage2() throws Exception {
        //1 创建消息
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        messageProperties.setContentType("text/plain");
        Message message = new Message("mq 消息1234".getBytes(), messageProperties);
        
        rabbitTemplate.send("topic001", "spring.abc", message);
        
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topic001", "spring.amqp", "hello object message send!");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topic002", "rabbit.abc", "hello object message send!");
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSendMessage4Text() throws Exception {
        //1 创建消息
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        messageProperties.setContentType("text/plain");
        Message message = new Message("mq 消息1234".getBytes(), messageProperties);
        
        rabbitTemplate.send("topic001", "spring.abc", message);
        rabbitTemplate.send("topic002", "rabbit.abc", message);
    }
    
    
    @Test
    public void testSendJsonMessage() throws Exception {
        
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setId("001");
        order.setName("消息订单");
        order.setContent("描述信息");
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(order);
        System.err.println("order 4 json: " + json);
        
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        //这里注意一定要修改contentType为 application/json
        messageProperties.setContentType("application/json");
        Message message = new Message(json.getBytes(), messageProperties);
        
        rabbitTemplate.send("topic001", "spring.order", message);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSendJavaMessage() throws Exception {
        
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setId("001");
        order.setName("订单消息");
        order.setContent("订单描述信息");
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(order);
        System.err.println("order 4 json: " + json);
        
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        //这里注意一定要修改contentType为 application/json
        messageProperties.setContentType("application/json");
        //__TypeId__ 这个值是固定的
        messageProperties.getHeaders().put("__TypeId__", "com.bfxy.spring.entity.Order");
        Message message = new Message(json.getBytes(), messageProperties);
        
        rabbitTemplate.send("topic001", "spring.order", message);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSendMappingMessage() throws Exception {
        
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setId("001");
        order.setName("订单消息");
        order.setContent("订单描述信息");
        
        String json1 = mapper.writeValueAsString(order);
        System.err.println("order 4 json: " + json1);
        
        MessageProperties messageProperties1 = new MessageProperties();
        //这里注意一定要修改contentType为 application/json
        messageProperties1.setContentType("application/json");
        //这里无需写类的全路径了 写标签即可
        messageProperties1.getHeaders().put("__TypeId__", "order");
        Message message1 = new Message(json1.getBytes(), messageProperties1);
        rabbitTemplate.send("topic001", "spring.order", message1);
        
        Packaged pack = new Packaged();
        pack.setId("002");
        pack.setName("包裹消息");
        pack.setDescription("包裹描述信息");
        
        String json2 = mapper.writeValueAsString(pack);
        System.err.println("pack 4 json: " + json2);

        MessageProperties messageProperties2 = new MessageProperties();
        //这里注意一定要修改contentType为 application/json
        messageProperties2.setContentType("application/json");
        messageProperties2.getHeaders().put("__TypeId__", "packaged");
        Message message2 = new Message(json2.getBytes(), messageProperties2);
        rabbitTemplate.send("topic001", "spring.pack", message2);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSendExtConverterMessage() throws Exception {
//            byte[] body = Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get("d:/002_books", "picture.png"));
//            MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
//            messageProperties.setContentType("image/png");
//            messageProperties.getHeaders().put("extName", "png");
//            Message message = new Message(body, messageProperties);
//            rabbitTemplate.send("", "image_queue", message);
        
            byte[] body = Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get("d:/002_books", "mysql.pdf"));
            MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
            messageProperties.setContentType("application/pdf");
            Message message = new Message(body, messageProperties);
            rabbitTemplate.send("", "pdf_queue", message);
    }
    

