一.drf-jwt手动签发与校验
1.自定义drf-jwt的配置
settings.py文件中配置
import datetime JWT_AUTH = { # user => payload 'JWT_PAYLOAD_HANDLER': 'rest_framework_jwt.utils.jwt_payload_handler', # payload => token 'JWT_ENCODE_HANDLER': 'rest_framework_jwt.utils.jwt_encode_handler', # token => payload 'JWT_DECODE_HANDLER': 'rest_framework_jwt.utils.jwt_decode_handler', # token过期时间 'JWT_EXPIRATION_DELTA': datetime.timedelta(days=7), # token刷新的过期时间 'JWT_REFRESH_EXPIRATION_DELTA': datetime.timedelta(days=7), # 反爬小措施前缀 'JWT_AUTH_HEADER_PREFIX': 'JWT', }
2.签发token
源码入口
# 前提：给一个局部禁用了所有认证与权限的视图类发送用户信息得到token，其实就是登录接口 # 1）rest_framework_jwt.views.ObtainJSONWebToken 的 父类 JSONWebTokenAPIView 的 post 方法 # 接受有username、password的post请求 # 2）post方法将请求数据交给 rest_framework_jwt.serializer.JSONWebTokenSerializer 处理 # 完成数据的校验，会走序列化类的 全局钩子校验规则，校验得到登录用户并签发token存储在序列化对象中
核心源码：rest_framework_jwt.serializer.JSONWebTokenSerializer的全局钩子函数validate(self,attrs)方法
def validate(self, attrs): # 账号密码字典 credentials = { self.username_field: attrs.get(self.username_field), 'password': attrs.get('password') } if all(credentials.values()): # 签发token第1步：用账号密码得到user对象 user = authenticate(**credentials) if user: if not user.is_active: msg = _('User account is disabled.') raise serializers.ValidationError(msg) # 签发token第2步：通过user得到payload，payload包含着用户信息与过期时间 payload = jwt_payload_handler(user) # 在视图类中，可以通过 序列化对象.object.get('user'或者'token') 拿到user和token return { # 签发token第3步：通过payload签发出token 'token': jwt_encode_handler(payload), 'user': user } else: msg = _('Unable to log in with provided credentials.') raise serializers.ValidationError(msg) else: msg = _('Must include "{username_field}" and "password".') msg = msg.format(username_field=self.username_field) raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)
手动签发token逻辑
# 1）通过username、password得到user对象 # 2）通过user对象生成payload：jwt_payload_handler(user) => payload # from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler # 3）通过payload签发token：jwt_encode_handler(payload) => token # from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler
案例：实现多方式登录签发token（用户名/手机号/邮箱都可登录）
model.py
from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser class User(AbstractUser): mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True) class Meta: db_table = 'api_user' verbose_name = '用户表' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.username
serializers.py
from rest_framework import serializers from . import models import re # 拿到前台token的两个函数： user => payload => token # from rest_framework_jwt.settings import api_settings # jwt_payload_handler = api_settings.JWT_PAYLOAD_HANDLER # jwt_encode_handler = api_settings.JWT_ENCODE_HANDLER from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler # 1) 前台提交多种登录信息都采用一个key，所以后台可以自定义反序列化字段进行对应 # 2) 序列化类要处理序列化与反序列化，要在fields中设置model绑定的Model类所有使用到的字段 # 3) 区分序列化字段与反序列化字段 read_only | write_only # 4) 在自定义校验规则中（局部钩子、全局钩子）校验数据是否合法、确定登录的用户、根据用户签发token # 5) 将登录的用户与签发的token保存在序列化类对象中 class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 自定义反序列字段：一定要设置write_only，只参与反序列化，不会与model类字段映射 usr = serializers.CharField(write_only=True) pwd = serializers.CharField(write_only=True) class Meta: model = models.User fields = ['usr', 'pwd', 'username', 'mobile', 'email'] # 系统校验规则 extra_kwargs = { 'username': { 'read_only': True }, 'mobile': { 'read_only': True }, 'email': { 'read_only': True }, } def validate(self, attrs): usr = attrs.get('usr') pwd = attrs.get('pwd') # 多方式登录：各分支处理得到该方式下对应的用户 if re.match(r'.+@.+', usr): user_query = models.User.objects.filter(email=usr) elif re.match(r'1[3-9][0-9]{9}', usr): user_query = models.User.objects.filter(mobile=usr) else: user_query = models.User.objects.filter(username=usr) user_obj = user_query.first() # 签发：得到登录用户，签发token并存储在实例化对象中 if user_obj and user_obj.check_password(pwd): # 签发token，将token存放到 实例化类对象的token 名字中 payload = jwt_payload_handler(user_obj) token = jwt_encode_handler(payload) # 将当前用户与签发的token都保存在序列化对象中 self.user = user_obj self.token = token return attrs raise serializers.ValidationError({'data': '数据有误'})
views.py
