6.Calling and leaving program units
6.1Calling ABAP Programs
1.SUBMIT关键词
示例：
REPORT ZTOM_LEANING2. "SUBMIT "语法： *SUBMIT {rep|(name)} [selscreen_options] * [list_options] * [job_options] * [AND RETURN]. "[selscreen_options]: * [USING SELECTION-SCREEN dynnr] * [VIA SELECTION-SCREEN] * [selscreen_parameters] "[USING SELECTION-SCREEN dynnr]:指定调用Executable Program,不知道默认1000 "[VIA SELECTION-SCREEN]:display selection screen,否则后台执行selection screen. "[selscreen_parameters]: * [USING SELECTION-SET variant] * [USING SELECTION-SETS OF PROGRAM prog] "使用variant，使用不同program variant * [WITH SELECTION-TABLE rspar] "rspar的standard表结构RSPARAMS or RSPARAMSL_255 * [WITH expr_syntax1 WITH expr_syntax2 ...] "单个值：sel {EQ|NE|CP|NP|GT|GE|LT|LE} dobj [SIGN sign] "范围值：sel [NOT] BETWEEN dobj1 AND dobj2 [SIGN sign] "Range类型表:sel IN rtab * [WITH FREE SELECTIONS texpr] "[list_options] * [LINE-SIZE width] * [LINE-COUNT page_lines] * { [EXPORTING LIST TO MEMORY] * | [TO SAP-SPOOL spool_options] } "示例：DEMO_PROGRAM_SUBMIT_LINE "spool_options: * SPOOL PARAMETERS pri_params * [ARCHIVE PARAMETERS arc_params] * WITHOUT SPOOL DYNPRO... "[job_options] *[USER user] VIA JOB job NUMBER n... "定义屏幕 SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF SCREEN 1200. PARAMETERS: params RADIOBUTTON GROUP grp1. PARAMETERS: params1 RADIOBUTTON GROUP grp1. SELECTION-SCREEN END OF SCREEN 1200. CLASS demo_submit DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION. CLASS-METHODS main. ENDCLASS. CLASS demo_submit IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD main. DATA: lr_seltab TYPE RANGE OF i, ls_selection LIKE LINE OF lr_seltab, int TYPE i, lt_rspar TYPE TABLE OF rsparams, wa_rspar LIKE LINE OF lt_rspar. "调用屏幕 CALL SELECTION-SCREEN 1200 STARTING AT 10 10. IF sy-subrc <> 0. RETURN. ENDIF. IF params = 'X'. wa_rspar-selname = 'SELECTO'. wa_rspar-kind = 'S'. wa_rspar-sign = 'E'. wa_rspar-option = 'BT'. wa_rspar-low = 14. wa_rspar-high = 17. APPEND wa_rspar TO lt_rspar. wa_rspar-selname = 'SELECTO'. wa_rspar-kind = 'S'. wa_rspar-sign = 'I'. wa_rspar-option = 'GT'. wa_rspar-low = 10. APPEND wa_rspar TO lt_rspar. wa_rspar-selname = 'PARAMET'. wa_rspar-kind = 'P'. wa_rspar-low = 'RSPARAMS'. APPEND wa_rspar TO lt_rspar. "使用Selection table SUBMIT ZTOM_LEANING3 VIA SELECTION-SCREEN WITH SELECTION-TABLE lt_rspar AND RETURN. ELSEIF params1 = 'X'. ls_selection-sign = 'I'. ls_selection-option = 'BT'. ls_selection-low = 1. ls_selection-high = 5. APPEND ls_selection TO lr_seltab. "使用with + 参数名 SUBMIT ZTOM_LEANING3 VIA SELECTION-SCREEN WITH paramet EQ 'WITH EXPR' WITH selecto IN lr_seltab WITH selecto NE 3 AND RETURN. ENDIF. ENDMETHOD. ENDCLASS. START-OF-SELECTION. demo_submit=>main( ). "EXPORTING LIST TO MEMORY "必须和AND RETURN配合 FORM f_export_list. DATA list_tab TYPE TABLE OF abaplist. SUBMIT report EXPORTING LIST TO MEMORY AND RETURN. CALL FUNCTION 'LIST_FROM_MEMORY' TABLES listobject = list_tab EXCEPTIONS not_found = 1 OTHERS = 2. IF sy-subrc = 0. CALL FUNCTION 'WRITE_LIST' TABLES listobject = list_tab. ENDIF. ENDFORM. "spool options FORM