}

import java.io.File;
import java.util.Map;

import com.bfxy.spring.entity.Order;
import com.bfxy.spring.entity.Packaged;


public class MessageDelegate {

    public void handleMessage(byte[] messageBody) {
        System.err.println("默认方法, 消息内容:" + new String(messageBody));
    }
    
    public void consumeMessage(byte[] messageBody) {
        System.err.println("字节数组方法, 消息内容:" + new String(messageBody));
    }
    
    public void consumeMessage(String messageBody) {
        System.err.println("字符串方法, 消息内容:" + messageBody);
    }
    
    public void method1(String messageBody) {
        System.err.println("method1 收到消息内容:" + new String(messageBody));
    }
    
    public void method2(String messageBody) {
        System.err.println("method2 收到消息内容:" + new String(messageBody));
    }
    
    
    public void consumeMessage(Map messageBody) {
        System.err.println("map方法, 消息内容:" + messageBody);
    }
    
    
    public void consumeMessage(Order order) {
        System.err.println("order对象, 消息内容, id: " + order.getId() + 
                ", name: " + order.getName() + 
                ", content: "+ order.getContent());
    }
    
    public void consumeMessage(Packaged pack) {
        System.err.println("package对象, 消息内容, id: " + pack.getId() + 
                ", name: " + pack.getName() + 
                ", content: "+ pack.getDescription());
    }
    
    public void consumeMessage(File file) {
        System.err.println("文件对象 方法, 消息内容:" + file.getName());
    }
}

public class ConverterBody {

    private byte[] body;
    
    public ConverterBody() {
    }

    public ConverterBody(byte[] body) {
        this.body = body;
    }

    public byte[] getBody() {
        return body;
    }

    public void setBody(byte[] body) {
        this.body = body;
    }
    
}

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.util.UUID;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConversionException;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter;

public class ImageMessageConverter implements MessageConverter {

    @Override
    public Message toMessage(Object object, MessageProperties messageProperties) throws MessageConversionException {
        throw new MessageConversionException(" convert error ! ");
    }

    @Override
    public Object fromMessage(Message message) throws MessageConversionException {
        System.err.println("-----------Image MessageConverter----------");
        
        Object _extName = message.getMessageProperties().getHeaders().get("extName");
        String extName = _extName == null ? "png" : _extName.toString();
        
        byte[] body = message.getBody();
        String fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        String path = "d:/010_test/" + fileName + "." + extName;
        File f = new File(path);
        try {
            Files.copy(new ByteArrayInputStream(body), f.toPath());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return f;
    }

}

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.util.UUID;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConversionException;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter;

public class PDFMessageConverter implements MessageConverter {

    @Override
    public Message toMessage(Object object, MessageProperties messageProperties) throws MessageConversionException {
        throw new MessageConversionException(" convert error ! ");
    }

    @Override
    public Object fromMessage(Message message) throws MessageConversionException {
        System.err.println("-----------PDF MessageConverter----------");
        
        byte[] body = message.getBody();
        String fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        String path = "d:/010_test/" + fileName + ".pdf";
        File f = new File(path);
        try {
            Files.copy(new ByteArrayInputStream(body), f.toPath());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return f;
    }

}

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConversionException;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter;

public class TextMessageConverter implements MessageConverter {

    //java 对象转message对象
    @Override
    public Message toMessage(Object object, MessageProperties messageProperties) throws MessageConversionException {
        return new Message(object.toString().getBytes(), messageProperties);
    }

    //message对象转java对象
    @Override
    public Object fromMessage(Message message) throws MessageConversionException {
        String contentType = message.getMessageProperties().getContentType();
        if(null != contentType && contentType.contains("text")) {
            return new String(message.getBody());
        }
        return message.getBody();
    }

}

public class Order {

    private String id;
    
    private String name;
    
    private String content;

    public Order() {
    }
    
    public Order(String id, String name, String content) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.content = content;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }
    
}

public class Packaged {

    private String id;
    
    private String name;
    
    private String description;
    
    public Packaged() {
    }
    
    public Packaged(String id, String name, String description) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.description = description;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }
    
    
}

 spring boot中使用 rabbitmq

生产端

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

spring.rabbitmq.addresses=116.62.220.199:5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000

spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.support.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.support.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bfxy.springboot.entity.Order;

@Component
public class RabbitSender {

    //自动注入RabbitTemplate模板类
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;  
    
