• Python用法速查@数据类型


    list 列表

    list.index(n)

    >>>l
    [1, 2, 2, 3, 4]
    >>>l.index(2) #返回2第一次出现的位置
    1
    >>>s='hello'
    >>>ls=list(s)
    >>>ls
    ['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']
    >>>ls.index('e') #返回‘e’的索引
    1
    >>>ls.index('n') #返回错误,元素不存在
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
    ValueError: 'n' is not in list
    
    

    list.count(n)

    >>>l
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9]
    >>>l.count(2) #返回2出现次数
    2
    >>>l.count(6)
    1
    >>>l.count(100) #返回0说明不存在
    0
    
    

    list.append(n)

    >>>la=[3,6,9]
    >>>lb=[0,1,2]
    >>>la.append(521)  #以元素形式追加末尾
    >>>la  
    [3, 6, 9, 521]
    >>>la.append(lb)   ##以元素形式追加末尾
    >>>la
    [3, 6, 9, 521, [0, 1, 2]]
    

    list.extend(list_n)

    list_n必须为列表

    >>>la.extend([888])  #扩充列表,list_n中的元素被逐个添加到原列表
    >>>la
    [3, 6, 9, 521, [0, 1, 2], 888]
    >>>la.extend(lb)  
    >>>la
    [3, 6, 9, 521, [0, 1, 2], 888, 0, 1, 2]
    >>>la.extend(111)   #直接传入元素会报错
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
    TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable
    
    

    list.insert(index, n)

    >>>g
    [2, 3, 6, 8, 9]
    >>>g.insert(2, 88888) #插入指定位置
    >>>g
    [2, 3, 88888, 6, 8, 9]
    

    list.pop()/list.pop(n)

    >>>g
    [3, 88888, 6, 8]
    >>>g.pop()  #移除末尾元素
    8
    >>>g.pop(1) #移除指定元素
    88888
    >>>g
    [3, 6]
    

    list.remove(n)

    >>>ls
    ['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']
    >>>ls.remove('l') #移除指定元素
    >>>ls
    ['h', 'e', 'l', 'o']
    >>>ls.remove('z') #未知元素,报错
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
    ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list
    

    list_n.reverse()

    >>>l=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
    >>>l.reverse()
    >>>l
    [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
    

    list_n.sort()

    逆序
    list_n.sort(reverse=True)

    >>>ll
    [1, 6, 3, 95, 56, 2, 565, 521]
    >>>ll.sort() #对原列表ll排序
    >>>ll
    [1, 2, 3, 6, 56, 95, 521, 565]
    >>>g
    [3, 6]
    >>>k=g.sort() #不返回任何值
    >>>k==None
    True
    
    

    sorted(list_n)

    逆序
    sorted(list_n, reverse=True)

    >>>l
    [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
    >>>k=sorted(l) #返回排序后列表,原列表不改变
    >>>l
    [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
    >>>k
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
    

    list.sort(key=len)/list.sort(key=lambda...)

    >>>lst=['a', 'aaaa', 'ab']
    >>>lst.sort(key=len) #按长度len排序
    >>>lst
    ['a', 'ab', 'aaaa']
    >>> students = [
            ('john', 'B', 15),
            ('jane', 'A', 12),
            ('dave', 'B', 10),
            ('ethan', 'C', 20),
            ('peter', 'B', 20),
            ('mike', 'C', 16)
        ]
    >>>
    # 对第 3 列排序 (从小到大)
    >>> sorted(students, key=lambda student: student[2]) 
    [('dave', 'B', 10),
     ('jane', 'A', 12),
     ('john', 'B', 15),
     ('mike', 'C', 16),
     ('ethan', 'C', 20),
     ('peter', 'B', 20)]
    
    # 对第 2 列排序(从小到大),再对第 3 列从大到小排序
    >>> sorted(students, key=lambda student: (student[1], -student[2]))
    [('jane', 'A', 12),
     ('peter', 'B', 20),
     ('john', 'B', 15),
     ('dave', 'B', 10),
     ('ethan', 'C', 20),
     ('mike', 'C', 16)]
    
