• 多线程学习笔记五


    线程通信--多生产者多消费者问题
      多生产者,多消费者会导致线程死锁的情况。

    public class RoastDuck {
            public static void main(String[] args) {
                Duck d = new Duck();
                ProductProcess pp = new ProductProcess(d);
                ProductProcess pp0 = new ProductProcess(d);
                ConsumeProcess cp = new ConsumeProcess(d);
                ConsumeProcess cp0 = new ConsumeProcess(d);
                Thread t0 = new Thread(pp0);
                Thread t1 = new Thread(pp);
                Thread t2 = new Thread(cp);
                Thread t3 = new Thread(cp0);
                t0.start();
                t1.start();
                t2.start();
                t3.start();
            }
        }
        class ProductProcess implements Runnable {
            Duck d ;
            public ProductProcess(Duck d) {
                this.d = d;
            }
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while(true){
                    synchronized(d){
                        d.product("好吃的烤鸭");
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        class ConsumeProcess implements Runnable{
            Duck d ;
            public ConsumeProcess(Duck d) {
                this.d = d;
            }
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while(true){
                    synchronized(d){
                        d.consume();
                    }
                }
            }
            
        }
        class Duck{
            private String name;
            private int count = 1;
            private boolean flag = false;
            public void product(String name){
                //第一种写法:
                if(flag == false){ 
                    this.name = name+count;
                    count++;
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : product  "+this.name +"  duck");
                    flag = true;
                    this.notify();
                }else{
                    try {
                        this.wait();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                //第二种写法:
                /*if(flag == true){
                    try {
                        this.wait();//如果这样写,程序会在这里进入线程池,下次被唤醒的时候就不会进行判断,直接进入下面的操作,会出现线程安全问题。
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                this.name = name+count;
                count++;
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : product  "+this.name +"  duck");
                flag = true;
                this.notify();*/
                //第二种方法改正:
                /*while(flag){
                    try {
                        this.wait();//如果这样写,程序会在这里进入线程池,下次被唤醒的时候就不会进行判断,直接进入下面的操作,会出现线程安全问题。
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                this.name = name+count;
                count++;
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : product  "+this.name +"  duck");
                flag = true;
                this.notify();*/
            }
            public void consume(){
                if(flag == true){
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : consume  "+this.name +"  duck");
                    flag = false;
                    this.notify();
                }else{
                    try {
                        this.wait();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

    产生原因:
      因为每次唤醒的线程都是任意的,如果唤醒线程的时候总是唤醒本方的线程(例如都是生产者或者都是消费者),就会导致线程死锁。
    解决思路:
      每次唤醒都要保证有对方的线程被唤醒。
    解决方法:
      每次都唤醒所有的线程。使用notifyAll();方法。

    public class RoastDuck {
            public static void main(String[] args) {
                Duck d = new Duck();
                ProductProcess pp = new ProductProcess(d);
                ProductProcess pp0 = new ProductProcess(d);
                ConsumeProcess cp = new ConsumeProcess(d);
                ConsumeProcess cp0 = new ConsumeProcess(d);
                Thread t0 = new Thread(pp0);
                Thread t1 = new Thread(pp);
                Thread t2 = new Thread(cp);
                Thread t3 = new Thread(cp0);
                t0.start();
                t1.start();
                t2.start();
                t3.start();
            }
        }
        class ProductProcess implements Runnable {
            Duck d ;
            public ProductProcess(Duck d) {
                this.d = d;
            }
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while(true){
                    synchronized(d){
                        d.product("好吃的烤鸭");
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        class ConsumeProcess implements Runnable{
            Duck d ;
            public ConsumeProcess(Duck d) {
                this.d = d;
            }
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while(true){
                    synchronized(d){
                        d.consume();
                    }
                }
            }
            
        }
        class Duck{
            private String name;
            private int count = 1;
            private boolean flag = false;
            public void product(String name){
                //第一种写法:
                if(flag == false){ 
                    this.name = name+count;
                    count++;
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : product  "+this.name +"  duck");
                    flag = true;
                    this.notifyAll();
                }else{
                    try {
                        this.wait();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                //第二种写法:
                /*if(flag == true){
                    try {
                        this.wait();//如果这样写,程序会在这里进入线程池,下次被唤醒的时候就不会进行判断,直接进入下面的操作,会出现线程安全问题。
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                this.name = name+count;
                count++;
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : product  "+this.name +"  duck");
                flag = true;
                this.notifyAll();*/
                //第二种方法改正:
                /*while(flag){
                    try {
                        this.wait();//如果这样写,程序会在这里进入线程池,下次被唤醒的时候就不会进行判断,直接进入下面的操作,会出现线程安全问题。
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                this.name = name+count;
                count++;
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : product  "+this.name +"  duck");
                flag = true;
                this.notifyAll();*/
            }
            public void consume(){
                if(flag == true){
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : consume  "+this.name +"  duck");
                    flag = false;
                    this.notifyAll();
                }else{
                    try {
                        this.wait();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

      notifyAll()方法解决了一定能唤醒对方线程的问题。
      以前解决多生产者多消费者的情况就用while循环判断+notifyAll解决。
      但是一唤醒就全醒了,本方也醒了,本方还要重新判断标记。
      这些问题在JDK1.5给出了解决方案:
        1.5以前,我们用的synchronized同步代码块是隐式的,操作起来不灵活。
        1.5以后,新增了一个接口---->lock
      在java.util.concurrent.locks包中。
        public interface Lock
        Lock 实现提供了比使用 synchronized 方法(同步函数)和语句(同步块)可获得的【更广泛】的锁定操作。
        此实现允许更灵活的结构,可以具有差别很大的属性,可以支持多个相关的 Condition 对象。
      语法形式:
        lock.lock();
        code...
        lock.unlock();
      将同步和锁封装成了对象,并将操作锁的隐式方式定义到了该对象中,将隐式动作变成了显示动作。
        public interface Condition
        Condition 将 Object 监视器方法(wait、notify 和 notifyAll)分解成截然不同的对象,以便通过将这些对象与任意 Lock 实现组合使用,为每个对象提供多个等待 set(wait-set)。
        其中,Lock 替代了 synchronized 方法和语句的使用,Condition 替代了 Object 监视器方法的使用。

    1.5之前解决线程安全问题:

    class Object{
            public final void wait() throws InterruptedException {
                wait(0);
            }
            public final native void notify();
            public final native void notifyAll();
        }
        class Demo extends Object{
        }
        class MyThread implements Thread{
            Demo d = new Demo();
            public void run(){
                synchronized(d){
                    d.wait();
                }
            }
        }

    1.5之后解决线程安全问题:

    class Condition{
             void await() throws InterruptedException;
             void signal();
             void signalAll();
        }
        Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        Condition c1 = lock.newCondition();
        Condition c2 = lock.newCondition();
        lock.lock();
        try{
            code...
        }finally{
            lock.unlock();
        }

      1.5以前,一个锁上只能由一组监视器,这组监视器既监视生产者又监视消费者。
      1.5以后,一个锁上面弄两组监视器,一组监视器监视生产者,一组监视器监视消费者。
        用Lock解决线程死锁问题:

    import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
        import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
        import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
        
        public class RoastDuckLock {
            public static void main(String[] args) {
                Duck2 d = new Duck2();
                ProductProcess2 pp = new ProductProcess2(d);
                ProductProcess2 pp0 = new ProductProcess2(d);
                ConsumeProcess2 cp = new ConsumeProcess2(d);
                ConsumeProcess2 cp0 = new ConsumeProcess2(d);
                Thread t0 = new Thread(pp0);
                Thread t1 = new Thread(pp);
                Thread t2 = new Thread(cp);
                Thread t3 = new Thread(cp0);
                t0.start();
                t1.start();
                t2.start();
                t3.start();
            }
        }
        class ProductProcess2 implements Runnable {
            Duck2 d ;
            public ProductProcess2(Duck2 d) {
                this.d = d;
            }
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while(true){
                    d.product("好吃的烤鸭");
                }
            }
        }
        class ConsumeProcess2 implements Runnable{
            Duck2 d ;
            public ConsumeProcess2(Duck2 d) {
                this.d = d;
            }
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while(true){
                    d.consume();
                }
            }
            
        }
        class Duck2{
            private String name;
            private int count = 1;
            private boolean flag = false;
            Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
            Condition product_con = lock.newCondition();
            Condition consume_con = lock.newCondition();
            
            public void product(String name){
                lock.lock();
                try{
                    if(flag == false){ 
                        this.name = name+count;
                        count++;
                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : product  "+this.name +"  duck");
                        flag = true;
                        consume_con.signal();
                    }else{
                        try {
                            product_con.await();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }finally{
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }
            public void consume(){
                lock.lock();
                try{
                    if(flag == true){
                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : consume       "+this.name +"  duck");
                        flag = false;
                        product_con.signal();
                    }else{
                        try {
                            consume_con.await();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }finally{
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }
        }

      Lock接口:代替了同步块和同步函数,将隐式锁操作变成了显示锁操作。同时更加灵活,可以一个锁上面加多组监视器。
      lock():获取锁
      unlock():释放锁,需要放在finally当中。
      Condition接口:出现了代替wait() notify() notifyAll(),并将这些监视器方法进行了封装,变成了Condition监视器对象。可以与任意锁进行组合。
        await();
        signal();
        signalAll();
    JDK文档内的示例:相对来说复杂,但是很经典,真正开发用的也是这种。

    class BoundedBuffer {
           final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
           final Condition notFull  = lock.newCondition(); 
           final Condition notEmpty = lock.newCondition(); 
        
           final Object[] items = new Object[100];
           int putptr, takeptr, count;
        
           public void put(Object x) throws InterruptedException {
             lock.lock();
             try {
               while (count == items.length) 
                 notFull.await();
               items[putptr] = x; 
               if (++putptr == items.length) putptr = 0;
               ++count;
               notEmpty.signal();
             } finally {
               lock.unlock();
             }
           }
        
           public Object take() throws InterruptedException {
             lock.lock();
             try {
               while (count == 0) 
                 notEmpty.await();
               Object x = items[takeptr]; 
               if (++takeptr == items.length) takeptr = 0;
               --count;
               notFull.signal();
               return x;
             } finally {
               lock.unlock();
             }
           } 
         }

     

  • 相关阅读:
    .NET 使用EF执行存储过程你知道几种?
    SQLserver 如何优雅的行转列
    SQLserver 如何获取近1月、近3个月、近6月数据
    三汇自动挂断问题:SIP兼容性,ACK检测,忽略ACK开启。
    几个flutter 开源项目测试
    Android versions for all users globally
    Using Flutter 2 on M1 MacOS Apple Silicon
    Educational Codeforces Round 111
    Wannafly挑战赛1
    摆烂记录
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/snoopylovefiona/p/4707450.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知