    //回调函数: confirm确认
    final ConfirmCallback confirmCallback = new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {
        @Override
        public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
            System.err.println("correlationData: " + correlationData);
            System.err.println("ack: " + ack);
            if(!ack){
                System.err.println("异常处理....");
            }
        }
    };
    
    //回调函数: return返回
    final ReturnCallback returnCallback = new RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback() {
        @Override
        public void returnedMessage(org.springframework.amqp.core.Message message, int replyCode, String replyText,
                String exchange, String routingKey) {
            System.err.println("return exchange: " + exchange + ", routingKey: " 
                + routingKey + ", replyCode: " + replyCode + ", replyText: " + replyText);
        }
    };
    
    //发送消息方法调用: 构建Message消息
    public void send(Object message, Map<String, Object> properties) throws Exception {
        MessageHeaders mhs = new MessageHeaders(properties);
        Message msg = MessageBuilder.createMessage(message, mhs);
        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback);
        rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback);
        //id + 时间戳 全局唯一 
        CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("1234567890");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-1", "springboot.abc", msg, correlationData);
    }
    
    //发送消息方法调用: 构建自定义对象消息
    public void sendOrder(Order order) throws Exception {
        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback);
        rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback);
        //id + 时间戳 全局唯一 
        CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("0987654321");//这个就是消息的id 须做到全局唯一 做补偿策略的时候 需要通过这个id来找到这条消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-2", "springboot.def", order, correlationData);
    package com.bfxy.springboot.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Order implements Serializable {

    private String id;
    private String name;
    
    public Order() {
    }
    public Order(String id, String name) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
}

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import com.bfxy.springboot.entity.Order;
import com.bfxy.springboot.producer.RabbitSender;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ApplicationTests {

    @Test
    public void contextLoads() {
    }
    
    @Autowired
    private RabbitSender rabbitSender;

    private static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");
    
    @Test
    public void testSender1() throws Exception {
         Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
         properties.put("number", "12345");
         properties.put("send_time", simpleDateFormat.format(new Date()));
         rabbitSender.send("Hello RabbitMQ For Spring Boot!", properties);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSender2() throws Exception {
         Order order = new Order("001", "第一个订单");
         rabbitSender.sendOrder(order);
    }
    
    
    
}

消费端

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

spring.rabbitmq.addresses=116.62.220.199:5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000

spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=5
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=10

spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name=queue-2
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name=exchange-2
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type=topic
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key=springboot.*

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.AmqpHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Headers;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

@Component
public class RabbitReceiver {

    
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            value = @Queue(value = "queue-1", 
            durable="true"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "exchange-1", 
            durable="true", 
            type= "topic", 
            ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "true"),
            key = "springboot.*"
            )
    )
    @RabbitHandler
    public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
        System.err.println("--------------------------------------");
        System.err.println("消费端Payload: " + message.getPayload());
        Long deliveryTag = (Long)message.getHeaders().get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
        //手工ACK
        channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 
     *     spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name=queue-2
        spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable=true
        spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name=exchange-1
        spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable=true
        spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type=topic
        spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions=true
        spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key=springboot.*
     * @param order
     * @param channel
     * @param headers
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            value = @Queue(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name}", 
            durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable}"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name}", 
            durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable}", 
            type= "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type}", 
            ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions}"),
            key = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key}"
            )
    )
    @RabbitHandler
    public void onOrderMessage(@Payload com.bfxy.springboot.entity.Order order, 
            Channel channel, 
            @Headers Map<String, Object> headers) throws Exception {
        System.err.println("--------------------------------------");
        System.err.println("消费端order: " + order.getId());
        Long deliveryTag = (Long)headers.get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
        //手工ACK
        channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
    }
    
    
}

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Order implements Serializable {

    private String id;
    private String name;
    
    public Order() {
    }
    public Order(String id, String name) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    
}

spring cloud stream ，非常好的组件  可以实现 生产端与消费端为不同类型的mq ，如生产端用rabbitmq 消费端使用kafka。其劣势是没法保证消息的100%投递，可能存在消息丢失的问题。其核心概念如下图

rabbitmq 主备模式