1、背景介绍
Spring RestTemplate 是 Spring 提供的用于访问 Rest 服务的客户端,RestTemplate 提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法,能够大大提高客户端的编写效率,所以很多客户端比如 Android或者第三方服务商都是使用 RestTemplate 请求 restful 服务。
调用 RestTemplate 的默认构造函数,RestTemplate 对象在底层通过使用 java.net 包下的实现创建 HTTP 请求,可以通过使用 ClientHttpRequestFactory 指定不同的HTTP请求方式。默认使用 SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory,是 ClientHttpRequestFactory 实现类.
2.方法使用
1.用统一的方法模板进行四种请求:POST,PUT,DELETE,GET
restTemplate.exchange(
String url,
HttpMethod method,
HttpEntity requestEntity,
Class responseType,
Object uriVariables[]
)
说明: 1)url: 请求地址; 2)method: 请求类型(如:POST,PUT,DELETE,GET); 3)requestEntity: 请求实体,封装请求头,请求内容 4)responseType: 响应类型,根据服务接口的返回类型决定 5)uriVariables: url中参数变量值
例如:
(1)POST请求
1 String reqJsonStr = "{"code":"testCode", "group":"testGroup","content":"testContent", "order":1}"; 2 HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); 3 HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<String>(reqJsonStr,headers); 4 ResponseEntity<Map> resp = restTemplate.exchange(DIC_DATA_URL, HttpMethod.POST, entity, Map.class);
(2)PUT请求
String reqJsonStr = "{"id":227,"code":"updateCC", "group":"UPDATE","content":"updateCT", "order":9}"; HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<String>(reqJsonStr,headers); ResponseEntity<Map> resp = restTemplate.exchange(DIC_DATA_URL, HttpMethod.PUT, entity, Map.class);
(3)DELETE请求
ResponseEntity<Map> resp = restTemplate.exchange(DIC_DATA_URL + "?id={id}", HttpMethod.DELETE, null, Map.class, 227);
(4)GET请求
ResponseEntity<String> results = restTemplate.exchange(url,HttpMethod.GET, null, String.class, params);
2.用各种请求对应的专一接口
(1)POST请求
postForObject(String url, Object request, Class responseType, Object uriVariables[]):
返回数据对象Object,例如: DicData data = new DicData(); data.setCode("cd123"); data.setGroup("TEST"); data.setContent("测试数据"); data.setOrder(5); DicData obj = restTemplate.postForObject(DIC_DATA_URL, data, DicData.class); > 或者 postForEntity:(String url, Object request, Class responseType, Object uriVariables[])
返回封装了数据对象的ResponseEntity对象,例如:
DicData data = new DicData();
data.setCode("cd123"); data.setGroup("TEST"); data.setContent("测试数据"); data.setOrder(5);
ResponseEntity<Map> respEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(DIC_DATA_URL, data, Map.class);
(2)PUT请求
put(String url, Object request, Object urlVariables[])
例如: DicData data = new DicData(); data.setId(226L); data.setCode("updateCode"); data.setGroup("UPDATE"); data.setContent("测试数据"); data.setOrder(9); restTemplate.put(DIC_DATA_URL, data);
(3)DELETE请求
delete(String url, Object urlVariables[])
例如:
restTemplate.delete(DIC_DATA_URL + "?id={id}", 222);
(4)GET请求
getForObject(String url, Class responseType, Object urlVariables[]):
返回请求的结果对象,例如 Order o = restTemplate.getForObject(Constants.SERVER_URL+"/order?orderCode={orderCode}", Order.class,order.getOrderCode()); getForEntity(String url, Class responseType, Object urlVariables[]): 返回封装了数据对象的ResponseEntity对象,例如: ResponseEntity<EBTUser> ebtuserResponse = restTemplate.getForEntity(url,EBTUser.class); EBTUser user = ebtuserResponse.getBody();
3.GET请求,要返回一些复合数据类型时的处理
(1)返回List类型数据 DicData[] dicResult = restTemplate.getForObject( Constants.SERVER_URL + "/dicDatas/dicData?" + "group={group}", DicData[].class, group); List<DicData> list = Arrays.asList(dicResult); 或者 // pass generic information to resttemplate; ParameterizedTypeReference为spring3.2版本后引进的类 ParameterizedTypeReference<List<DicData>> responseType = new ParameterizedTypeReference<List<DicData>>(); ResponseEntity<List<DicData>> resp = restTemplate.exchange(Constants.SERVER_URL + "/dicDatas/dicData?group={group}", HttpMethod.GET, null, responseType); List<DicData> list = resp.getBody(); (2)返回属性中有范型数据的复合对象 比如,分页对象 ResponseEntity<String> results = restTemplate.exchange(url,HttpMethod.GET, null, String.class, params); // 借助com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper 对象来解析嵌套的json字符串 ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); mapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false); PageInfo<Product> page = mapper.readValue(results.getBody(), new TypeReference<PageInfo<Product>>() { });