• 【TopCoder SRM 686】—CyclesNumber(斯特林数)


    传送门


    一个置换可以看做若干个循环拼起来

    ans=i=1nsn,iimans=sum_{i=1}^{n}s_{n,i}i^m

    暴力推一波式子
    ans=i=1nsn,ij=0mSm,j(ij)j!ans=sum_{i=1}^{n}s_{n,i}sum_{j=0}^{m}S_{m,j}{ichoose j}j!

    =j=0mSm,jj!i=1nsn,i(ij)=sum_{j=0}^{m}S_{m,j}j!sum_{i=1}^{n}s_{n,i}{ichoose j}

    又有:

    i=1nsn,i(ij)=sn+1,j+1sum_{i=1}^ns_{n,i}{ichoose j}=s_{n+1,j+1}

    证明:

    考虑组合意义
    先把nn个数分成ii个环
    从里面先挑去jj个环
    将剩下的环和n+1n+1从小到大依次串起来可以得到唯一的一个新环
    也就是把n+1n+1个数分成j+1j+1个环

    好像也可以生成函数暴力证

    然后
    ans=j=0mSm,jj!sn+1,j+1ans=sum_{j=0}^mS_{m,j}j!s_{n+1,j+1}

    O(m2+nm)O(m^2+nm)预处理斯特林数就可以做到O(m)O(m)回答每个询问

    #include<bits/stdc++.h>
    using namespace std;
    const int RLEN=1<<20|1;
    inline char gc(){
    	static char ibuf[RLEN],*ib,*ob;
    	(ob==ib)&&(ob=(ib=ibuf)+fread(ibuf,1,RLEN,stdin));
    	return (ob==ib)?EOF:*ib++;
    }
    #define gc getchar
    inline int read(){
    	char ch=gc();
    	int res=0,f=1;
    	while(!isdigit(ch))f^=ch=='-',ch=gc();
    	while(isdigit(ch))res=(res+(res<<2)<<1)+(ch^48),ch=gc();
    	return f?res:-res;
    }
    #define ll long long
    #define re register
    #define pii pair<int,int>
    #define fi first
    #define se second
    #define pb push_back
    #define pob pop_back
    #define cs const
    #define poly vector<int>
    cs int mod=1e9+7;
    inline int add(int a,int b){return a+b>=mod?a+b-mod:a+b;}
    inline void Add(int &a,int b){a=add(a,b);}
    inline int dec(int a,int b){return a>=b?a-b:a-b+mod;}
    inline void Dec(int &a,int b){a=dec(a,b);}
    inline int mul(int a,int b){return 1ll*a*b>=mod?1ll*a*b%mod:a*b;}
    inline void Mul(int &a,int b){a=mul(a,b);}
    inline int ksm(int a,int b,int res=1){for(;b;b>>=1,a=mul(a,a))(b&1)?(res=mul(res,a)):0;return res;}
    inline void chemx(int &a,int b){a<b?a=b:0;}
    inline void chemn(int &a,int b){a>b?a=b:0;}
    cs int N=100005,M=305;
    int n,m;
    int S[M][M],s[N][M],fac[N];
    inline void init(){
    	fac[0]=1;
    	for(int i=1;i<M;i++)fac[i]=mul(fac[i-1],i);
    	S[0][0]=s[0][0]=1;
    	for(int i=1;i<M;i++)
    	for(int j=1;j<M;j++)
    	S[i][j]=add(S[i-1][j-1],mul(S[i-1][j],j));
    	for(int i=1;i<N;i++)
    	for(int j=1;j<M;j++)
    	s[i][j]=add(s[i-1][j-1],mul(s[i-1][j],i-1));
    }
    inline int solve(int n,int m){
    	int res=0;
    	for(int i=0;i<=m;i++)Add(res,mul(mul(S[m][i],fac[i]),s[n+1][i+1]));
    	return res;
    }
    class CyclesNumber{
    	public :
    		inline poly getExpectation(poly n,poly m){
    			init();poly res;
    			for(int i=0;i<n.size();i++)
    				res.pb(solve(n[i],m[i]));
    			return res;
    		}
    };
    
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/stargazer-cyk/p/12328640.html
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