• Sentinel降级服务


    Sentinel降级简介

    Sentinel熔断降级会在调用链路中某个资源出现不稳定状态时(例如调用超时或异常比例升高),对这个资源的调用进行限制,让请求快速失败,避免影响到其它的资源而导致级联错误。

    当资源被降级后,在接下来的降级时间窗口之内,对该资源的调用都自动熔断(默认行为是抛出DegradeException)。

    image-20201105132234324

    RT(平均响应时间,秒级)

    平均响应时间 超出阈值且在时间窗口内通过的请求>=5,两个条件同时满足后触发降级窗口期过后关闭断路器

    RT最大4900(最大的需要通过-Dcsp.sentinel.statistic.max.rt=XXXX才能生效)

    异常比例(秒级)

    QPS>=5且异常比例(秒级统计)超过阈值时,触发降级;窗口期结束后,关闭降级。

    异常数

    异常数(分钟统计)超过阈值时,触发降级;时间窗口期结束后,关闭降级。

    Sentinel降级-RT

    修改子项目(8401)的FlowLimitController

     @GetMapping("/testD")
        public String testD() {
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return "**********testD***********";
        }
    

    在sentinel的窗口,设置降级

    image-20201106093629292

    当一秒钟打进来十个线程来调用testD,我们希望200毫秒处理完本次任务,如果超过200毫秒还没处理完,在未来1秒钟的时间窗口内,断路器打开,服务不可用。

    Sentinel降级-异常比例

    异常比例:当资源的每秒请求量>=5,并且每秒异常总数占通过量的比值超过阈值之后,资源进入降级状态,即在接下来的时间窗口之内,对这个方法的调用都会自动返回,异常比例的阈值范围[0.0,1.0],代表0%-100%。

    修改子项目(8401)的FlowLimitController

    @GetMapping("/testD")
        public String testD() {
            /*try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }*/
            int age = 10/0;
            return "**********testD异常比例***********";
        }
    

    image-20201106095040745

    Sentinel降级-异常数

    异常数:当资源近1分钟的异常数目超过阈值滞后进行熔断。由于统计时间窗口是分钟级别的,若时间窗口小于60s,则结束熔断状态后仍可能再进入熔断状态。

    时间窗口一定要大于60秒

    修改子项目(8401)的FlowLimitController

    @GetMapping("/testE")
        public String testE() {
            int age = 10/0;
            return "********testE异常数********";
        }
    

    运行报错。

    设置异常数

    image-20201106100140248

    image-20201106100244080

    Sentinel热点key

    热点参数限流会统计参数中的热点参数,并根据配置的限流阈值与模式,对包含热点参数的资源调用进行限流,热点参数限流可以看作是一种特殊的流量控制,仅包含热点参数的资源调用生效。

    修改子项目(8401)的FlowLimitController

    @GetMapping("/testHotKey")
        @SentinelResource(value = "testHotKey",blockHandler = "deal_testHotKey")
        public String testHotKey(@RequestParam(value = "p1",required = false) String p1,
                                 @RequestParam(value = "p2",required = false) String p2) {
            return "*****testHotKey successful**********";
        }
        public String deal_testHotKey(String p1, String p2, BlockException ex){
            return "********deal_testHotKey**********";
    
        }
    

    运行image-20201106102634048

    配置热点规则

    image-20201106102717337

    参数索引:对访问的第一个参数进行限流

    当每秒访问多次的时候就会进行服务熔断。

    image-20201106102829509

    当把blockHandler参数去掉,一秒一次就会显示成功页面,当一秒访问多次的时候就会直接弹出错误页面(Error Page)。

    参数例外项

    普通:超过1秒钟一个之后,达到阈值1后马上被限流

    我们希望p1参数当它是摸个特殊值时,它的限流值和平时不一样

    假如当p1的值等于5时,它的阈值可以达到200

    配置参数例外项

    image-20201106104603378

    image-20201106104706670

    当p1的值不等于5时,阈值是1

    当p1的值等于5时,阈值为200

    image-20201106104822773

    当代码中有错误它不会去报deal_testHotKey,而是会直接显示错误界面。

    Sentinel系统规则

    系统自适应限流

    Sentinel系统自适应限流从整体维度对应用入口流量控制,结合应用的Load、CPU使用率、总体平均RT、入口QPS和并发线程数等几个维度的监控指标,通过自适应的流控策略、让系统的入口流量和系统的负载达到一个平衡,让系统尽可能跑在最大吞吐量的同时保证系统整体的稳定性。

    image-20201106121713542

    Load自适应(仅对Linux/Unix-like机器生效):系统的load作为启发指标,进行自适应系统保护。当系统load超过设定的启发值,且系统当前的并发线程数超过估算的系统容量时才会触发系统保护(BBR阶段)。系统容量有系统的maxQps*minRt估算得出,设定参考值一般是CPU cores * 2.5。