    
    

    tuple 元组

    不可变序列

    >>> a = (1, 2, 3)    # a 是一个元组
    >>> a
    (1, 2, 3)
    >>> a[0] = 6         # 元组是不可变的,不能对它进行赋值操作
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
    
    

    空元组

    >>> a = ()
    >>> a
    ()
    
    

    一个值的元组

    >>> a = (12,)   # 在值后面再加一个逗号
    >>> a
    (12,)
    >>> type(a)
    <type 'tuple'>
    >>>
    >>> b = (12)    # 只是使用括号括起来,而没有加逗号,不是元组,本质上是 b = 12
    >>> b
    12
    >>> type(b)
    <type 'int'>
    
    

    tuple.index(n)

    >>>t[0:]
    (1, 2, 3)
    >>>t[-1]
    3
    >>>t[1:]
    (2, 3)
    >>>t[1] #可按index访问元组元素
    2
    >>>t[0]
    1
    
    
    

    sorted(tuple_n)

    >>>t=(1,2,3)
    >>>sorted(t, reverse=True) #只能用sorted()而不能用tuple.sort(),因为tuple不可变
    [3, 2, 1]
    
    

    dict 字典

    key必须为为不可变类型(数字/字符串/元组)

    d=dict(name='jjf', age=20)

    >>> d0 = {}    # 空字典
    >>> d0
    {}
    >>> d1 = {'name': 'ethan', 'age': 20}
    >>> d1
    {'age': 20, 'name': 'ethan'}
    >>> d1['age'] = 21          # 更新字典
    >>> d1
    {'age': 21, 'name': 'ethan'}
    >>> d2 = dict(name='ethan', age=20)    # 使用 dict 函数
    >>> d2
    {'age': 20, 'name': 'ethan'}
    >>> item = [('name', 'ethan'), ('age', 20)]
    >>> d3 = dict(item)
    >>> d3
    {'age': 20, 'name': 'ethan'}
    
    

    for key in dict_n:...

    for k in dict_n.keys():...

    del dict_n[key]

    >>> d = {'name': 'ethan', 'age': 20}
    >>> for key in d:
    ...     print '%s: %s' % (key, d[key])
    ...
    age: 20
    name: ethan
    >>> d['name']
    'ethan'
    >>> d['age']
    20
    >>> for key in d:
    ...     if key == 'name':
    ...         del d[key]         # 要删除字典的某一项
    ...
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration
    >>>
    >>> for key in d.keys():  # python2 应该使用这种方式, python3 使用 list(d.keys())
    ...     if key == 'name':
    ...         del d[key]
    ...
    >>> d
    {'age': 20}
    
    

    in

    >>> d = {'name': 'ethan', 'age': 20}
    >>> 'name' in d
    True
    >>> d['score']             # 访问不存在的键,会抛出 KeyError
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    KeyError: 'score'
    >>> 'score' in d           # 使用 in 判断 key 是否在字典里面
    False
    
    

    dict.clear()

    >>> d = {'name': 'ethan', 'age': 20}
    >>> rv = d.clear()
    >>> d
    {}
    >>> print rv
    None
    -------------------------
    >>> d1 = {}
    >>> d2 = d1
    >>> d2['name'] = 'ethan'
    >>> d1
    {'name': 'ethan'}
    >>> d2
    {'name': 'ethan'}
    >>> d1.clear()      # d1 清空之后,d2 也为空
    >>> d1
    {}
    >>> d2
    {}
    -------------------------
    >>> d1 = {}
    >>> d2 = d1
    >>> d2['name'] = 'ethan'
    >>> d1
    {'name': 'ethan'}
    >>> d2
    {'name': 'ethan'}
    >>> d1 = {}         # d1 变为空字典
    >>> d2
    {'name': 'ethan'}   # d2 不受影响
    
    

    dict['n_key'].remove('n_value')

    dict_n.copy()

