练习 3.1: 如果f函数返回的是无限制的float64值,那么SVG文件可能输出无效的多边形元素(虽然许多SVG渲染器会妥善处理这类问题)。修改程序跳过无效的多边形。
练习 3.2: 试验math包中其他函数的渲染图形。你是否能输出一个egg box、moguls或a saddle图案?
练习 3.3: 根据高度给每个多边形上色,那样峰值部将是红色(#ff0000),谷部将是蓝色(#0000ff)。
练习 3.4: 参考1.7节Lissajous例子的函数,构造一个web服务器,用于计算函数曲面然后返回SVG数据给客户端。服务器必须设置Content-Type头部:
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "image/svg+xml")
(这一步在Lissajous例子中不是必须的,因为服务器使用标准的PNG图像格式,可以根据前面的512个字节自动输出对应的头部。)允许客户端通过HTTP请求参数设置高度、宽度和颜色等参数。
// Surface computes an SVG rendering of a 3-D surface function. package main import ( "fmt" "math" "net/http" "strconv" ) var height,width float64 = 300 , 600 var cells float64= 100 // number of grid cells var xyrange float64= 30.0 // axis ranges (-xyrange..+xyrange) var xyscale float64= width / 2 / xyrange // pixels per x or y unit var zscale float64= height * 0.4 // pixels per z unit var angle float64= math.Pi / 6 // angle of x, y axes (=30°) var sin30, cos30 = math.Sin(angle), math.Cos(angle) // sin(30°), cos(30°) func main() { //http服务 http.HandleFunc("/",handle) http.ListenAndServe("0.0.0.0:8000",nil) } func handle(w http.ResponseWriter,r *http.Request){ w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "image/svg+xml") if err := r.ParseForm();err != nil{ return } //var height int //var width int for k,v := range r.Form{ if k == "height"{ h, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(v[0],64) if h>0 {height = h} } if k == "width"{ w, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(v[0],64) if w>0 {width = w} } } xyscale = width / 2 / xyrange zscale = height * 0.4 fmt.Fprintf(w,"<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' "+ "style='stroke: #ff0000; fill: #0000ff; stroke- 0.7' "+ "width='%d' height='%d'>", width, height) for i := 0; i < int(cells); i++ { for j := 0; j < int(cells); j++ { ax, ay := corner(i+1, j) bx, by := corner(i, j) cx, cy := corner(i, j+1) dx, dy := corner(i+1, j+1) fmt.Fprintf(w,"<polygon points='%g,%g %g,%g %g,%g %g,%g'/> ", ax, ay, bx, by, cx, cy, dx, dy) } } fmt.Fprintf(w,"</svg>") } func corner(i, j int) (float64, float64) { // Find point (x,y) at corner of cell (i,j). x := xyrange * (float64(i)/cells - 0.5) y := xyrange * (float64(j)/cells - 0.5) // Compute surface height z. z := f(x, y) // Project (x,y,z) isometrically onto 2-D SVG canvas (sx,sy). sx := width/2 + (x-y)*cos30*xyscale sy := height/2 + (x+y)*sin30*xyscale - z*zscale return sx, sy } func f(x, y float64) float64 { r := math.Hypot(x, y) // distance from (0,0) return math.Sin(r) / r }