requests提交form表单

问题：

对接接口，发现对方的接口使用form-data进行数据提交，直接使用requests库的data参数对接，会报参数错误：

params = {
    'timestamp':timestamp,
    'nonce':nonce,
    'apikey':APIKEY,
    'signature': signature
}
data = {
    'name': name,
    'phone': phone,
    'idnum': idnum,
    'products': [201,]
}
resp = requests.post(URL, data=data, params=params,
                     verify=False, timeout=10)      

错误提示

解决方案

这一块Requests包做的不是很好，做法具体如下：

1.一种是手动组建form-data并加上headers；数，data参数需要自己用boundary来分隔为指定的形式

2.另一种是通过files参数传递form-data，files参数则以元组的形式传入；

3.第三方模块，requests-toolbelt

# 方案一：
params = {
    'timestamp':timestamp,
    'nonce':nonce,
    'apikey':APIKEY,
    'signature': signature
}
payload = """------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data;
    name="phone"

{}
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; 
    name="idnum"

{}
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data;
    name="name"

{}
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; 
    name="products"

 {}
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--""".format(phone, idnum, name, [201,])
headers = {
    "content-type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW"
}
resp = requests.post(URL, data=payload, params=params,
                     verify=False, timeout=10, headers=headers)

# 方案二：以传入files参数
import json
params = {
    'timestamp':timestamp,
    'nonce':nonce,
    'apikey':APIKEY,
    'signature': signature
}
data = {
    'name':(None, name),
    'phone': (None, str(phone)),
    'idnum': (None, idnum),
    'products': (None, json.dumps([201,]))
}
resp = requests.post(URL, files=data, params=params,
                     verify=False, timeout=10)
print(resp.status_code)
print(resp.request.url)
print(resp.request.body)
print(resp.text )                    

结果

方案三：利用第三方模块(requests-toolbelt)

 1、安装

pip install requests-toolbelt

这里我们会用到MultipartEncoder方法

MultipartEncoder上传文件用法

import requests
from requests_toolbelt import MultipartEncoder

encoder = MultipartEncoder({'field': 'value',
                            'other_field':'other_value'},boundary="--asddddddddddddddddd")
r = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=encoder,
                  headers={'Content-Type': encoder.content_type})

MultipartEncoder填写表格用法

from requests_toolbelt import MultipartEncoder
import requests

m = MultipartEncoder(fields={'field0': 'value', 'field1': 'value'})

r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=m,
                  headers={'Content-Type': m.content_type})

转自：https://www.freesion.com/article/248781736/