f_spool_opt. DATA: print_parameters TYPE pri_params, archi_parameters TYPE arc_params, valid_flag TYPE c LENGTH 1. "获取print参数 CALL FUNCTION 'GET_PRINT_PARAMETERS' EXPORTING report = 'SUBMITABLE' archive_mode = '3' IMPORTING out_parameters = print_parameters out_archive_parameters = archi_parameters valid = valid_flag EXCEPTIONS invalid_print_params = 2 OTHERS = 4. IF valid_flag = 'X' AND sy-subrc = 0. SUBMIT submitable TO SAP-SPOOL SPOOL PARAMETERS print_parameters ARCHIVE PARAMETERS archi_parameters WITHOUT SPOOL DYNPRO. ENDIF. ENDFORM. "job options FORM f_job_opt. DATA:number TYPE tbtcjob-jobcount, name TYPE tbtcjob-jobname VALUE 'JOB_TEST', print_parameters TYPE pri_params. ... "开启job CALL FUNCTION 'JOB_OPEN' EXPORTING jobname = name IMPORTING jobcount = number EXCEPTIONS cant_create_job = 1 invalid_job_data = 2 jobname_missing = 3 OTHERS = 4. IF sy-subrc = 0. SUBMIT submitable TO SAP-SPOOL SPOOL PARAMETERS print_parameters WITHOUT SPOOL DYNPRO VIA JOB name NUMBER number AND RETURN. IF sy-subrc = 0. "关闭job CALL FUNCTION 'JOB_CLOSE' EXPORTING jobcount = number jobname = name strtimmed = 'X' EXCEPTIONS cant_start_immediate = 1 invalid_startdate = 2 jobname_missing = 3 job_close_failed = 4 job_nosteps = 5 job_notex = 6 lock_failed = 7 OTHERS = 8. IF sy-subrc <> 0. ... ENDIF. ENDIF. ENDIF. ENDFORM.
2.Call Transaction
示例：
"Calling Transactions "1.CALL TRANSACTION "语法： *CALL TRANSACTION ta { [AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN] * | [USING bdc_tab [bdc_options]] }. "bdc_tab类型BDCDATA "[bdc_options]: *{ {[MODE mode] [UPDATE upd]} * |[OPTIONS FROM opt]} *[MESSAGES INTO itab] "MODE: "'A',screen display; "'E',screen display only error occurs; "'N',process without screen display; "'P',process without screen display,debug; "UPDATE: "'A',异步更新，commit work; "'S',同步更新，commit work and wait; "'L',本地更新，SET UPDATE TASK LOCAL; "OPTIONS,表类型CTU_PARAMS "包含mode,update等设置字段 "2.LEAVE TO TRANSACTION "语法： *LEAVE TO { {TRANSACTION ta} | {CURRENT TRANSACTION} } * [AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN]. FORM f_call_trans. "订单number DATA:lv_order TYPE vbak-vbeln. "transaction call,spa/gpa parameters SET PARAMETER ID 'AUN' FIELD lv_order. CALL TRANSACTION 'VA03' AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN. "transaction call,bdc table DATA class_name TYPE c LENGTH 30 VALUE 'CL_SPFLI_PERSISTENT'. DATA: bdcdata_wa TYPE bdcdata, bdcdata_tab TYPE TABLE OF bdcdata. DATA opt TYPE ctu_params. CLEAR bdcdata_wa. bdcdata_wa-program = 'SAPLSEOD'. bdcdata_wa-dynpro = '1000'. bdcdata_wa-dynbegin = 'X'. APPEND bdcdata_wa TO bdcdata_tab. CLEAR bdcdata_wa. bdcdata_wa-fnam = 'BDC_CURSOR'. bdcdata_wa-fval = 'SEOCLASS-CLSNAME'. APPEND bdcdata_wa TO bdcdata_tab. CLEAR bdcdata_wa. bdcdata_wa-fnam = 'SEOCLASS-CLSNAME'. bdcdata_wa-fval = class_name. APPEND bdcdata_wa TO bdcdata_tab. CLEAR bdcdata_wa. bdcdata_wa-fnam = 'BDC_OKCODE'. bdcdata_wa-fval = '=WB_DISPLAY'. APPEND bdcdata_wa TO bdcdata_tab. opt-dismode = 'E'. opt-defsize = 'X'. CALL TRANSACTION 'SE24' USING bdcdata_tab OPTIONS FROM opt. ENDFORM.