    CPU usage(1.5.0+版本):当系统CPU使用率超过阈值即触发系统保护(取值范围0.0-1.0),比较灵敏。

    平均RT:当单台机器所有入口流量的平均RT达到阈值即触发系统保护,单位是毫秒

    并发线程数:当单台机器所有入口流量的并发线程数达到阈值即触发系统保护

    入口QPS:当单台机器上所有入口流量的QPS达到阈值即触发系统保护

    image-20201106122520361

    SentinelResource配置

    修改一个RateLimitController

    @GetMapping("/byResource")
        @SentinelResource(value = "byResource",blockHandler = "handleException")
        public CommonResult byResource() {
            return new CommonResult(200,"按资源名称限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial001"));
        }
        public CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception){
            return new CommonResult(444,exception.getClass().getCanonicalName()+"	 服务不可用");
        }
    

    运行8401

    image-20201106183123864

    设置限流规则

    image-20201106183205638

    image-20201106183238199

    按照Url地址限流

    修改RateLimitController

     //按照URl限流
        @GetMapping("/rateLimit/byUrl")
        @SentinelResource(value = "byUrl")
        public CommonResult byUrl() {
            return new CommonResult(200,"按Url限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial002"));
        }
    

    image-20201106191827389

    设置限流规则

    image-20201106192031488

    image-20201106192105862

    上面兜底方案面临的问题

    1. 系统默认的,没有体现我们自己的业务要求。
    2. 依照现有条件,我们自定义的处理方法又和业务代码耦合在一块,不直观。
    3. 每个业务方法都添加一个兜底的,那会造成代码膨胀加剧。
    4. 全局统一的处理方法没有体现。

    修改一个RateLimitController

        //CustomerBlockHandler
        @GetMapping("/rateLimit/customerBlockHandler")
        @SentinelResource(value = "customerBlockHandler",blockHandlerClass = CustomerBlockHandler.class,blockHandler = "handlerException1")
        public CommonResult customerBlockHandler() {
            return new CommonResult(200,"按客户自定义",new Payment(2020L,"serial003"));
        }
    

    新建一个CustomerBlockHandler.java

    public class CustomerBlockHandler {
        public static CommonResult handlerException1(BlockException exception){
            return new CommonResult(444,"按客户自定义,global handlerException-------1");
        }
        public static CommonResult handlerException2(BlockException exception){
            return new CommonResult(444,"按客户自定义,global handlerException-------2");
        }
    }
    

    配置限流规则

    image-20201106194631706

    image-20201106194647996

    image-20201106194701695

    Sentinel服务熔断Ribbon环境

    新建子项目(cloudalibaba-provider-payment9003)

    pom.xml

     <dependencies>
            <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <!--引入自己定义的api通用包-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--日常通用jar包配置-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
                <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
                <scope>compile</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    

    新建配置文件application.yml

    server:
      port: 9003
    spring:
      application:
        name: nacos-payment-provider
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848   #配置nacos地址
    
    management:
      endpoints:
        web:
          exposure:
            include: '*'
    

    新建主启动类

    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    public class PaymentMain9003 {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain9003.class,args);
        }
    }
    

    新建业务类PaymentController

    @RestController
    public class PaymentController {
        @Value("${server.port}")
        private String serverPort;
        public static HashMap<Long, Payment> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
        static {
            hashMap.put(1L,new Payment(1L,"从入门到放弃"));
            hashMap.put(2L,new Payment(2L,"从删库到跑路"));
            hashMap.put(3L,new Payment(3L,"从进门到坐牢"));
        }
        @GetMapping("/paymentSQL/{id}")
        public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
            Payment payment = hashMap.get(id);
            CommonResult<Payment> result = new CommonResult(200,"from mysql,serverPort: "+serverPort,payment);
            return result;
        }
    }
    

    新建子项目(cloudalibaba-provider-payment9003)

    步骤按照上述

    新建子项目(cloudalibaba-consumer-nacos-order84)

    pom.xml

     <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <!--日常通用jar包配置-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    

    新建application.yml配置文件

    server:
      port: 84
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: nacos-order-consumer
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848
        sentinel:
          transport:
            dashboard: localhost:8080
            port: 8719
    
    service-url:
      nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider
    

    创建主启动类OrderNacosMain84

    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    public class OrderNacosMain84 {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain84.class,args);
        }
    }
    

    创建配置类ApplicationContextConfig

    @Configuration
    public class ApplicationContextConfig {
        @Bean
        @LoadBalanced
        public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    }
    

    创建业务类CircleBreakerController

    @RestController
    public class CircleBreakerController {
        public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
        @Resource
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
        @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
        @SentinelResource(value = "fallback")
        public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id){
            CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL+"/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
            if(id==4) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("非法参数,异常");
            }else if(result.getData()==null) {
                throw new NullPointerException("该ID没有对应的记录,空指针异常");
            }
            return result;
        }
    }
    

