• OpenResty部署nginx及nginx+lua


    因为用nginx+lua去开发,所以会选择用最流行的开源方案,就是用OpenResty

    nginx+lua打包在一起,而且提供了包括redis客户端,mysql客户端,http客户端在内的大量的组件

    1、部署第一个nginx,作为应用层nginx

    (1)部署openresty

    mkdir -p /usr/servers  
    cd /usr/servers/
    
    yum install -y readline-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel gcc
    
    wget http://openresty.org/download/ngx_openresty-1.7.7.2.tar.gz  
    tar -xzvf ngx_openresty-1.7.7.2.tar.gz  
    cd /usr/servers/ngx_openresty-1.7.7.2/
    
    cd bundle/LuaJIT-2.1-20150120/  
    make clean && make && make install  
    ln -sf luajit-2.1.0-alpha /usr/local/bin/luajit
    
    cd bundle  
    wget https://github.com/FRiCKLE/ngx_cache_purge/archive/2.3.tar.gz  
    tar -xvf 2.3.tar.gz  
    
    cd bundle  
    wget https://github.com/yaoweibin/nginx_upstream_check_module/archive/v0.3.0.tar.gz  
    tar -xvf v0.3.0.tar.gz  
    
    cd /usr/servers/ngx_openresty-1.7.7.2  
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/servers --with-http_realip_module  --with-pcre  --with-luajit --add-module=./bundle/ngx_cache_purge-2.3/ --add-module=./bundle/nginx_upstream_check_module-0.3.0/ -j2  
    make && make install 
    
    cd /usr/servers/  
    ll
    
    /usr/servers/luajit
    /usr/servers/lualib
    /usr/servers/nginx
    /usr/servers/nginx/sbin/nginx -V 
    
    启动nginx: /usr/servers/nginx/sbin/nginx
    

      

    (2)nginx+lua开发的hello world
    vi /usr/servers/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    
    在http部分添加:
    
    lua_package_path "/usr/servers/lualib/?.lua;;";  
    lua_package_cpath "/usr/servers/lualib/?.so;;";  
    
    /usr/servers/nginx/conf下,创建一个lua.conf
    
    server {  
        listen       80;  
        server_name  _;  
    }  
    
    在nginx.conf的http部分添加:
    
    include lua.conf;
    
    验证配置是否正确:
    
    /usr/servers/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
    
    在lua.conf的server部分添加:
    
    location /lua {  
        default_type 'text/html';  
        content_by_lua 'ngx.say("hello world")';  
    } 
    
    /usr/servers/nginx/sbin/nginx -t  
    
    重新nginx加载配置
    
    /usr/servers/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload  
    
    访问http: http://192.168.31.187/lua
    
    vi /usr/servers/nginx/conf/lua/test.lua
    
    ngx.say("hello world"); 
    
    修改lua.conf
    
    location /lua {  
        default_type 'text/html';  
        content_by_lua_file conf/lua/test.lua; 
    }
    

      

    查看异常日志
    
    tail -f /usr/servers/nginx/logs/error.log
    
    (3)工程化的nginx+lua项目结构
    
    项目工程结构
    
    hello
        hello.conf     
        lua              
          hello.lua
        lualib            
          *.lua
          *.so
    
    放在/usr/hello目录下
    
    /usr/servers/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    
    worker_processes  2;  
    
    error_log  logs/error.log;  
    
    events {  
        worker_connections  1024;  
    }  
    
    http {  
        include       mime.types;  
        default_type  text/html;  
      
        lua_package_path "/usr/hello/lualib/?.lua;;";  
        lua_package_cpath "/usr/hello/lualib/?.so;;"; 
        include /usr/hello/hello.conf;  
    }  
    
    /usr/hello/hello.conf
    
    server {  
        listen       80;  
        server_name  _;  
      
        location /lua {  
            default_type 'text/html';  
            lua_code_cache off;  
            content_by_lua_file /usr/example/lua/test.lua;  
        }  
    }  
    

      用eshop-cache01和eshop-cache02作为应用层nginx服务器,用eshop-cache03作为分发层nginx

           在eshop-cache03,也就是分发层nginx中,编写lua脚本,完成基于商品id的流量分发策略

    步骤:

    1、获取请求参数,比如productId
    2、对productId进行hash
    3、hash值对应用服务器数量取模,获取到一个应用服务器
    4、利用http发送请求到应用层nginx
    5、获取响应后返回

    作为一个流量分发的nginx,会发送http请求到后端的应用nginx上面去,所以要先引入lua http lib包

    cd /usr/hello/lualib/resty/  
    wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pintsized/lua-resty-http/master/lib/resty/http_headers.lua  
    wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pintsized/lua-resty-http/master/lib/resty/http.lua 
    

      代码:

     

    local uri_args = ngx.req.get_uri_args()
    local productId = uri_args["productId"]
    
    local hosts = {"192.168.31.187", "192.168.31.19"}
    local hash = ngx.crc32_long(productId)
    local index = (hash % 2) + 1
    backend = "http://"..hosts[index]
    
    local requestPath = uri_args["requestPath"]
    requestPath = "/"..requestPath.."?productId="..productId
    
    local http = require("resty.http")
    local httpc = http.new()
    
    local resp, err = httpc:request_uri(backend,{
      method = "GET",
      path = requestPath
    })
    
    if not resp then
      ngx.say("request error: ", err)
      return
    end
    
    ngx.say(resp.body)
    
    httpc:close()
    

      

    分发层nginx,lua应用,会将商品id,商品店铺id,都转发到后端的应用nginx
    位置:/usr/servers/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