6.2Calling Processing Blocks
Procedure可以内部，外部调用。
内部调用：定义Class的可见methods;Function Group中Function Modules;Subroutine子程序；
外部调用：Global Class,public class全局调用；protected子类调用；private本身和友类调用；Function Module;
Method Calls:静态调用，动态调用；
静态调用：
meth( ... ) - standalone method call
meth( ... ) - functional method call
...meth1( ... )->meth2( ... )->... - method chaining
动态调用：
CALL METHOD
示例：
"静态方法调用 *{ static_meth( ) *| static_meth( a ) *| static_meth( p1 = a1 p2 = a2 ... ) *| static_meth( [EXPORTING p1 = a1 p2 = a2 ...] * { [IMPORTING p1 = a1 p2 = a2 ...] * [CHANGING p1 = a1 p2 = a2 ...] } * | [RECEIVING r = a] * [EXCEPTIONS [exc1 = n1 exc2 = n2 ...] * [OTHERS = n_others]] ) } "类方法调用 "同一个类方法可以直接meth( )调用或me->meth( ) *meth | oref->meth | class=>meth | super->meth | super->constructor "Functional Method Call "这种method只有输入参数，使用return定义返回值 *{ static_meth( ) *| static_meth( a ) *| static_meth( p1 = a1 p2 = a2 ... ) } "链式方法调用 "返回值为类对象引用 *{ static_meth( ... )->meth1( ... )->meth2( ... )->...->meth( ... )} *| { static_meth( ... )->meth1( ... )->meth2( ... )->...->attr } "动态方法调用 "语法： *CALL METHOD dynamic_meth { parameter_list * | parameter_tables }. "dynamic_meth: * (meth_name) *| cref->(meth_name) *| iref->(meth_name) *| (class_name)=>(meth_name) *| (class_name)=>meth *| class=>(meth_name) "parameter *[PARAMETER-TABLE ptab] *[EXCEPTION-TABLE etab]. "ptab-name，length 30; "ptab-kind值：类CL_ABAP_OBJECTDESCR定义const值; "ptab-value：data reference; "etab-name,length 30,大写； "etab-value,i类型; FORM f_dynamic_meth_call. DATA: line TYPE c LENGTH 80, text_tab LIKE STANDARD TABLE OF line, filename TYPE string, filetype TYPE c LENGTH 10, fleng TYPE i. DATA: meth TYPE string, class TYPE string, ptab TYPE abap_parmbind_tab, ptab_line TYPE abap_parmbind, etab TYPE abap_excpbind_tab, etab_line TYPE abap_excpbind. DATA: exc_ref TYPE REF TO cx_sy_dyn_call_error, exc_text TYPE string. "调用class,method class = 'CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICES'. meth = 'GUI_DOWNLOAD'. filename = 'c: emp ext.txt'. filetype = 'ASC'. ptab_line-name = 'FILENAME'. ptab_line-kind = cl_abap_objectdescr=>exporting. GET REFERENCE OF filename INTO ptab_line-value. INSERT ptab_line INTO TABLE ptab. ptab_line-name = 'FILETYPE'. ptab_line-kind = cl_abap_objectdescr=>exporting. GET REFERENCE OF filetype INTO ptab_line-value. INSERT ptab_line INTO TABLE ptab. ptab_line-name = 'DATA_TAB'. ptab_line-kind = cl_abap_objectdescr=>changing. GET REFERENCE OF text_tab INTO ptab_line-value. INSERT ptab_line INTO TABLE ptab. ptab_line-name = 'FILELENGTH'. ptab_line-kind = cl_abap_objectdescr=>importing. GET REFERENCE OF fleng INTO ptab_line-value. INSERT ptab_line INTO TABLE ptab. etab_line-name = 'OTHERS'. etab_line-value = 4. INSERT etab_line INTO TABLE etab. TRY. CALL METHOD (class)=>(meth) PARAMETER-TABLE ptab EXCEPTION-TABLE etab. CASE sy-subrc. WHEN 1. ENDCASE. CATCH cx_sy_dyn_call_error INTO exc_ref. exc_text = exc_ref->get_text( ). MESSAGE exc_text TYPE 'I'. ENDTRY. ENDFORM.
