unittest原理:https://www.jianshu.com/p/c3fd61ac09e9
因为使用unittest进行管理case的运行。有时case因为偶然因素,会随机的失败。通过重试机制能够补充保持case的稳定性。查阅资料后发现,python的unittest自身无失败重试机制,可以通过以下手段达到目的:1.修改unittest源码,使test case重新运行若干次 2. 对case结果进行处理,单独调度运行失败的case。此篇我们来了解下如何通过修改源码进行失败重试。使用的python版本为2.7。
* 百度上搜索失败重试,找到这个文章。http://blog.csdn.net/hqzxsc2006/article/details/50349664。我尝试了此方法,并对其中部分逻辑进行了修改。后来发现我需要的运行场景中此方法无法满足要求,随放弃了该方法。
1. 调用unittest运行case
def TestSuite(filedirname): loader = unittest.TestLoader() dir_case = loader.discover(start_dir=config.case_dir, pattern=filedirname, top_level_dir=None) return dir_case if __name__ == '__main__': filedirname = 'Test*' # 需要执行的case unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(TestSuite(filedirname))
2. 定位运行case的源码1
以上为调用unittest的方法。通过loader.discover扫描指定dir中所有以Test打头的文件,加载所有的case。然后通过unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run()方法来运行所有的case。进入 TextTestResult类查看run方法,理解代码后发现:先初始化运行结果result,然后初始化startTestRun,运行test(result)后,处理result里记录的结果。通过加入打印等方式发现,此处的test(result),将加载的所有case都运行了。所以无法在此处做失败重试。
3. 定位运行case的源码2
通过函数定义可看出:TextTestResult.run(self, test)中的test即为:TestSuite(filedirname)函数的返回值。查看TestLoader.discover()函数,发现返回类型为:TestSuite。此类的run方法,即为搜索到的文章所修改的代码处。源码不支持中文,注释中有中文也不行,否则运行case将报错。以下为了写文章方便,使用中文注释。
class TestSuite(BaseTestSuite): def run(self, result, debug=False): failcount = 1 class_num = 1 topLevel = False if getattr(result, '_testRunEntered', False) is False: result._testRunEntered = topLevel = True for test in self: case_num = 1 if result.shouldStop: break success_flag = True while success_flag: if _isnotsuite(test): self._tearDownPreviousClass(test, result) self._handleModuleFixture(test, result) self._handleClassSetUp(test, result) result._previousTestClass = test.__class__ if (getattr(test.__class__, '_classSetupFailed', False) or getattr(result, '_moduleSetUpFailed', False)): if class_num > failcount: success_flag = False else: time.sleep(5) result._previousTestClass = None print 'Class %s retry time(s) %s'%(test.__class__,class_num) class_num += 1 continue f,e = map(len, (result.failures, result.errors)) #查看result类得知失败和错误的保存在此 cntBefore = f + e if not debug: test(result) else: test.debug() f,e = map(len, (result.failures, result.errors)) cntAfter = f + e if cntAfter > cntBefore: if case_num > failcount: success_flag = False else: print 'Test % retry time(s): %s'%(test,case_num) case_num += 1 else: success_flag = False if topLevel: self._tearDownPreviousClass(None, result) self._handleModuleTearDown(result) result._testRunEntered = False return result
实验中,通过以下方法调用,使用ok:
def suit(): s = unittest.TestSuite() s.addTest(Test_map("test_xxx1")) s.addTest(Test_map("test_xxx2")) unittest.TextTestRunner().run(s) if __name__ == '__main__': suit()
当我以为问题解决时,发现通过1中的unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(TestSuite(filedirname))执行时,即行不通。当case失败时,就一直重试,进入死循环。debug时,发现当return result后,代码再一次进入了test(result),并且case_num=1,success_flag=True。所以进入循环,无法出来了。为何return后又进入test(result)了呢,我没理解出来....
3. 定位运行case源代码3
继续寻找合适的位置修改代码。debug时发现,TestSuite.run中的test(result)方法,实际上运行的是case.py中的TestCase.run方法。在此处修改也应可以实现重试。run中的其他代码保持不变。
retryCnt = 0 retryMax = 3 success = False while (not success) and (retryCnt < retryMax): #此处加入一个循环 print "RetryCnt:", retryCnt try: self.setUp() except SkipTest as e: self._addSkip(result, str(e)) except KeyboardInterrupt: raise except: result.addError(self, sys.exc_info()) else: try: testMethod() except KeyboardInterrupt: raise except self.failureException: result.addFailure(self, sys.exc_info()) except _ExpectedFailure as e: addExpectedFailure = getattr(result, 'addExpectedFailure', None) if addExpectedFailure is not None: addExpectedFailure(self, e.exc_info) else: warnings.warn("TestResult has no addExpectedFailure method, reporting as passes", RuntimeWarning) result.addSuccess(self) except _UnexpectedSuccess: addUnexpectedSuccess = getattr(result, 'addUnexpectedSuccess', None) if addUnexpectedSuccess is not None: addUnexpectedSuccess(self) else: warnings.warn("TestResult has no addUnexpectedSuccess method, reporting as failures", RuntimeWarning) result.addFailure(self, sys.exc_info()) except SkipTest as e: self._addSkip(result, str(e)) except: result.addError(self, sys.exc_info()) else: success = True try: self.tearDown() except KeyboardInterrupt: raise except: result.addError(self, sys.exc_info()) success = False cleanUpSuccess = self.doCleanups() success = success and cleanUpSuccess if success: result.addSuccess(self) else: #此次为新加入的代码 retryCnt += 1 print "----run case failed---"
可以看到,基本上只是加入了一个循环和else分支。运行后,得到了与预期基本一致的结果。case A若失败,会重新运行,直到成功。每个case最多运行retryMax次。结果中记录每次运行的结果,如case A运行失败1次,成功1次。