监控数据库运行

查看数据库登录名信息

use master
go
SELECT name                                AS LoginName ,
       dbname                              AS DefaultDB ,
       createdate                          AS CreateDate,
       updatedate                          AS UpdateDate,
       language                            AS Language  ,
       CASE WHEN isntname = 1 THEN 'NT USER'
           ELSE 'SQL USER'    END          AS UserType
FROM syslogins;

查看数据库用户信息 

SELECT * FROM sysusers; 

查看用户拥有的服务器角色 

方法1： 用SSMS管理工具查看

方法2： 脚本查询

SELECT name            ,
       CASE WHEN sysadmin     = 1       THEN 'yes'     ELSE '' END AS IsSysadmin        ,
       CASE WHEN dbcreator    = 1       THEN 'yes'     ELSE '' END AS IsDbCreate        ,
       CASE WHEN securityadmin= 1       THEN 'yes'     ELSE '' END AS IsSecurityadmin   ,
       CASE WHEN bulkadmin    = 1       THEN 'yes'     ELSE '' END AS IsBulkadmin       ,
       CASE WHEN diskadmin    = 1       THEN 'yes'     ELSE '' END AS IsDiskadmin       ,
       CASE WHEN processadmin = 1       THEN 'yes'     ELSE '' END AS IsProcessadmin    ,
       CASE WHEN serveradmin  = 1       THEN 'yes'     ELSE '' END AS IsServeradmin     ,
       CASE WHEN setupadmin   = 1       THEN 'yes'     ELSE '' END AS IsSetupadmin    
FROM syslogins
--WHERE NAME='loginname'

查看最大工作线程数

SELECT  max_workers_count
  FROM  sys.dm_os_sys_info

查看当前用户进程的会话ID

SELECT @@SPID

查询当前会话使用哪种协议

SELECT net_transport
FROM   sys.dm_exec_connections
WHERE session_id = @@SPID;

查看当前连接的会话信息

--进程号1--50是SQL Server系统内部用的
SELECT * FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions WHERE session_id >=51
 
--查看某台机器的连接会话信息
SELECT * FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions WHERE session_id >=51 AND host_name='PO130018801'
 
--查看某个登录名的连接会话信息
SELECT * FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions WHERE session_id >=51 AND login_name='username'
 
--查看活动的连接会话信息
SELECT * FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions WITH(NOWAIT) WHERE session_id >=51 AND status ='running'
 
--查找连接到服务器的用户并返回每个用户的会话数
SELECT  login_name ,
        COUNT(session_id) AS session_count
FROM    sys.dm_exec_sessions
GROUP BY login_name ;

查看正在执行的SQL语句

方法1： 选择数据库实例，单击右键，选择”活动监视器“，监控/查看正在执行的SQL
方法2： profile去跟踪，比较耗费资源。
方法3：

SELECT[Spid] = session_Id ,
      ecid ,
      [Database] = DB_NAME(sp.dbid) ,
      [User] = nt_username ,
      [Status] = er.status ,
      [Wait] = wait_type ,
      [Individual Query] = SUBSTRING(qt.text, er.statement_start_offset / 2,
                                     ( CASE WHEN er.statement_end_offset = -1
                                            THEN LEN(CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), qt.text))
                                                 * 2
                                            ELSE er.statement_end_offset
                                       END - er.statement_start_offset ) / 2) ,
      [Parent Query] = qt.text ,
      Program = program_name ,
      Hostname ,
      nt_domain ,
      start_time
  FROM sys.dm_exec_requests er
      INNER JOIN sys.sysprocesses sp ON er.session_id = sp.spid
      CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(er.sql_handle) AS qt
 WHERE session_Id >= 51

方法4:

SELECT   m.session_id ,
         m.start_time ,
         m.command    ,
         m.wait_type  ,
         m.cpu_time   ,
        CAST(s.text AS VARCHAR(1000)) AS sqlText
 FROM master.sys.dm_exec_requests m WITH ( NOLOCK )
     CROSS APPLY fn_get_sql(m.sql_handle) s
 