     

    1、应用nginx的lua脚本接收到请求

    2、获取请求参数中的商品id,以及商品店铺id

    3、根据商品id和商品店铺id,在nginx本地缓存中尝试获取数据

    4、如果在nginx本地缓存中没有获取到数据,那么就到redis分布式缓存中获取数据,如果获取到了数据,还要设置到nginx本地缓存中

    但是这里有个问题,建议不要用nginx+lua直接去获取redis数据

    因为openresty没有太好的redis cluster的支持包,所以建议是发送http请求到缓存数据生产服务,由该服务提供一个http接口

    缓存数生产服务可以基于redis cluster api从redis中直接获取数据,并返回给nginx
    cd /usr/hello/lualib/resty/  
    wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pintsized/lua-resty-http/master/lib/resty/http_headers.lua  
    wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pintsized/lua-resty-http/master/lib/resty/http.lua 
    

      

    5、如果缓存数据生产服务没有在redis分布式缓存中没有获取到数据,那么就在自己本地ehcache中获取数据,返回数据给nginx,也要设置到nginx本地缓存中

    6、如果ehcache本地缓存都没有数据,那么就需要去原始的服务中拉去数据,该服务会从mysql中查询,拉去到数据之后,返回给nginx,并重新设置到ehcache和redis中
    7、nginx最终利用获取到的数据,动态渲染网页模板
    cd /usr/hello/lualib/resty/
    wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bungle/lua-resty-template/master/lib/resty/template.lua
    mkdir /usr/hello/lualib/resty/html
    cd /usr/hello/lualib/resty/html
    wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bungle/lua-resty-template/master/lib/resty/template/html.lua
    

      在hello.conf的server中配置模板位置

    set $template_location "/templates";  
    set $template_root "/usr/hello/templates";
    
    mkdir /usr/hello/templates
    
    vi product.html
    
    product id: {* productId *}<br/>
    product name: {* productName *}<br/>
    product picture list: {* productPictureList *}<br/>
    product specification: {* productSpecification *}<br/>
    product service: {* productService *}<br/>
    product color: {* productColor *}<br/>
    product size: {* productSize *}<br/>
    shop id: {* shopId *}<br/>
    shop name: {* shopName *}<br/>
    shop level: {* shopLevel *}<br/>
    shop good cooment rate: {* shopGoodCommentRate *}<br/>
    

      

    8、将渲染后的网页模板作为http响应,返回给分发层nginx
    hello.conf中:
    
    lua_shared_dict my_cache 128m;
    

      lua脚本中:

    local uri_args = ngx.req.get_uri_args()
    local productId = uri_args["productId"]
    local shopId = uri_args["shopId"]
    
    local cache_ngx = ngx.shared.my_cache
    
    local productCacheKey = "product_info_"..productId
    local shopCacheKey = "shop_info_"..shopId
    
    local productCache = cache_ngx:get(productCacheKey)
    local shopCache = cache_ngx:get(shopCacheKey)
    
    if productCache == "" or productCache == nil then
    	local http = require("resty.http")
    	local httpc = http.new()
    
    	local resp, err = httpc:request_uri("http://192.168.31.179:8080",{
      		method = "GET",
      		path = "/getProductInfo?productId="..productId
    	})
    
    	productCache = resp.body
    	cache_ngx:set(productCacheKey, productCache, 10 * 60)
    end
    
    if shopCache == "" or shopCache == nil then
    	local http = require("resty.http")
    	local httpc = http.new()
    
    	local resp, err = httpc:request_uri("http://192.168.31.179:8080",{
      		method = "GET",
      		path = "/getShopInfo?shopId="..shopId
    	})
    
    	shopCache = resp.body
    	cache_ngx:set(shopCacheKey, shopCache, 10 * 60)
    end
    
    local cjson = require("cjson")
    local productCacheJSON = cjson.decode(productCache)
    local shopCacheJSON = cjson.decode(shopCache)
    
    local context = {
    	productId = productCacheJSON.id,
    	productName = productCacheJSON.name,
    	productPrice = productCacheJSON.price,
    	productPictureList = productCacheJSON.pictureList,
    	productSpecification = productCacheJSON.specification,
    	productService = productCacheJSON.service,
    	productColor = productCacheJSON.color,
    	productSize = productCacheJSON.size,
    	shopId = shopCacheJSON.id,
    	shopName = shopCacheJSON.name,
    	shopLevel = shopCacheJSON.level,
    	shopGoodCommentRate = shopCacheJSON.goodCommentRate
    }
    
    local template = require("resty.template")
    template.render("product.html", context)
    

      

    第一次访问的时候,其实在nginx本地缓存中是取不到的,所以会发送http请求到后端的缓存服务里去获取,会从redis中获取

    拿到数据以后,会放到nginx本地缓存里面去,过期时间是10分钟

    然后将所有数据渲染到模板中,返回模板

    以后再来访问的时候,就会直接从nginx本地缓存区获取数据了

    缓存数据生产 -> 有数据变更 -> 主动更新两级缓存(ehcache+redis)-> 缓存维度化拆分

    分发层nginx + 应用层nginx -> 自定义流量分发策略提高缓存命中率

    nginx shared dict缓存 -> 缓存服务 -> redis -> ehcache -> 渲染html模板 -> 返回页面

    如果你的数据在nginx -> redis -> ehcache三级缓存都不在了,可能就是被LRU清理掉了

    这个时候缓存服务会重新拉去数据,去更新到ehcache和redis中

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sunliyuan/p/11391543.html
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