事件绑定意义
一般事件的处理程序都放在界面后台,通过事件绑定可以把事件处理程序放在ViewModel中,实现界面和逻辑的解耦。
要使用事件绑定需要借助System.Windows.interactivity(安装了Blend就有),如果电脑上找不到,可以通过NuGet安装System.Windows.Interactivity.WPF。
需要引用以下命名空间:
xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity"
using System.Windows.Interactivity;
无参数的事件绑定
在Interaction.Triggers里面添加一个或多个EventTrigger并指定关注的的事件名称,在EventTrigger中通过InvokeCommandAction来绑定事件对应的命令,在事件触发后会调用绑定的命令对象的Execute方法执行命令。
命令的实现参考WPF之自定义委托命令,事件触发后是否能够真正执行绑定的命令也受到绑定的命令的CanExecute方法的影响。事件绑定过程如下:
<i:Interaction.Triggers>
<i:EventTrigger EventName="Loaded">
<i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding LoadedCommand}"/>
</i:EventTrigger>
</i:Interaction.Triggers>
带EventArgs参数的事件绑定
InvokeCommandAction在未对CommandParameter绑定的情况下给Execute方法传递的参数为null,对CommandParameter绑定的情况下给Execute方法传递的参数为绑定值(不是EventArgs参数),Execute方法是由Invoke(object parameter)调用的。
其实,TiggerBase调用InvokeCommandAction的Invoke(object parameter)方法时有传入EventArgs参数,但Invoke调用Execute方法时一直使用的是CommandParameter参数。有一说一,这个程序逻辑有点反人类,这也是网上为什么有这么多重新实现InvokeCommandAction资料的原因。
如果需要从事件的EventArgs中获取数据,正常来说派生InvokeCommandAction然后“重写”Invoke方法即可。但是,InvokeCommandAction是密封类,我们只能参照源码重新实现一个EventCommandAction类,代码如下:
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Interactivity;
namespace WpfApp
{
public class EventCommandAction : TriggerAction<DependencyObject>
{
/// <summary>
/// 事件要绑定的命令
/// </summary>
public ICommand Command
{
get { return (ICommand)GetValue(CommandProperty); }
set { SetValue(CommandProperty, value); }
}
// Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for MsgName. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
public static readonly DependencyProperty CommandProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("Command", typeof(ICommand), typeof(EventCommandAction), new PropertyMetadata(null));
/// <summary>
/// 绑定命令的参数,保持为空就是事件的参数
/// </summary>
public object CommandParameter
{
get { return (object)GetValue(CommandParateterProperty); }
set { SetValue(CommandParateterProperty, value); }
}
// Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for CommandParateter. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
public static readonly DependencyProperty CommandParateterProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("CommandParameter", typeof(object), typeof(EventCommandAction), new PropertyMetadata(null));
//执行事件
protected override void Invoke(object parameter)
{
if (CommandParameter != null)
parameter = CommandParameter;
var cmd = Command;
if (cmd != null&&cmd.CanExecute(parameter))
cmd.Execute(parameter);
}
}
}
使用事件绑定
创建一个MainViewModel,这里要使用之前的数据绑定基类BindableBase(参考WPF之数据绑定基类),代码如下:
class MainViewModel:BindableBase
{
public bool CanExecute { get; set; }
private string tipText;
public string TipText
{
get { return tipText; }
set { SetProperty(ref tipText, value); }
}
public DelegateCommand LoadedCommand { get; }
public DelegateCommand<MouseEventArgs> MouseMoveCommand { get; }
public MainViewModel()
{
LoadedCommand = new DelegateCommand(() => { MessageBox.Show("程序加载成功");});
MouseMoveCommand = new DelegateCommand<MouseEventArgs>(e =>
{
TipText = "鼠标当前位置:" + e.GetPosition(e.Device.Target).ToString();
},
e =>CanExecute);
}
}
界面的XAML代码如下:
<i:Interaction.Triggers>
<i:EventTrigger EventName="Loaded">
<i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding LoadedCommand}"/>
</i:EventTrigger>
<i:EventTrigger EventName="MouseMove">
<local:EventCommandAction Command="{Binding MouseMoveCommand}"/>
</i:EventTrigger>
</i:Interaction.Triggers>
<StackPanel>
<CheckBox Content="命令开关" IsChecked="{Binding CanExecute}"/>
<Label Content="{Binding TipText}" Margin="5"/>
</StackPanel>
在后台代码中添加DataContext:
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
DataContext = new MainViewModel();
}
}
运行程序,效果如下:
扩展:基于InvokeCommandAction源码的实现(推荐)
可以在InvokeCommandAction源码基础改动一下Invoke方法,实现我们的需求,改动如下:
protected override void Invoke(object parameter)
{
if (base.AssociatedObject != null)
{
if (CommandParameter != null)
parameter = CommandParameter;
ICommand command = ResolveCommand();
if (command != null && command.CanExecute(parameter))
{
command.Execute(parameter);
}
}
}
重写的RewriteInvokeCommandAction类完全可以替代上面的EventCommandAction,完整版代码如下:
public sealed class RewriteInvokeCommandAction : TriggerAction<DependencyObject>
{
private string commandName;
public static readonly DependencyProperty CommandProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("Command", typeof(ICommand), typeof(RewriteInvokeCommandAction), null);
public static readonly DependencyProperty CommandParameterProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("CommandParameter", typeof(object), typeof(RewriteInvokeCommandAction), null);
public string CommandName
{
get
{
ReadPreamble();
return commandName;
}
set
{
if (CommandName != value)
{
WritePreamble();
commandName = value;
WritePostscript();
}
}
}
public ICommand Command
{
get
{
return (ICommand)GetValue(CommandProperty);
}
set
{
SetValue(CommandProperty, value);
}
}
public object CommandParameter
{
get
{
return GetValue(CommandParameterProperty);
}
set
{
SetValue(CommandParameterProperty, value);
}
}
protected override void Invoke(object parameter)
{
if (base.AssociatedObject != null)
{
if (CommandParameter != null)
parameter = CommandParameter;
ICommand command = ResolveCommand();
if (command != null && command.CanExecute(parameter))
{
command.Execute(parameter);
}
}
}
private ICommand ResolveCommand()
{
ICommand result = null;
if (Command != null)
{
result = Command;
}
else if (base.AssociatedObject != null)
{
Type type = base.AssociatedObject.GetType();
PropertyInfo[] properties = type.GetProperties(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public);
PropertyInfo[] array = properties;
foreach (PropertyInfo propertyInfo in array)
{
if (typeof(ICommand).IsAssignableFrom(propertyInfo.PropertyType) && string.Equals(propertyInfo.Name, CommandName, StringComparison.Ordinal))
{
result = (ICommand)propertyInfo.GetValue(base.AssociatedObject, null);
}
}
}
return result;
}
}
参考资料
MVVM设计模式和在WPF中的实现(四)事件绑定
EventTrigger原理浅谈
WPF:MVVM:命令与CallMethodAction?