手工创建oracle数据库

参考：http://blog.csdn.net/huzia/article/details/7616717

创建环境变量，确定SID

$ vim rman.env 
export ORACLE_SID=rman
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/11g

加载环境变量

$ source rman.env

创建初始化文件

cp /opt/oracle/11g/dbs/init.ora /opt/oracle/11g/dbs/initrman.ora

db_name='rman'
memory_target=1G
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/rman/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='/opt/oracle'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=RMANXDB)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
# You may want to ensure that control files are created on separate physical
# devices
control_files = ('/opt/oracle/oradata/rman/control01.ctl', '/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/rman/control02.ctl')
compatible ='11.2.0'

也可根据现有数据的spfile生成初始化文件
#strings /opt/oracle/11g/dbs/spfilezgw.ora > /opt/oracle/11g/dbs/initrman.ora

创建目录

mkdir -p /opt/oracle/admin/rman/adump
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/oradata/rman
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/rman

登录sqlplus
sqlplus / as sysdba

创建DBSQL语句
CREATE DATABASE rman CONTROLFILE REUSE
LOGFILE
'/opt/oracle/oradata/rman/redo01.log' SIZE 10M REUSE,
'/opt/oracle/oradata/rman/redo02.log' SIZE 10M REUSE,
'/opt/oracle/oradata/rman/redo03.log' SIZE 10M REUSE,
'/opt/oracle/oradata/rman/redo04.log' SIZE 10M REUSE,
DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/rman/system01.dbf' SIZE 50M 
REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M 
MAXSIZE 200M 
UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1 DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/rman/undo01.dbf' size 10m
SYSAUX datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/rman/sysaux.dbf' size 10M autoextend on next 50m maxsize 100m
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1;

上面这段话的作用如下：
① 创建数据库的数据文件；
② 创建数据库的控制文件；
③ 创建数据库的重做日志文件；
④ 创建SYSTEM 表空间及回滚段；
⑤ 创建数据目录；
⑥ 创建用户SYS和SYSTEM；
⑦ 指定数据库中存储数据的字符集；
⑧ 装入、打开数据库

创建系统回滚段，创建一个临时的回滚段来支持数据库的创建，后来在删除掉。

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb_temp STORAGE(INITIAL 100k NEXT 250k);
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb1 ONLINE;

为回滚段创建表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE rbs DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/rman/rbs01.dbf' SIZE 5M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5M MAXSIZE 150M;

创建用户表空间

CREATE TABLESPACE users DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/rman/user01.dbf' SIZE 3M REUSE
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5M MAXSIZE 150M;

创建临时表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE temp DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/rman/temp01.dbf' SIZE 2M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5M MAXSIZE 150M;

创建回滚段
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb1 STORAGE (INITIAL 50k NEXT 250k) TABLESPACE rbs;
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb2 STORAGE (INITIAL 50k NEXT 250k) TABLESPACE rbs;
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb3 STORAGE (INITIAL 50k NEXT 250k) TABLESPACE rbs;
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb4 STORAGE (INITIAL 50k NEXT 250k) TABLESPACE rbs;

把刚创建的回滚段上线
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb1 ONLINE; 
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb2 ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb3 ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb4 ONLINE; 
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb_temp OFFLINE;
DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb_temp;

在数据库OPEN状态下，执行数据字典创建和PLSQL支持

SQL>@/opt/oracle/11g/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
SQL>@/opt/oracle/11g/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
SQL>@/opt/oracle/11g/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql