问题：C#中Winform程序中如何实现多维表头。
在网上搜了很多方法，大多数方法对于我这种新手，看的都不是很懂。最后在新浪博客看到了一篇比较易懂的文章：【DataGridView二维表头与合并单元格】
大体的思路如下：
2.右键项目名称添加一个组件名为：HeaderUnitView.cs
3.点击【单击此处切换到代码视图】代码：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Design;
using System.Diagnostics;
namespace WindowsFormsApplication1
{
public partial class HeaderUnitView : DataGridView
{
private TreeView[] _columnTreeView;
private ArrayList _columnList = new ArrayList();
private int _cellHeight = 17;
public int CellHeight
{
get { return _cellHeight; }
set { _cellHeight = value; }
}
private int _columnDeep = 1;
private bool HscrollRefresh = false;
/// <summary>
/// 水平滚动时是否刷新表头，数据较多时可能会闪烁，不刷新时可能显示错误
/// </summary>
[Description("水平滚动时是否刷新表头，数据较多时可能会闪烁，不刷新时可能显示错误")]
public bool RefreshAtHscroll
{
get { return HscrollRefresh; }
set { HscrollRefresh = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 构造函数
/// </summary>
public HeaderUnitView()
{
InitializeComponent();
this.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode = DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.DisableResizing;
//设置列高度显示模式
}
public HeaderUnitView(IContainer container)
{
container.Add(this);
InitializeComponent();
}
[Description("设置或获得合并表头树的深度")]
public int ColumnDeep
{
get
{
if (this.Columns.Count == 0)
_columnDeep = 1;
this.ColumnHeadersHeight = _cellHeight * _columnDeep;
return _columnDeep;
}
set
{
if (value < 1)
_columnDeep = 1;
else
_columnDeep = value;
this.ColumnHeadersHeight = _cellHeight * _columnDeep;
}
}
[Description("添加合并式单元格绘制的所需要的节点对象")]
public TreeView[] ColumnTreeView
{
get { return _columnTreeView; }
set
{
if (_columnTreeView != null)
{
for (int i = 0; i <= _columnTreeView.Length - 1; i++)
_columnTreeView[i].Dispose();
}
_columnTreeView = value;
}
}
[Description("设置添加的字段树的相关属性")]
public TreeView ColumnTreeViewNode
{
get { return _columnTreeView[0]; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置或获取合并列的集合
/// </summary>
[MergableProperty(false)]
[Editor("System.Windows.Forms.Design.ListControlStringCollectionEditor, System.Design, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a", typeof(UITypeEditor))]
[DesignerSerializationVisibility(System.ComponentModel.DesignerSerializationVisibility.Visible)]
[Localizable(true)]
[Description("设置或获取合并列的集合"), Browsable(true), Category("单元格合并")]
public List<string> MergeColumnNames
{
get
{
return _mergecolumnname;
}
set
{
_mergecolumnname = value;
}
}
private List<string> _mergecolumnname = new List<string>();
public ArrayList NadirColumnList
{
get
{
if (_columnTreeView == null)
return null;
if (_columnTreeView[0] == null)
return null;
if (_columnTreeView[0].Nodes == null)
return null;
if (_columnTreeView[0].Nodes.Count == 0)
return null;
_columnList.Clear();
GetNadirColumnNodes(_columnList, _columnTreeView[0].Nodes[0], false);
return _columnList;
}
}
///<summary>
///绘制合并表头
///</summary>
///<param name="node">合并表头节点</param>
///<param name="e">绘图参数集</param>
///<param name="level">结点深度</param>
///<remarks></remarks>
public void PaintUnitHeader(
TreeNode node,
System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellPaintingEventArgs e,
int level)
{
//根节点时退出递归调用
if (level == 0)
return;
RectangleF uhRectangle;
int uhWidth;
SolidBrush gridBrush = new SolidBrush(this.GridColor);
SolidBrush backColorBrush = new SolidBrush(e.CellStyle.BackColor);
Pen gridLinePen = new Pen(gridBrush);
StringFormat textFormat = new StringFormat();
textFormat.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center;
uhWidth = GetUnitHeaderWidth(node);
if (node.Nodes.Count == 0)
{
uhRectangle = new Rectangle(e.CellBounds.Left,
e.CellBounds.Top + node.Level * _cellHeight,
uhWidth - 1,
_cellHeight * (_columnDeep - node.Level) - 1);
}
else
{
uhRectangle = new Rectangle(
e.CellBounds.Left,
e.CellBounds.Top + node.Level * _cellHeight,
uhWidth - 1,
_cellHeight - 1);
}
//画矩形
e.Graphics.FillRectangle(backColorBrush, uhRectangle);
//划底线
e.Graphics.DrawLine(gridLinePen
, uhRectangle.Left
, uhRectangle.Bottom
, uhRectangle.Right
, uhRectangle.Bottom);
//划右端线
e.Graphics.DrawLine(gridLinePen
, uhRectangle.Right
, uhRectangle.Top
, uhRectangle.Right
, uhRectangle.Bottom);
////写字段文本
e.Graphics.DrawString(node.Text, this.Font
, new SolidBrush(e.CellStyle.ForeColor)
, uhRectangle.Left + uhRectangle.Width / 2 -
e.Graphics.MeasureString(node.Text, this.Font).Width / 2 - 1
, uhRectangle.Top +
uhRectangle.Height / 2 - e.Graphics.MeasureString(node.Text, this.Font).Height / 2);
//递归调用()
if (node.PrevNode == null)
if (node.Parent != null)
PaintUnitHeader(node.Parent, e, level - 1);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获得合并标题字段的宽度
/// </summary>
/// <param name="node">字段节点</param>
/// <returns>字段宽度</returns>
/// <remarks></remarks>
private int GetUnitHeaderWidth(TreeNode node)
{
//获得非最底层字段的宽度
int uhWidth = 0;
//获得最底层字段的宽度
if (node.Nodes == null)
return this.Columns[GetColumnListNodeIndex(node)].Width;
if (node.Nodes.Count == 0)
return this.Columns[GetColumnListNodeIndex(node)].Width;
for (int i = 0; i <= node.Nodes.Count - 1; i++)
{
uhWidth = uhWidth + GetUnitHeaderWidth(node.Nodes[i]);
}
return uhWidth;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获得底层字段索引
/// </summary>
///' <param name="node">底层字段节点</param>
/// <returns>索引</returns>
/// <remarks></remarks>
private int GetColumnListNodeIndex(TreeNode node)
{
for (int i = 0; i <= _columnList.Count - 1; i++)
{
if (((TreeNode)_columnList[i]).Equals(node))
return i;
}
return -1;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获得底层字段集合
/// </summary>
/// <param name="alList">底层字段集合</param>
/// <param name="node">字段节点</param>
/// <param name="checked">向上搜索与否</param>
/// <remarks></remarks>
private void GetNadirColumnNodes(
ArrayList alList,
TreeNode node,
Boolean isChecked)
{
if (isChecked == false)
{
if (node.FirstNode == null)
{
alList.Add(node);
if (node.NextNode != null)
{
GetNadirColumnNodes(alList, node.NextNode, false);
return;
}
if (node.Parent != null)
{
GetNadirColumnNodes(alList, node.Parent, true);
return;
}
}
else
{
if (node.FirstNode != null)
{
GetNadirColumnNodes(alList, node.FirstNode, false);
return;
}
}
}
else
{
if (node.FirstNode == null)
{
return;
}
else
{
if (node.NextNode != null)
{
GetNadirColumnNodes(alList, node.NextNode, false);
return;
}
if (node.Parent != null)
{
GetNadirColumnNodes(alList, node.Parent, true);
return;
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 滚动
/// </summary>
/// <param name="e"></param>
protected override void OnScroll(ScrollEventArgs e)
{
bool scrollDirection = (e.ScrollOrientation == ScrollOrientation.HorizontalScroll);
base.OnScroll(e);
if (RefreshAtHscroll && scrollDirection)
this.Refresh();
}
/// <summary>
/// 列宽度改变的重写
/// </summary>
/// <param name="e"></param>
protected override void OnColumnWidthChanged(DataGridViewColumnEventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = Graphics.FromHwnd(this.Handle);
float uwh = g.MeasureString(e.Column.HeaderText, this.Font).Width;
if (uwh >= e.Column.Width) { e.Column.Width = Convert.ToInt16(uwh); }
base.OnColumnWidthChanged(e);
}
/// <summary>
/// 单元格绘制(重写)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="e"></param>
/// <remarks></remarks>
protected override void OnCellPainting(System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellPaintingEventArgs e)
{
try
{
if (e.RowIndex > -1 && e.ColumnIndex > -1)
{
DrawCell(e);
}
else
{
//行标题不重写
if (e.ColumnIndex < 0)
{
base.OnCellPainting(e);
return;
}
if (_columnDeep == 1)
{
base.OnCellPainting(e);
return;
}
//绘制表头
if (e.RowIndex == -1)
{
if (e.ColumnIndex >= NadirColumnList.Count) { e.Handled = true; return; }
PaintUnitHeader((TreeNode)NadirColumnList[e.ColumnIndex]
, e
, _columnDeep);
e.Handled = true;
}
}
}
catch
{ }
}
#region 合并单元格
/// <summary>
/// 画单元格
/// </summary>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void DrawCell(DataGridViewCellPaintingEventArgs e)
{
if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.NotSet)
{
e.CellStyle.Alignment = DataGridViewContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
}
Brush gridBrush = new SolidBrush(this.GridColor);
SolidBrush backBrush = new SolidBrush(e.CellStyle.BackColor);
SolidBrush fontBrush = new SolidBrush(e.CellStyle.ForeColor);
int cellwidth;
//上面相同的行数
int UpRows = 0;
//下面相同的行数
int DownRows = 0;
//总行数
int count = 0;
if (this.MergeColumnNames.Contains(this.Columns[e.ColumnIndex].Name) && e.RowIndex != -1)
{
cellwidth = e.CellBounds.Width;
Pen gridLinePen = new Pen(gridBrush);
string curValue = e.Value == null ? "" : e.Value.ToString().Trim();
string curSelected = this.CurrentRow.Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Value == null ? "" : this.CurrentRow.Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Value.ToString().Trim();
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(curValue))
{
#region 获取下面的行数
for (int i = e.RowIndex; i < this.Rows.Count; i++)
{
if (this.Rows[i].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Value.ToString().Equals(curValue))
{
//this.Rows[i].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Selected = this.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Selected;
DownRows++;
if (e.RowIndex != i)
{
cellwidth = cellwidth < this.Rows[i].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Size.Width ? cellwidth : this.Rows[i].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Size.Width;
}
}
else
{
break;
}
}
#endregion
#region 获取上面的行数
for (int i = e.RowIndex; i >= 0; i--)
{
if (this.Rows[i].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Value.ToString().Equals(curValue))
{
//this.Rows[i].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Selected = this.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Selected;
UpRows++;
if (e.RowIndex != i)
{
cellwidth = cellwidth < this.Rows[i].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Size.Width ? cellwidth : this.Rows[i].Cells[e.ColumnIndex].Size.Width;
}
}
else
{
break;
}
}
#endregion
count = DownRows + UpRows - 1;
if (count < 2)
{
return;
}
}
if (this.Rows[e.RowIndex].Selected)
{
backBrush.Color = e.CellStyle.SelectionBackColor;
fontBrush.Color = e.CellStyle.SelectionForeColor;
}
//以背景色填充
e.Graphics.FillRectangle(backBrush, e.CellBounds);
//画字符串
PaintingFont(e, cellwidth, UpRows, DownRows, count);
if (DownRows == 1)
{
e.Graphics.DrawLine(gridLinePen, e.CellBounds.Left, e.CellBounds.Bottom - 1, e.CellBounds.Right - 1, e.CellBounds.Bottom - 1);
count = 0;
}
// 画右边线
e.Graphics.DrawLine(gridLinePen, e.CellBounds.Right - 1, e.CellBounds.Top, e.CellBounds.Right - 1, e.CellBounds.Bottom);
e.Handled = true;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 画字符串
/// </summary>
/// <param name="e"></param>
/// <param name="cellwidth"></param>
/// <param name="UpRows"></param>
/// <param name="DownRows"></param>
/// <param name="count"></param>
private void PaintingFont(System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellPaintingEventArgs e, int cellwidth, int UpRows, int DownRows, int count)
{
SolidBrush fontBrush = new SolidBrush(e.CellStyle.ForeColor);
int fontheight = (int)e.Graphics.MeasureString(e.Value.ToString(), e.CellStyle.Font).Height;
int fontwidth = (int)e.Graphics.MeasureString(e.Value.ToString(), e.CellStyle.Font).Width;
int cellheight = e.CellBounds.Height;
if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.BottomCenter)
{
e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X + (cellwidth - fontwidth) / 2, e.CellBounds.Y + cellheight * DownRows - fontheight);
}
else if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.BottomLeft)
{
e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X, e.CellBounds.Y + cellheight * DownRows - fontheight);
}
else if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.BottomRight)
{
e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X + cellwidth - fontwidth, e.CellBounds.Y + cellheight * DownRows - fontheight);
}
else if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.MiddleCenter)
{
e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X + (cellwidth - fontwidth) / 2, e.CellBounds.Y - cellheight * (UpRows - 1) + (cellheight * count - fontheight) / 2);
}
else if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.MiddleLeft)
{
e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X, e.CellBounds.Y - cellheight * (UpRows - 1) + (cellheight * count - fontheight) / 2);
}
else if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.MiddleRight)
{
e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X + cellwidth - fontwidth, e.CellBounds.Y - cellheight * (UpRows - 1) + (cellheight * count - fontheight) / 2);
}
else if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.TopCenter)
{
e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X + (cellwidth - fontwidth) / 2, e.CellBounds.Y - cellheight * (UpRows - 1));
}
else if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.TopLeft)
{
e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X, e.CellBounds.Y - cellheight * (UpRows - 1));
}
else if (e.CellStyle.Alignment == DataGridViewContentAlignment.TopRight)
{
e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X + cellwidth - fontwidth, e.CellBounds.Y - cellheight * (UpRows - 1));
}
else
{
e.Graphics.DrawString((String)e.Value, e.CellStyle.Font, fontBrush, e.CellBounds.X + (cellwidth - fontwidth) / 2, e.CellBounds.Y - cellheight * (UpRows - 1) + (cellheight * count - fontheight) / 2);
}
}
#endregion
}
}
4.为窗体Form1添加控件（组件）HeaderUnitView：
5.控件的设置：
A、通过属性设置
（1）设置ColumnHeadersHeightSizeM
（2）编辑列
（3）设置ColumnDeep属性为：2；设置CellHeight和ColumnHeadersHeight属性 （设置一个值）
（4）设置ColumnTreeView属性，添加TreeView
（5）设置ColumnTreeViewNode属性，为TreeView添加节点。
（6）设置RefreshAtHscroll属性为True。
（7）利用DataGridView方法绑定所要显示的数据即可
B、通过代码设置
//添加列
DataGridViewTextBoxColumn tcDM = newDataGridViewTextBoxColumn();
tcDM.HeaderText = "班级代码";
tcDM.Name = "DM";
//tcDM.DataPropertyName = "DM";
tcDM.ReadOnly = true;
//tcDM.SortMode =DataGridViewColumnSortMode.NotSortable;
//tcDM.DefaultCellStyle.Alignment =DataGridViewContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
dgv.Columns.Add(tcDM);
DataGridViewTextBoxColumn tcMC = newDataGridViewTextBoxColumn();
tcMC.HeaderText = "班级名称";
tcMC.Name = "MC";
tcMC.ReadOnly = true;
dgv.Columns.Add(tcMC);
DataGridViewTextBoxColumn tcNan = newDataGridViewTextBoxColumn();
tcNan.HeaderText = "男";
tcNan.Name = "Nan";
tcNan.ReadOnly = true;
dgv.Columns.Add(tcNan);
DataGridViewTextBoxColumn tcNv = newDataGridViewTextBoxColumn();
tcNv.HeaderText = "女";
tcNv.Name = "Nv";
tcNv.ReadOnly = true;
dgv.Columns.Add(tcNv);
//增加TreeView
TreeView tv = new TreeView();
TreeNode tnDM = new TreeNode("班级代码");
tv.Nodes.Add(tnDM);
TreeNode tnMC = new TreeNode("班级名称");
tv.Nodes.Add(tnMC);
TreeNode tnSex = new TreeNode("性别");
tv.Nodes.Add(tnSex);
TreeNode tnNan = new TreeNode("男");
tnSex.Nodes.Add(tnNan);
TreeNode tnNv = new TreeNode("女");
tnSex.Nodes.Add(tnNv);
dgv.ColumnTreeView = new TreeView[] { tv };
//设置其他属性
dgv.AutoGenerateColumns =false; //不自动增加列
dgv.RowHeadersVisible =false; //行头不可见
dgv.AllowUserToAddRows = false;
dgv.RowTemplate.DefaultCellStyle.Alignment =DataGridViewContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
dgv.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode =DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.DisableResizing;
dgv.ColumnDeep = 2;
dgv.CellHeight = 25;
dgv.ColumnHeadersHeight = 50;
dgv.RefreshAtHscroll = true;
三、添加一条数据
dgv.Rows.Add(); //添加行
dgv.Rows[0].Cells["DM"].Value= "2003001";
dgv.Rows[0].Cells["MC"].Value= "网络一班"; ;
dgv.Rows[0].Cells["Nan"].Value= "26人";
dgv.Rows[0].Cells["Nv"].Value= "18人";
四、合并单元格
headerUnitView1.MergeColumnNames.Add("Column11");//Column11需要合并单元格的列
如果有三层表头就把ColumnDeep改成3,,依次...