CALL FUNCTION
General Function Module Call
1. CALL FUNCTION func { parameter_list | parameter_tables }.
Registration of an Update Task Function Module
2. CALL FUNCTION update_function IN UPDATE TASK
[EXPORTING p1 = a1 p2 = a2 ...]
[TABLES t1 = itab1 t2 = itab2 ...].
Remote Function Call
3. CALL FUNCTION... DESTINATION ...
示例1：general function call
"Function Call "一般function调用 "CALL FUNCTION func { parameter_list | parameter_tables }. "function parameter *[EXPORTING p1 = a1 p2 = a2 ...] *[IMPORTING p1 = a1 p2 = a2 ...] *[TABLES t1 = itab1 t2 = itab2 ...] *[CHANGING p1 = a1 p2 = a2 ...] *[EXCEPTIONS [exc1 = n1 exc2 = n2 ...] * [error_message = n_error] * [OTHERS = n_others] ]. "EXCEPTIONS exc1 = n1 exc2 = n2 ... OTHERS = n_others "最多0-65535个exception； "sy-subrc = 0，无exception，否则返回对应exception对应n值; "使用RAISE or MESSAGE RAISING + execn,抛出具体exception; "使用RAISE不指定exception,runtime error; "使用MESSAGE RAISING不知道exception,抛出信息，然后程序是否执行取决于信息类型； "S, I, or W类型，只后台log记录； "E and A,exception信息sy-msgid, sy-msgno, sy-msgty, and sy-msgv1, ... sy-msgv4; "X,short dumps; "和动态method call类似 *[PARAMETER-TABLE ptab] *[EXCEPTION-TABLE etab] "ptab类型：ABAP_FUNC_PARMBIND_TAB "ptab 行类型：ABAP_FUNC_PARMBIND "ptab-name,length 30; "ptab-kind,abap定义类型， *- ABAP_FUNC_EXPORTING for input parameters *- ABAP_FUNC_IMPORTING for output parameters *- ABAP_FUNC_TABLES for table parameters *- ABAP_FUNC_CHANGING for input/output parameters "ptab-value,数据引用; "ptab-tables_wa，数据引用,abap_func_tables参数的header line; FORM f_dynamic_func_call. DATA: line TYPE c LENGTH 80, text_tab LIKE STANDARD TABLE OF line, filename TYPE string, filetype TYPE c LENGTH 10, fleng TYPE i. DATA: func TYPE string, ptab TYPE abap_func_parmbind_tab, ptab_line TYPE abap_func_parmbind, etab TYPE abap_func_excpbind_tab, etab_line TYPE abap_func_excpbind. func = 'GUI_DOWNLOAD'. filename = 'c: emp ext.txt'. filetype = 'ASC'. ptab_line-name = 'FILENAME'. ptab_line-kind = abap_func_exporting. GET REFERENCE OF filename INTO ptab_line-value. INSERT ptab_line INTO TABLE ptab. ptab_line-name = 'FILETYPE'. ptab_line-kind = abap_func_exporting. GET REFERENCE OF filetype INTO ptab_line-value. INSERT ptab_line INTO TABLE ptab. ptab_line-name = 'DATA_TAB'. ptab_line-kind = abap_func_tables. GET REFERENCE OF text_tab INTO ptab_line-value. INSERT ptab_line INTO TABLE ptab. ptab_line-name = 'FILELENGTH'. ptab_line-kind = abap_func_importing. GET REFERENCE OF fleng INTO ptab_line-value. INSERT ptab_line INTO TABLE ptab. etab_line-name = 'OTHERS'. etab_line-value = 10. INSERT etab_line INTO TABLE etab. "动态调用func CALL FUNCTION func PARAMETER-TABLE ptab EXCEPTION-TABLE etab. CASE sy-subrc. WHEN 1. ENDCASE. ENDFORM.