    Sentinel服务熔断配置fallback

    在子项目84上业务类CircleBreakerController加上兜底方法

    @RestController
    public class CircleBreakerController {
        public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
        @Resource
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
        @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
        @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handerFallback")
        public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id){
            CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL+"/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
            if(id==4) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("非法参数,异常");
            }else if(result.getData()==null) {
                throw new NullPointerException("该ID没有对应的记录,空指针异常");
            }
            return result;
        }
        public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e) {
            Payment payment = new Payment(id, null);
            return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常,异常内容:"+e.getMessage(),payment);
        }
    }
    

    image-20201107110444452

    fallback只负责业务异常。

    Sentinel服务熔断配置blockhandler

    修改子项目84上业务类CircleBreakerController

    @RestController
    public class CircleBreakerController {
        public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
        @Resource
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
        @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
        //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handerFallback") //fallback只处理业务出现异常
        @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler") //blockHandler只负责sentinel控制台配置违规
        public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id){
            CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL+"/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
            if(id==4) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("非法参数,异常");
            }else if(result.getData()==null) {
                throw new NullPointerException("该ID没有对应的记录,空指针异常");
            }
            return result;
        }
        /*public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e) {
            Payment payment = new Payment(id, null);
            return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常,异常内容:"+e.getMessage(),payment);
        }*/
        public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id, BlockException blockException) {
            Payment payment = new Payment(id, null);
            return new CommonResult<>(445, "blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水:" + blockException.getMessage(), payment);
        }
    }
    

    添加降级规则

    image-20201107141637276

    image-20201107141736762

    image-20201107141818351

    blockHandler只负责sentinel控制台配置违规

    Sentinel服务熔断配置fallback和blockhandler

    若blockHandler和fallback都进行了配置,则被限流降级而抛出BlockException时只会进入blockHandler处理逻辑。

    Sentinel服务熔断exceptionsTolgnore

    修改子项目84上业务类CircleBreakerController

    @RestController
    public class CircleBreakerController {
        public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
        @Resource
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
        @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
        //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handerFallback") //fallback只处理业务出现异常
        //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler") //blockHandler只负责sentinel控制台配置违规
        //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler")
        @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler",
                exceptionsToIgnore = {IllegalArgumentException.class})
        public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id){
            CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL+"/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
            if(id==4) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("非法参数,异常");
            }else if(result.getData()==null) {
                throw new NullPointerException("该ID没有对应的记录,空指针异常");
            }
            return result;
        }
        public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e) {
            Payment payment = new Payment(id, null);
            return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常,异常内容:"+e.getMessage(),payment);
        }
        public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id, BlockException blockException) {
            Payment payment = new Payment(id, null);
            return new CommonResult<>(445, "blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水:" + blockException.getMessage(), payment);
        }
    }
    

    运行

    image-20201107143205986

    假如4报异常,不再有fallback方法兜底,没有降级效果了。

    Sentinel服务熔断OpenFeign

    修改子项目(84)

    pom.xml

     <!--SpringCloud openfeign -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    

    修改application.yml

    # 激活Sentinel对Feign的支持
    feign:
      sentinel:
        enabled: true
    

    在主启动类上面加上注解,开启Feign

    @EnableFeignClients
    

    创建service接口

    @FeignClient(value = "nacos-payment-provider",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)
    public interface PaymentService {
    
        @GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
        public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
    }
    

    创建接口实现类PaymentFallbackService

    @Component
    public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentService {
        @Override
        public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(Long id) {
            return new CommonResult<>(444,"服务降级返回,----PaymentFallbackService",new Payment(id,"errorService"));
        }
    }
    

    在业务类CirleBreakerController添加

        @Resource
        private PaymentService paymentService;
        @GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
        public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
            return paymentService.paymentSQL(id);
        }
    

    运行

    当9003停止运行后,84会

    image-20201107145607764

    Sentinel持久化规则

    一旦我们重启应用,sentinel规则将会消失,生产环境需要将配置规则进行持久化。

    将限流配置规则持久化进Nacos保存,只要刷新8401某个rest地址,sentinel控制台的流控规则就能看到,只要Nacos里面的配置不删除,针对8401上的sentinel上的流控规则持续有效。

    修改子项目(8401)

    application.yml

    server:
      port: 8401
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848
        sentinel:
          transport:
            dashboard: localhost:8080       #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
            port: 8719      #默认8719端口,如果被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1,直到找到未被占用的端口
                           #8719端口是应用和Sentinel控制台交互的端口
            datasource:
              ds1:
                nacos:
                  server-addr: localhost:8848
                  dataId: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
                  groupId: DEFAULT_GROUP
                  data-type: json
                  rule-type: flow
    management:
      endpoints:
        web:
          exposure:
            include: '*'
    

    在nacos里面新建配置

    image-20201107153103560

    resource:资源名称;

    limitApp:来源应用;

    grade:阈值类型,0表示线程数、1表示QPS;

    count:单机阈值;

    strategy:流控模式,0表示直接,1表示关联,2表示链路;

    controlBehavior:流控效果,0表示快速失败,1表示Warm up,2表示排队等待;

    clusterMode:是否集群;

    启动8401后刷新sentinel发现业务规则有了

    image-20201107153544722

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/striver20/p/13966813.html
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