SELECT  r.session_id,
        r.start_time      ,
        r.command         ,
        r.wait_type       ,
        r.cpu_time        ,
        s.text  
 FROM sys.dm_exec_requests r
     CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(r.sql_handle) s

--查看某个会话ID正在执行的SQL

SELECT  m.session_id ,
        m.start_time ,
        m.command    ,
        m.wait_type  ,
        m.cpu_time   ,
      CAST(s.text AS VARCHAR(1000)) AS sqlText
  FROM master.sys.dm_exec_requests m WITH ( NOLOCK )
      CROSS APPLY fn_get_sql(m.sql_handle) s
 WHERE m.session_id = 342
 
    SELECT   r.session_id      ,
             r.start_time      ,
             r.command         ,
             r.wait_type       ,
             r.cpu_time        ,
             s.text  
  FROM sys.dm_exec_requests r
      CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(r.sql_handle) s
WHERE r.session_id =342

查看SQL SERVER进程执行的语句

USE master
 go
DECLARE @spid INT ;
 
DECLARE @sql_handle BINARY(20) ;
 
SET @spid = 56
 
  SELECT @sql_handle = sql_handle
    FROM sysprocesses AS A WITH ( NOLOCK )
   WHERE spid = @spid ;
 
  SELECT text
    FROM::fn_get_sql(@sql_handle) ;

查找TOP N语句

按平均 CPU 时间返回排名前十个的查询的相关信息。此示例将根据查询的查询哈希对查询进行聚合，以便按照查询的累积资源消耗来分组在逻辑上等效的查询。
--注意：SQL 2005 某些版本，没有sys.dm_exec_query_stats系统动态视图没有query_hash视图。

USE AXLIVEP1
GO
SELECT TOP 10 query_stats.query_hash             AS "Query Hash",
    SUM(query_stats.total_worker_time) /
    SUM(query_stats.execution_count)             AS "Avg CPU Time",
    MIN(query_stats.statement_text)              AS "Statement Text"
FROM
    (SELECT QS.*,
    SUBSTRING(ST.text,(QS.statement_start_offset/2) + 1,
    ((CASE statement_end_offset
        WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text)
        ELSE QS.statement_end_offset END
            - QS.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) AS statement_text
     FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS QS
     CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(QS.sql_handle) as ST) as query_stats
GROUP BY query_stats.query_hash
ORDER BY 2 DESC;
GO

查看会话阻塞/死锁信息

方法1：查看那个引起阻塞，查看blk不为0的记录，如果存在阻塞进程，则是该阻塞进程的会话 ID。否则该列为零。
    EXEC sp_who active
方法2：查看那个引起阻塞，查看字段BlkBy，这个能够得到比sp_who更多的信息。
　　EXEC sp_who2 active
方法3：sp_lock 系统存储过程，报告有关锁的信息，但是不方便定位问题
　　
方法4：sp_who_deadlock存储过程,查找死所sessionId

USE [DEV]
GO

/****** Object:  StoredProcedure [dbo].[sp_who_deadlock]    Script Date: 07/18/2016 10:29:59 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS OFF
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[sp_who_deadlock] AS

declare @spid int,@bl int
DECLARE s_cur CURSOR FOR 
select  0 ,blocked
from (select * from sys.sysprocesses where  blocked>0 ) a 
where not exists(select * from (select * from sys.sysprocesses where  blocked>0 ) b 
where a.blocked=spid)
union select spid,blocked from sys.sysprocesses where  blocked>0
OPEN s_cur
FETCH NEXT FROM s_cur INTO @spid,@bl
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
begin if @spid =0 begin
     select 'Deadlock due to SPID# '+ CAST(@bl AS VARCHAR(10)) + ', the SQL statement is:'
     select spid, hostname, program_name, cmd, loginame, last_batch from sys.sysprocesses where spid = @bl
     DBCC INPUTBUFFER (@bl)
end
FETCH NEXT FROM s_cur INTO @spid,@bl
end
CLOSE s_cur
DEALLOCATE s_cur

GO

方法5：右键服务器-选择“活动和监视器”，查看进程选项。注意“任务状态”字段。

方法6：右键服务名称-选择报表-标准报表-活动-所有正在阻塞的事务。

查看内存状态
dbcc memorystatus

查看脚本执行时间

方法1： 查看SSMS管理器，查询窗口右下角
方法2:

DECLARE @exectime DATETIME
  SELECT@exectime = GETDATE()
--SQL 语句
PRINT N'SQL执行耗时:' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), DATEDIFF(ms, @exectime, GETDATE()))

方法3:
SET STATISTICS TIME ON
查看进程正在执行的SQL语句
dbcc inputbuffer ()

查看那些表缺少索引
下面语句功能强大，执行结果受统计信息的影响

SELECT sys.objects.name table_name,
       mid.statement full_name,
    (migs.avg_total_user_cost * migs.avg_user_impact) *(migs.user_seeks + migs.user_scans) AS Impact,
    migs.avg_user_impact *(migs.user_seeks + migs.user_scans) Avg_Estimated_Impact,
    'CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX IDX_' + sys.objects.name + '_N ON '
        + sys.objects.name COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT
        + ' ( ' + IsNull(mid.equality_columns, '')
        + CASE WHEN mid.inequality_columns IS NULL
                THEN ''
            ELSE
                CASE WHEN mid.equality_columns IS NULL
                    THEN ''
                ELSE ','
                END + mid.inequality_columns
            END + ' ) '
        + CASE WHEN mid.included_columns IS NULL
                THEN ''
            ELSE 'INCLUDE (' + mid.included_columns + ')' END
        + ';' AS CreateIndexStatement,
    mid.equality_columns,
    mid.inequality_columns,
    mid.included_columns
FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats AS migs
    INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_groups AS mig ON migs.group_handle = mig.index_group_handle
    INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_details AS mid ON mig.index_handle = mid.index_handle
        AND mid.database_id = DB_ID()
    INNER JOIN sys.objects WITH (nolock) ON mid.OBJECT_ID = sys.objects.OBJECT_ID
WHERE (migs.group_handle IN
        (
            SELECT TOP (500) group_handle
            FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats WITH (nolock)
            ORDER BY (avg_total_user_cost * avg_user_impact) *(user_seeks + user_scans) DESC))
    AND OBJECTPROPERTY(sys.objects.OBJECT_ID, 'isusertable')=1
--ORDER BY [Impact] DESC, [full_name] DESC
ORDER BY [table_name], [Impact] desc

查看应该被移除的索引

查看那些多余的、应该被移除的索引
SQL1:

SELECT OBJECTNAME = OBJECT_NAME(I.OBJECT_ID),
    INDEXNAME = I.NAME,
    I.INDEX_ID
FROM SYS.INDEXES I
    JOIN SYS.OBJECTS O ON I.OBJECT_ID = O.OBJECT_ID
WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(O.OBJECT_ID,'IsUserTable') = 1
    AND I.INDEX_ID NOT IN(
                            SELECT S.INDEX_ID
                            FROM SYS.DM_DB_INDEX_USAGE_STATS S
                            WHERE S.OBJECT_ID = I.OBJECT_ID
                                AND I.INDEX_ID = S.INDEX_ID
                                AND DATABASE_ID = DB_ID())
ORDER BY OBJECTNAME, I.INDEX_ID, INDEXNAME ASC

SQL2:

SELECT DB_NAME(database_id)         AS  N'DEV'  ,
       OBJECT_NAME(U.object_id)     AS  N'Table_Name'    ,
       I.name                       AS  N'Index_Name'    ,
       user_seeks                   AS  N'用户索引查找次数',
       user_scans                   AS  N'用户索引扫描次数',
       last_user_seek               AS  N'最后查找时间'   ,
       last_user_scan               AS  N'最后扫描时间'   --,
       --rows                         AS  N'表中的行数'
FROM sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats AS U
   INNER JOIN sys.indexes I ON U.index_id= I.index_id AND U.object_id= I.object_id
  INNER JOIN sys.indexes T ON I.object_id = T.index_id
WHERE database_id= DB_ID('DEV')
AND OBJECT_NAME(U.object_id)='InventTrans'
ORDER BY user_seeks, user_scans, object_name(U.object_id);