示例2：call function in update task
"Call Function in update task *CALL FUNCTION update_function IN UPDATE TASK * [EXPORTING p1 = a1 p2 = a2 ...] * [TABLES t1 = itab1 t2 = itab2 ...].
示例3：RFC
"Remote Function Call(RFC) "同步function *1. CALL FUNCTION func DESTINATION dest parameter_list. "异步function *2. CALL FUNCTION func STARTING NEW TASK task * [DESTINATION {dest|{IN GROUP {group|DEFAULT}}}] * [{PERFORMING subr}|{CALLING meth} ON END OF TASK] * parameter_list. "background function(bgRFC) *3. CALL FUNCTION func IN BACKGROUND UNIT parameter_list. "transactional function(tRFC) *4. CALL FUNCTION func IN BACKGROUND TASK * [AS SEPARATE UNIT] * [DESTINATION dest] * parameter_list. "bgRFC是tRFC的增强，推荐使用
PERFORM
子程序调用
General Subroutine Call
1. PERFORM subr_identifier [parameter_list].
Registration of Subroutines
2. PERFORM subr ON { {COMMIT [LEVEL idx]} | {ROLLBACK} }.
示例：
"form "perform调用子程序 *PERFORM subr_identifier [parameter_list]. "subr_identifier *subr | {subr|(sname) IN PROGRAM [prog|(pname)] [IF FOUND]} *| {n OF subr1 subr2 ...} "[parameter_list] *[TABLES itab1 itab2 ...] *[USING a1 a2 ...] *[CHANGING a1 a2 ...].
6.3Exiting Program Units
退出Program。
LEAVE PROGRAM
退出Process Blocks
RETURN
EXIT
CHECK
STOP
CHECK SELECT-OPTIONS (obsolete, for logical databases only)
REJECT (obsolete, for logical databases only)
示例：
"1.退出Program "LEAVE PROGRAM. "2.退出block "RETURN "EXIT "CHECK log_exp. "log_exp,逻辑表达式 *{ {operand1 {=|EQ|<>|NE|>|GT|<|LT|>=|GE|<=|LE * |CO|CN|CA|NA|CS|NS|CP|NP * |BYTE-CO|BYTE-CN|BYTE-CA|BYTE-NA|BYTE-CS|BYTE-NS * |O|Z|M} operand2 } * | {operand [NOT] BETWEEN operand1 AND operand2} * | {<fs> IS [NOT] ASSIGNED} * | {ref IS [NOT] BOUND} * | {operand IS [NOT] INITIAL} * | {para IS [NOT] REQUESTED} * | {para IS [NOT] SUPPLIED} * | {[operand [NOT] IN] seltab} } "LOAD-OF-PROGRAM event block "不能使用return,exit,check退出 "STOP "只可以在下面block使用 *AT SELECTION-SCREEN (without additions) *START-OF-SELECTION *GET "3.退出loops *EXIT,退出循环 *CONTINUE,跳过本次循环 *CHECK,如果check失败，跳出循环