    对不可变对象(key)修改保持同步
    对可变对象(value)修改保持独立

    >>> d1 = {'name': 'ethan', 'books': ['book1', 'book2', 'book3']}
    >>> d2 = d1.copy()
    >>> d2['name'] = 'peter'         # d2 对不可变对象的修改不会改变 d1
    >>> d2
    {'books': ['book1', 'book2', 'book3'], 'name': 'peter'}
    >>> d1
    {'books': ['book1', 'book2', 'book3'], 'name': 'ethan'}
    >>> d2['books'].remove('book2')  # d2 对可变对象的修改会影响 d1
    >>> d2
    {'books': ['book1', 'book3'], 'name': 'peter'}
    >>> d1
    {'books': ['book1', 'book3'], 'name': 'ethan'}
    >>> d1['books'].remove('book3')  # d1 对可变对象的修改会影响 d2
    >>> d1
    {'books': ['book1'], 'name': 'ethan'}
    >>> d2
    {'books': ['book1'], 'name': 'peter'}
    
    

    d=deepcopy(dict_n)

    >>> from copy import deepcopy
    >>> d1 = {'name': 'ethan', 'books': ['book1', 'book2', 'book3']}
    >>> d2 = deepcopy(d1)              # 创造出一个副本
    >>>
    >>> d2['books'].remove('book2')    # 对 d2 的任何修改不会影响到 d1
    >>> d2
    {'books': ['book1', 'book3'], 'name': 'ethan'}
    >>> d1
    {'books': ['book1', 'book2', 'book3'], 'name': 'ethan'}
    >>>
    >>> d1['books'].remove('book3')    # 对 d1 的任何修改也不会影响到 d2
    >>> d1
    {'books': ['book1', 'book2'], 'name': 'ethan'}
    >>> d2
    {'books': ['book1', 'book3'], 'name': 'ethan'}
    
    

    dict.get('n_key')/dict.get('n_key', 'default_output')

    >>> d = {}
    >>> d['name']
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    KeyError: 'name'
    >>> print d.get('name')
    None
    >>> d.get('name', 'ethan')   # 'name' 不存在,使用默认值 'ethan'
    'ethan'
    >>> d
    {}
    
    

    dict.setdefault(n_key, n_value)

    键值对'n_key':'n_value'不存在时才会更新成功并返回‘n_value’

    >>> d = {}
    >>> d.setdefault('name', 'ethan')   # 返回设定的默认值 'ethan'
    'ethan'
    >>> d                               # d 被更新
    {'name': 'ethan'}
    >>> d['age'] = 20
    >>> d
    {'age': 20, 'name': 'ethan'}
    >>> d.setdefault('age', 18)         # age 已存在,返回已有的值,不会更新字典
    20
    >>> d
    {'age': 20, 'name': 'ethan'}
    
    

    dict.update(dict_n)

    以覆盖形式更新

    >>> d = {}
    >>> d1 = {'name': 'ethan'}
    >>> d.update(d1)               # 将字典 d1 添加到 d
    >>> d
    {'name': 'ethan'}
    >>> d2 = {'age': 20}
    >>> d.update(d2)               # 将字典 d2 添加到 d
    >>> d
    {'age': 20, 'name': 'ethan'}
    >>> d3 = {'name': 'michael'}   # 将字典 d3 添加到 d,存在相同的 key,则覆盖
    >>> d.update(d3)
    >>> d
    {'age': 20, 'name': 'michael'}
    
    

    for k, v in dict.items():...

    返回列表

    >>> d = {'name': 'ethan', 'age': 20}
    >>> d.items()
    [('age', 20), ('name', 'ethan')]
    >>> for k, v in d.items():
    ... 	print '%s: %s' % (k, v)
    ...
    age: 20
    name: ethan
    
    

    for k, v in dict.iteritems():...

    返回迭代器对象

    >>> d = {'name': 'ethan', 'age': 20}
    >>> d.iteritems()
    <dictionary-itemiterator object at 0x109cf2d60>
    >>> for k, v in d.iteritems():
    ... 	print '%s: %s' % (k, v)
    ...
    age: 20
    name: ethan
    
    

    dict.keys()

    dict.iterkeys()

    >>> d = {'name': 'ethan', 'age': 20}
    >>> d.keys()
    ['age', 'name'] #返回针对键列表
    >>> d.iterkeys()
    <dictionary-keyiterator object at 0x1077fad08> #返回针对键迭代器
    
    

    dict.values()

    dict.itervalues()

    >>> d = {'name': 'ethan', 'age': 20}
    >>> d.values()
    [20, 'ethan']
    >>> d.itervalues()
    <dictionary-valueiterator object at 0x10477dd08>
    
    

    dict.pop('n_key')

    >>> d = {'name': 'ethan', 'age': 20}
    >>> d.pop('name') #移除键值对,返回键对应值
    'ethan'
    >>> d
    {'age': 20}
    
    

    dict.popitem()

    >>> d = {'id': 10, 'name': 'ethan', 'age': 20}
    >>> d.popitem()
    ('age', 20)
    >>> d
    {'id': 10, 'name': 'ethan'}
    >>> d.popitem() #随机挑一个(幸运观众hhh...)键值对移除
    ('id', 10)
    >>> d
    {'name': 'ethan'}
    
    

    sorted(dict_n, key=lambda...)

    students = [
        {'name': 'john', 'score': 'B', 'age': 15},
        {'name': 'jane', 'score': 'A', 'age': 12},
        {'name': 'dave', 'score': 'B', 'age': 10},
        {'name': 'ethan', 'score': 'C', 'age': 20},
        {'name': 'peter', 'score': 'B', 'age': 20},
        {'name': 'mike', 'score': 'C', 'age': 16}
    ]
    ------------------------------------------------
    >>> sorted(students, key=lambda stu: stu['score']) # score 从小到大
    [{'age': 12, 'name': 'jane', 'score': 'A'},
     {'age': 15, 'name': 'john', 'score': 'B'},
     {'age': 10, 'name': 'dave', 'score': 'B'},
     {'age': 20, 'name': 'peter', 'score': 'B'},
     {'age': 20, 'name': 'ethan', 'score': 'C'},
     {'age': 16, 'name': 'mike', 'score': 'C'}]
    ------------------------------------------------
    >>> sorted(students, key=lambda stu: stu['score'], reverse=True)  # score 从大到小
    [{'age': 20, 'name': 'ethan', 'score': 'C'},
     {'age': 16, 'name': 'mike', 'score': 'C'},
     {'age': 15, 'name': 'john', 'score': 'B'},
     {'age': 10, 'name': 'dave', 'score': 'B'},
     {'age': 20, 'name': 'peter', 'score': 'B'},
     {'age': 12, 'name': 'jane', 'score': 'A'}]
    ------------------------------------------------
    >>> sorted(students, key=lambda stu: (stu['score'], stu['age'])) # 先 score 从小到大,再 age 从小到大
    [{'age': 12, 'name': 'jane', 'score': 'A'},
     {'age': 10, 'name': 'dave', 'score': 'B'},
     {'age': 15, 'name': 'john', 'score': 'B'},
     {'age': 20, 'name': 'peter', 'score': 'B'},
     {'age': 16, 'name': 'mike', 'score': 'C'},
     {'age': 20, 'name': 'ethan', 'score': 'C'}]
    ------------------------------------------------
    >>> sorted(students, key=lambda stu: (stu['score'], -stu['age'])) # 先 score 从小到大,再 age 从大到小
    [{'age': 12, 'name': 'jane', 'score': 'A'},
     {'age': 20, 'name': 'peter', 'score': 'B'},
     {'age': 15, 'name': 'john', 'score': 'B'},
     {'age': 10, 'name': 'dave', 'score': 'B'},
     {'age': 20, 'name': 'ethan', 'score': 'C'},
     {'age': 16, 'name': 'mike', 'score': 'C'}]
    
    

    set 集合

    key不可重复

    s=set(n)

    创建

    >>> s1 = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'd', 'b'}   # 使用 {}
    >>> s1
    set(['a', 'c', 'b', 'd'])
    >>>
    >>> s2 = set('helloworld')                # 使用 set(),接收一个字符串
    >>> s2
    set(['e', 'd', 'h', 'l', 'o', 'r', 'w'])
    >>>
    >>> s3 = set(['.mp3', '.mp4', '.rmvb', '.mkv', '.mp3'])   # 使用 set(),接收一个列表
    >>> s3
    set(['.mp3', '.mkv', '.rmvb', '.mp4'])
    
    

    for e in s:...

    遍历

    >>> s = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'd', 'b'}
    >>> for e in s:
    ... print e
    ...
    a
    c
    b
    d
    
    

    set.add(n)

    >>> s = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'd', 'b'}
    >>> s
    set(['a', 'c', 'b', 'd'])
    >>> s.add('e') #添加
    >>> s
    set(['a', 'c', 'b', 'e', 'd'])
    >>> s.add('a') #重复添加无效
    >>> s
    set(['a', 'c', 'b', 'e', 'd'])
    >>> s.add(4)
    >>> s
    set(['a', 'c', 'b', 4, 'd', 'e'])
    
    

    set.remove(n)

    set.discard(n)

    >>> s = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'd', 'b'}
    >>> s
    set(['a', 'c', 'b', 'd'])
    >>> s.remove('a')           # 删除元素 'a'
    >>> s
    set(['c', 'b', 'd'])
    >>> s.remove('e')           # 删除不存在的元素,会抛出 KeyError
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    KeyError: 'e'
    >>> s.discard('e')          # 删除不存在的元素, 不会抛出 KeyError
    
    

    交&并|差-子集判断set.issubset(set_n)

    >>> s1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
    >>> s2 = {3, 6, 9, 10, 12}
    >>> s3 = {2, 3, 4}
    >>> s1 & s2            # 交集
    set([3, 6])
    >>> s1 | s2            # 并集
    set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12])
    >>> s1 - s2            # 差集
    set([1, 2, 4, 5])
    >>> s3.issubset(s1)    # s3 是否是 s1 的子集
    True
    >>> s3.issubset(s2)    # s3 是否是 s2 的子集
    False
    >>> s1.issuperset(s3)  # s1 是否是 s3 的超集
    True
    >>> s1.issuperset(s2)  # s1 是否是 s2 的超集
    False
    
    

    string 字符串

    indexing/sliceing/add/multiplying

    >>> s = 'hello, '
    >>> s[0]            # 索引
    'h'
    >>> s[1:3]          # 分片
    'el'
    >>> s + 'world'     # 加法
    'hello, world'
    >>> s * 2           # 乘法
    'hello, hello, '
    
    

    string[n]

    >>> nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]   # 列表
    >>> nums[0]
    1
    >>> nums[1]
    2
    >>> nums[-1]                 # 索引 -1 表示最后一个元素
    5
    >>> s = 'abcdef'             # 字符串
    >>> s[0]
    'a'
    >>> s[1]
    'b'
    >>>
    >>> a = (1, 2, 3)            # 元组
    >>> a[0]
    1
    >>> a[1]
    2
    
    

    string[a:b]

    >>> numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
    >>> numbers[0:2]                   # 列表分片
    [1, 2]
    >>> numbers[2:5]
    [3, 4, 5]
    >>> s = 'hello, world'             # 字符串分片
    >>> s[0:5]
    'hello'
    >>> a = (2, 4, 6, 8, 10)           # 元组分片
    >>> a[2:4]
    (6, 8)
    
    -----------------------------------------------------
    >>> numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
    >>> numbers[-3:]
    [6, 7, 8]
    >>> numbers[5:]
    [6, 7, 8]
    
    -----------------------------------------------------
    >>> numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
    >>> numbers[0:4]
    [1, 2, 3, 4]
    >>> numbers[0:4:1]    # 步长为 1,不写也可以,默认为 1
    [1, 2, 3, 4]
    >>> numbers[0:4:2]    # 步长为 2,取出 numbers[0], numbers[2]
    [1, 3]
    >>> numbers[::3]      # 等价于 numbers[0:8:3],取出索引为 0, 3, 6 的元素
    [1, 4, 7]
    
    -----------------------------------------------------
    
    >>> numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
    >>> numbers[0:4:-1]
    []
    >>> numbers[4:0:-1]       # 取出索引为 4, 3, 2, 1 的元素
    [5, 4, 3, 2]
    >>> numbers[4:0:-2]       # 取出索引为 4, 2 的元素
    [5, 3]
    >>> numbers[::-1]         # 从右到左取出所有元素
    [8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
    >>> numbers[::-2]         # 取出索引为 7, 5, 3, 1 的元素
    [8, 6, 4, 2]
    >>> numbers[6::-2]        # 取出索引为 6, 4, 2, 0 的元素
    [7, 5, 3, 1]
    >>> numbers[:6:-2]        # 取出索引为 7 的元素
    [8]
    
    

    string1+string2

    >>> [1, 2, 3] + [4, 5, 6]     # 「加法」效果其实就是连接在一起
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
    >>> (1, 2, 3) + (4, 5, 6)
    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
    >>> 'hello, ' + 'world!'
    'hello, world!'
    >>> [1, 2, 3] + 'abc'
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    TypeError: can only concatenate list (not "str") to list
    
    

    string*n

    >>> 'abc' * 3
    'abcabcabc'
    >>> [0] * 3
    [0, 0, 0]
    >>> [1, 2, 3] * 3
    [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
    
    

    in

    >>> 'he' in 'hello'
    True
    >>> 'hl' in 'hello'
    False
    >>> 10 in [6, 8, 10]
    True
    
    

    string.find(n, pos)

    >>> motto = "to be or not to be, that is a question"
    >>> motto.find('be')            # 返回 'b' 所在的位置,即 3
    3
    >>> motto.find('be', 4)         # 指定从起始位置开始找,找到的是第 2 个 'be'
    16
    >>> motto.find('be', 4, 7)      # 指定起始位置和终点位置,没有找到,返回 -1
    -1
    
    

    string.split(n)

    >>> '/user/bin/ssh'.split('/')         # 使用 '/' 作为分隔符
    ['', 'user', 'bin', 'ssh']
    >>> '1+2+3+4+5'.split('+')             # 使用 '+' 作为分隔符
    ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']
    >>> 'that    is a   question'.split()  # 没有提供分割符,默认使用所有空格作为分隔符
    ['that', 'is', 'a', 'question']
    
    

    n.join(string_list)

    >>> '/'.join(['', 'user', 'bin', 'ssh'])
    '/user/bin/ssh'
    >>>
    >>> '+'.join(['1', '2', '3', '4', '5'])
    '1+2+3+4+5'
    >>> ' '.join(['that', 'is', 'a', 'question'])
    'that is a question'
    >>> ''.join(['h', 'e', 'll', 'o'])
    'hello'
    >>> '+'.join([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])          # 不能是数字
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    TypeError: sequence item 0: expected string, int found
    
    

    string.strip()

    string.lstrip()

    string.rstrip()

    >>> '  hello world!   '.strip()                # 移除左右两侧空格
    'hello world!'
    >>> '%%%   hello world!!!  ####'.strip('%#')   # 移除左右两侧的 '%' 或 '#'
    '   hello world!!!  '
    >>> '%%%   hello world!!!  ####'.strip('%# ')  # 移除左右两侧的 '%' 或 '#' 或空格
    'hello world!!!'
    #另 
    >>> s=' BlackPink Lisa '
    >>> s.lstrip() #只移除左侧
    'BlackPink Lisa '
    >>> s.rstrip() #只移除右侧
    ' BlackPink Lisa'
    >>> s.strip()
    'BlackPink Lisa'
    >>>
    
    

    string.replace(word, new_word)

    >>> motto = 'To be or not To be, that is a question'
    >>> motto.replace('To', 'to')        # 用 'to' 替换所有的 'To',返回了一个新的字符串
    'to be or not to be, that is a question'
    >>> motto                            # 原字符串保持不变
    'To be or not To be, that is a question'
    
    

    string.maketrans('aeiou', '12345')

    string.translate(table[, delete_chars])

    >>> from string import maketrans
    >>> table = maketrans('aeiou', '12345')
    >>> motto = 'to be or not to be, that is a question'
    >>> motto.translate(table)
    't4 b2 4r n4t t4 b2, th1t 3s 1 q52st34n'
    >>> motto
    'to be or not to be, that is a question'
    >>> motto.translate(table, 'rqu')        # 移除所有的 'r', 'q', 'u'
    't4 b2 4 n4t t4 b2, th1t 3s 1 2st34n'
    
    

    string.lower()

    string.upper()

    >>> x = 'PYTHON'
    >>> x.lower()
    'python'
    >>> x
    'PYTHON'
    >>>
    >>> y = 'python'
    >>> y.upper()
    'PYTHON'
    >>> y
    'python'
    
    

    参考

    explore-python/DataTypes


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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hugboy/p/DataTypes.html
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