DRF自定制频率
基于IP的访问频率控制
step 1 首先写一个自定义频率控制类
# 思路
(1)判断请求是否超过限制次数,超过返回False,没有超过则返回True;
(2)限次后,需要等待多少秒才能继续访问。
# 核心业务逻辑
取出访问者的IP,判断:
<1>访问中的IP不在字典VISIT_DICT中,添加进去 ,直接返回True,表示第一次访问;
<2>有值的话,拿当前的时间减去列表的最后一个时间,若大于60秒,把最后一个值给POP掉,让列表中只有60秒的访问时间
<3>判断当前列表小于3,说明访问的次数不足3次,把当前的时间插入到列表的第一个位置,返回True
<4>当大于等于3,说明一分钟内访问超过三次,返回False验证失败
代码实现:
class IPThrottle()
# 定义类属性,所有的对象都可以使用
VISIT_DICT = {}
def __init__(self):
self.history_list = []
def allow_request(self,request,view):
remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
ctime = time.time()
if remote_addr not in self.VISIT_DICT:
self.VISIT_DICT[remote_addr] = [ctime,]
return True
self.history_list = self.VISIT_DICT[remote_addr]
while True:
if ctime - self.history_list[-1] > 60:
self.history_list.pop()
else:
break
if len(self.history_list) < 3:
self.history_list.insert(0,ctime)
return True
else:
return False
def wait(self):
rest_time = 60 -(time.time()-self.history_list[-1])
return rest_time
全局使用:
# 全局配置
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES':['utils.throttling.IPThrottle',],
}
局部使用:
# 在视图中设置
class QueryUserView(GenericViewSet, RetrieveModelMixin):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
pk = None
throttle_classes = [IPThrottle, ]
SimpleRateThrottle源码分析
# from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle
def get_rate(self):
"""
Determine the string representation of the allowed request rate.
"""
if not getattr(self, 'scope', None):
msg = ("You must set either `.scope` or `.rate` for '%s' throttle" %
self.__class__.__name__)
raise ImproperlyConfigured(msg)
try:
return self.THROTTLE_RATES[self.scope] # scope:'user' => '3/min'
except KeyError:
msg = "No default throttle rate set for '%s' scope" % self.scope
raise ImproperlyConfigured(msg)
def parse_rate(self, rate):
"""
Given the request rate string, return a two tuple of:
<allowed number of requests>, <period of time in seconds>
"""
if rate is None:
return (None, None)
#3 mmmmm
num, period = rate.split('/') # rate:'3/min'
num_requests = int(num)
duration = {'s': 1, 'm': 60, 'h': 3600, 'd': 86400}[period[0]]
return (num_requests, duration)
def allow_request(self, request, view):
if self.rate is None:
return True
#当前登录用户的ip地址
self.key = self.get_cache_key(request, view) # key:'throttle_user_1'
if self.key is None:
return True
# 初次访问缓存为空,self.history为[],是存放时间的列表
self.history = self.cache.get(self.key, [])
# 获取一下当前时间,存放到 self.now
self.now = self.timer()
# Drop any requests from the history which have now passed the
# throttle duration
# 当前访问与第一次访问时间间隔如果大于60s,第一次记录清除,不再算作一次计数
# 10 20 30 40
# self.history:[10:23,10:55]
# now:10:56
while self.history and self.now - self.history[-1] >= self.duration:
self.history.pop()
# history的长度与限制次数3进行比较
# history 长度第一次访问0,第二次访问1,第三次访问2,第四次访问3失败
if len(self.history) >= self.num_requests:
# 直接返回False,代表频率限制了
return self.throttle_failure()
# history的长度未达到限制次数3,代表可以访问
# 将当前时间插入到history列表的开头,将history列表作为数据存到缓存中,key是throttle_user_1,过期时间60s
return self.throttle_success()