栈和队列

总览

• 栈和队列的基本概念
• 栈和队列的顺序存储结构
• 栈和队列的链式存储结构
• 栈和队列的应用
• 特殊矩阵的压缩存储

1. 栈的基本概念
   1. 特点：先进后出，栈顶进栈顶出
2. 队列的基本概念
   1. 特点：先进先出，队首进，队尾出
3. 顺序栈

4. #include <iostream>
   using namespace std;
   #define MaxSize 1000
   struct
   {
       int data[MaxSize];
       int top;
   };
   class SeqStack
   {
     public:
       SeqStack() { top = -1; }
       ~SeqStack() {}
       void Push(int x);
       int Pop();
       int GetTop()
       {
           if (top != -1)
               return data[top];
       }
       int Empty() { return top == -1 ? 1 : 0; }
   
     private:
       int data[MaxSize];
       int top;
   };
   void SeqStack::Push(int x)
   {
       if (top == MaxSize - 1)
           throw "上溢";
       data[++top] = x;
   }
   int SeqStack::Pop()
   {
       if (top == -1)
           throw "下溢";
       return data[top--];
   }
   

   　　

5. 链栈

6. #include <iostream>
   using namespace std;
   struct Node
   {
       Node *next;
       int data;
   };
   class LinkStack
   {
     public:
       LinkStack() { top = NULL; }
       ~LinkStack();
       void Push(int x);
       int Pop();
       int GetTop()
       {
           if (top != NULL)
               return top->data;
       }
       int Empty()
       {
           return top == NULL ? 1 : 0;
       }
   
     private:
       Node *top;
   };
   void LinkStack::Push(int x)
   {
       Node *s = new Node;
       s->data = x;
       s->next = top;
       top = s;
   }
   int LinkStack::Pop()
   {
       if(top == NULL) throw "下溢";
       int x = top->data;
       Node *p = top;
       top = top->next;
       delete p;
       return x;
   }                                                                                                                                     
   

   　　

7. 应用

8. int match(char exp[], int n)
   {
       char stack[MaxSize];
       int top = -1;
   
       int i;
       for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
       {
           if (exp[i] == '(')
               stack[++top] = '(';
           if (exp[i] == ')')
           {
               if (top == -1)
                   return 0;
               else
                   --top;
           }
       }
       if (top == -1)
           return 1;
       else
           return 0;
   }
   int op(int a, char Op, int b)
   {
       if (Op == '+')
           return a + b;
       if(Op == '-')
           return a - b;
       if(Op == '*')
           return a * b;
       if(Op == '/')
       {
           if(b == 0)
           {
               cout << "ERROR" << endl;
               return 0;
           }
       }else {
           return a / b;
       }
   }
   int com(char exp[])
   {
       int i,a,b,c;
       char Op;
       int stack[MaxSize];
       int top = -1;
       for(i = 0;exp[i] != ''; i ++)
       {
           if(exp[i] >= '0' && exp[i] <= '9')
               stack[++top] = exp[i] - '0';
           else
           {
               Op = exp[i];
               b = stack[top --];
               a = stack[top --];
               c = op(a,Op,b);
               stack[++top] = c;
           }
       }
       return stack[top];
   }
   

   　　

9. 顺序队列

10. #include <iostream>
    using namespace std;
    #define QueueSize 1000
    class CirQueue
    {
      public:
        CirQueue() { front = rear = QueueSize - 1; }
        ~CirQueue() {}
        void EnQueue(int x);
        int DeQueue();
        int GetQueue();
        int Empty() { return front == rear ? 1 : 0; }
    
      private:
        int data[QueueSize];
        int front, rear;
    };
    void CirQueue::EnQueue(int x)
    {
        if ((rear + 1) % QueueSize == front)
            throw "上溢";
        rear = (rear + 1) % QueueSize;
        data[rear] = x;
    }
    int CirQueue::DeQueue()
    {
        if(rear == front) throw "下溢";
        front = (front + 1) % QueueSize;
        return data[front];
    }
    

    　　

11. 链队列

12. #include<iostream>
    using namespace std;
    struct Node
    {
        Node *next;
        int data;
    };
    class LinkQueue
    {
        public:
        LinkQueue();
        ~LinkQueue();
        void EnQueue(int x);
        int DeQueue();
        int GetQueue();
        int Empty(){return front == rear ? 1 : 0;}
        private:
        Node *front,*rear;
    };
    LinkQueue::LinkQueue()
    {
        Node *s = new Node;
        s->next = NULL;
        front = rear = s;
    }
    void LinkQueue::EnQueue(int x)
    {
        Node *s = new Node;
        s->data = x;
        s->next = NULL;
        rear->next = s;
        rear = s;
    }
    int LinkQueue::DeQueue()
    {
        if(rear == front) throw "下溢";
        Node *p = front->next;
        int x = p->data;
        front->next = p->next;
        if(p->next == NULL) rear = front;
        delete p;
        return x;
    }