python-urllib2模块

参考：

http://blog.csdn.net/wklken/article/details/7364390

http://hankjin.blog.163.com/blog/static/3373193720105140583594/

1、基本用法：

res=urllib2.urlopen(url)
print res.read()

2. 加上要get或post的数据

data={"name":"hank", "passwd":"hjz"}
urllib2.urlopen(url, urllib.urlencode(data))

3. 加上http头

header={"User-Agent": "Mozilla-Firefox5.0"}
urllib2.urlopen(url, urllib.urlencode(data), header)

4. 加上session

cj = cookielib.CookieJar()
cjhandler=urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj)
opener = urllib2.build_opener(cjhandler)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)

5. 加上Basic认证

password_mgr = urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
top_level_url = "http://www.163.com/"
password_mgr.add_password(None, top_level_url, username, password)
handler = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr)
opener = urllib2.build_opener(handler)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)

6. 使用代理

proxy_support = urllib2.ProxyHandler({"http":"http://1.2.3.4:3128/"})
opener = urllib2.build_opener(proxy_support)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)

7. 设置超时

socket.setdefaulttimeout(5)
或者
urllib2.urlopen(url, timeout=5)

大段代码参考：

    #!/usr/bin/python  
    # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-  
    # urllib2_test.py  
    # author: wklken  
    # 2012-03-17 wklken@yeah.net  
      
      
    import urllib,urllib2,cookielib,socket  
      
    url = "http://www.testurl....." #change yourself  
    #最简单方式  
    def use_urllib2():  
      try:  
        f = urllib2.urlopen(url, timeout=5).read()  
      except urllib2.URLError, e:  
        print e.reason  
      print len(f)  
      
    #使用Request  
    def get_request():  
      #可以设置超时  
      socket.setdefaulttimeout(5)  
      #可以加入参数  [无参数，使用get，以下这种方式，使用post]  
      params = {"wd":"a","b":"2"}  
      #可以加入请求头信息，以便识别  
      i_headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9.1) Gecko/20090624 Firefox/3.5",  
                 "Accept": "text/plain"}  
      #use post,have some params post to server,if not support ,will throw exception  
      #req = urllib2.Request(url, data=urllib.urlencode(params), headers=i_headers)  
      req = urllib2.Request(url, headers=i_headers)  
      
      #创建request后，还可以进行其他添加,若是key重复，后者生效  
      #request.add_header('Accept','application/json')  
      #可以指定提交方式  
      #request.get_method = lambda: 'PUT'  
      try:  
        page = urllib2.urlopen(req)  
        print len(page.read())  
        #like get  
        #url_params = urllib.urlencode({"a":"1", "b":"2"})  
        #final_url = url + "?" + url_params  
        #print final_url  
        #data = urllib2.urlopen(final_url).read()  
        #print "Method:get ", len(data)  
      except urllib2.HTTPError, e:  
        print "Error Code:", e.code  
      except urllib2.URLError, e:  
        print "Error Reason:", e.reason  
      
    def use_proxy():  
      enable_proxy = False  
      proxy_handler = urllib2.ProxyHandler({"http":"http://proxyurlXXXX.com:8080"})  
      null_proxy_handler = urllib2.ProxyHandler({})  
      if enable_proxy:  
        opener = urllib2.build_opener(proxy_handler, urllib2.HTTPHandler)  
      else:  
        opener = urllib2.build_opener(null_proxy_handler, urllib2.HTTPHandler)  
      #此句设置urllib2的全局opener  
      urllib2.install_opener(opener)  
      content = urllib2.urlopen(url).read()  
      print "proxy len:",len(content)  
      
    class NoExceptionCookieProcesser(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor):  
      def http_error_403(self, req, fp, code, msg, hdrs):  
        return fp  
      def http_error_400(self, req, fp, code, msg, hdrs):  
        return fp  
      def http_error_500(self, req, fp, code, msg, hdrs):  
        return fp  
      
    def hand_cookie():  
      cookie = cookielib.CookieJar()  
      #cookie_handler = urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie)  
      #after add error exception handler  
      cookie_handler = NoExceptionCookieProcesser(cookie)  
      opener = urllib2.build_opener(cookie_handler, urllib2.HTTPHandler)  
      url_login = "https://www.yourwebsite/?login"  
      params = {"username":"user","password":"111111"}  
      opener.open(url_login, urllib.urlencode(params))  
      for item in cookie:  
        print item.name,item.value  
      #urllib2.install_opener(opener)  
      #content = urllib2.urlopen(url).read()  
      #print len(content)  
    #得到重定向 N 次以后最后页面URL  
    def get_request_direct():  
      import httplib  
      httplib.HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1  
      request = urllib2.Request("http://www.google.com")  
      request.add_header("Accept", "text/html,*/*")  
      request.add_header("Connection", "Keep-Alive")  
      opener = urllib2.build_opener()  
      f = opener.open(request)  
      print f.url  
      print f.headers.dict  
      print len(f.read())  
      
    if __name__ == "__main__":  
      use_urllib2()  
      get_request()  
      get_request_direct()  
      use_proxy()  
      hand_cookie()  

测试wsgi接口的小例子：

url ='http://192.168.33.11:9008/getActivityInfo'
data = '''{"userid":"123","type":"1","flag":"t32"}'''
# 使用 urllib.urlencode会报错。。
# response = urllib2.urlopen(url, urllib.urlencode(data))
response = urllib2.urlopen(url, data)
print response.getcode()
print response.read()