#实现多方式登陆签发token：账号、手机号、邮箱等登陆 # 1) 禁用认证与权限组件 # 2) 拿到前台登录信息，交给序列化类 # 3) 序列化类校验得到登录用户与token存放在序列化对象中 # 4) 取出登录用户与token返回给前台 import re from . import serializers, models from utils.response import APIResponse from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler class LoginAPIView(APIView): # 1) 禁用认证与权限组件 authentication_classes = [] permission_classes = [] def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 2) 拿到前台登录信息，交给序列化类，规则：账号用usr传，密码用pwd传 user_ser = serializers.UserModelSerializer(data=request.data) # 3) 序列化类校验得到登录用户与token存放在序列化对象中 user_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True) # 4) 取出登录用户与token返回给前台 return APIResponse(token=user_ser.token, results=serializers.UserModelSerializer(user_ser.user).data) # "一根筋" 思考方式：所有逻辑都在视图类中处理 def my_post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): usr = request.data.get('usr') pwd = request.data.get('pwd') if re.match(r'.+@.+', usr): user_query = models.User.objects.filter(email=usr) elif re.match(r'1[3-9][0-9]{9}', usr): user_query = models.User.objects.filter(mobile=usr) else: user_query = models.User.objects.filter(username=usr) user_obj = user_query.first() if user_obj and user_obj.check_password(pwd): payload = jwt_payload_handler(user_obj) token = jwt_encode_handler(payload) return APIResponse(results={'username': user_obj.username}, token=token) return APIResponse(data_msg='不可控错误')
3.校验token
源码入口
# 前提：访问一个配置了jwt认证规则的视图类，就需要提交认证字符串token，在认证类中完成token的校验 # 1）rest_framework_jwt.authentication.JSONWebTokenAuthentication 的 父类 BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication 的 authenticate 方法 # 请求头拿认证信息jwt-token => 通过反爬小规则确定有用的token => payload => user
核心源码：
def authenticate(self, request): """ Returns a two-tuple of `User` and token if a valid signature has been supplied using JWT-based authentication. Otherwise returns `None`. """ # 带有反爬小规则的获取token：前台必须按 "jwt token字符串" 方式提交 # 校验user第1步：从请求头 HTTP_AUTHORIZATION 中拿token，并提取 jwt_value = self.get_jwt_value(request) # 游客 if jwt_value is None: return None # 校验 try: # 校验user第2步：token => payload payload = jwt_decode_handler(jwt_value) except jwt.ExpiredSignature: msg = _('Signature has expired.') raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg) except jwt.DecodeError: msg = _('Error decoding signature.') raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg) except jwt.InvalidTokenError: raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed() # 校验user第3步：token => payload user = self.authenticate_credentials(payload) return (user, jwt_value)
手动校验token逻辑
# 1）从请求头中获取token # 2）根据token解析出payload：jwt_decode_handler(token) => payloay # from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import jwt_decode_handler # 3）根据payload解析出user：self.authenticate_credentials(payload) => user # 继承drf-jwt的BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication，拿到父级的authenticate_credentials方法
案例：自定义认证反爬规则的认证类
authentications.py
import jwt from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import jwt_decode_handler from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed class JWTAuthentication(BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication): def authenticate(self, request): jwt_token = request.META.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION') # 自定义校验规则：auth token jwt token = self.parse_jwt_token(jwt_token) if token is None: return None try: # token => payload payload = jwt_decode_handler(token) except jwt.ExpiredSignature: raise AuthenticationFailed('token已过期') except: raise AuthenticationFailed('非法用户') # payload => user user = self.authenticate_credentials(payload) return (user, token) # 自定义校验规则：auth token jwt，auth为前盐，jwt为后盐 def parse_jwt_token(self, jwt_token): tokens = jwt_token.split() if len(tokens) != 3 or tokens[0].lower() != 'auth' or tokens[2].lower() != 'jwt': return None return tokens[1]
views.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView from utils.response import APIResponse # 必须登录后才能访问 - 通过了认证权限组件 from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated # 自定义jwt校验规则 from .authentications import JWTAuthentication class UserDetail(APIView): authentication_classes = [JWTAuthentication] permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated] def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return APIResponse(results={'username': request.user.username})
二.admin使用自定义User表：新增用户密码密文
from django.contrib import admin from . import models # 自定义User表，admin后台管理，采用密文密码 from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin class MyUserAdmin(UserAdmin): add_fieldsets = ( (None, { 'classes': ('wide',), 'fields': ('username', 'password1', 'password2', 'mobile', 'email'), }), ) admin.site.register(models.User, MyUserAdmin)
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