转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/leaven/archive/2010/11/30/1891947.html
查看/dev/input/eventX是什么类型的事件, cat /proc/bus/input/devices 设备有着自己特殊的按键键码,我需要将一些标准的按键,比如0-9,X-Z等模拟成标准按键,比如KEY_0,KEY-Z等,所以需要用到按键模拟,具体方法就是操作/dev/input/event1文件,向它写入个input_event结构体就可以模拟按键的输入了。 linux/input.h中有定义,这个文件还定义了标准按键的编码等 struct input_event { struct timeval time; //按键时间 __u16 type; //类型,在下面有定义 __u16 code; //要模拟成什么按键 __s32 value;//是按下还是释放 }; code: 事件的代码.如果事件的类型代码是EV_KEY,该代码code为设备键盘代码.代码植0~127为键盘上的按键代码,0x110~0x116 为鼠标上按键代码,其中0x110(BTN_ LEFT)为鼠标左键,0x111(BTN_RIGHT)为鼠标右键,0x112(BTN_ MIDDLE)为鼠标中键.其它代码含义请参看include/linux/input.h文件. 如果事件的类型代码是EV_REL,code值表示轨迹的类型.如指示鼠标的X轴方向REL_X(代码为0x00),指示鼠标的Y轴方向REL_Y(代码为0x01),指示鼠标中轮子方向REL_WHEEL(代码为0x08). type: EV_KEY,键盘 EV_REL,相对坐标 EV_ABS,绝对坐标 value: 事件的值.如果事件的类型代码是EV_KEY,当按键按下时值为1,松开时值为0;如果事件的类型代码是EV_ REL,value的正数值和负数值分别代表两个不同方向的值. /* * Event types */ #define EV_SYN 0x00 #define EV_KEY 0x01 //按键 #define EV_REL 0x02 //相对坐标(轨迹球) #define EV_ABS 0x03 //绝对坐标 #define EV_MSC 0x04 //其他 #define EV_SW 0x05 #define EV_LED 0x11 //LED #define EV_SND 0x12//声音 #define EV_REP 0x14//repeat #define EV_FF 0x15 #define EV_PWR 0x16 #define EV_FF_STATUS 0x17 #define EV_MAX 0x1f #define EV_CNT (EV_MAX+1) 1。模拟按键输入 //其中0表示释放,1按键按下,2表示一直按下 //0 for EV_KEY for release, 1 for keypress and 2 for autorepeat. void simulate_key(int fd,int value) { struct input_event event; event.type = EV_KEY; //event.code = KEY_0;//要模拟成什么按键 event.value = value;//是按下还是释放按键或者重复 gettimeofday(&event.time,0); if(write(fd,&event,sizeof(event)) < 0){ dprintk("simulate key error~~~ "); return ; } } 2。模拟鼠标输入(轨迹球) void simulate_mouse(int fd,char buf[4]) { int rel_x,rel_y; static struct input_event event,ev; //buf[0],buf[2],小于0则为左移,大于0则为右移 //buf[1],buf[3],小于0则为下移,大于0则为上移 dprintk("MOUSE TOUCH: x1=%d,y1=%d,x2=%d,y2=%d ",buf[0],buf[1],buf[2],buf[3]); rel_x = (buf[0] + buf[2]) /2; rel_y = -(buf[1] + buf[3]) /2; //和我们的鼠标是相反的方向,所以取反 event.type = EV_REL; event.code = REL_X; event.value = rel_x; gettimeofday(&event.time,0); if( write(fd,&event,sizeof(event))!=sizeof(event)) dprintk("rel_x error~~~:%s ",strerror(errno)); event.code = REL_Y; event.value = rel_y; gettimeofday(&event.time,0); if( write(fd,&event,sizeof(event))!=sizeof(event)) dprintk("rel_y error~~~:%s ",strerror(errno)); //一定要刷新空的 write(fd,&ev,sizeof(ev)); } 鼠标和键盘文件打开方法: int fd_kbd; // /dev/input/event1 int fd_mouse; //dev/input/mouse2 fd_kbd = open("/dev/input/event1",O_RDWR); if(fd_kbd<=0){ printf("error open keyboard:%s ",strerror(errno)); return -1; } fd_mouse = open("/dev/input/event3",O_RDWR); //如果不行的话,那试试/dev/input/mice if(fd_mouse<=0){ printf("error open mouse:%s ",strerror(errno)); return -2; } } /dev/input/mice是鼠标的抽象,代表的是鼠标,也许是/dev/input/mouse,/dev/input/mouse1,或者空, 这个文件一直会存在。 这里你也许会问,我怎么知道/dev/input/eventX这些事件到底是什么事件阿,是鼠标还是键盘或者别的, eventX代表的是所有输入设备(input核心)的事件,比如按键按下,或者鼠标移动,或者游戏遥控器等等, 在系统查看的方法是 cat /proc/bus/input/devices 就可以看到每个eventX是什么设备的事件了。 PS: 在GTK中用的话,可以参考下gtk_main_do_event这个函数 static void simulate_key(GtkWidget *window,int keyval,int press) { GdkEvent *event; GdkEventType type; if(press) type = GDK_KEY_PRESS; else type = GDK_KEY_RELEASE; event = gdk_event_new(type); //event->key.send_event = TRUE; event->key.window = window->window; //一定要设置为主窗口 event->key.keyval = keyval; //FIXME:一定要加上这个,要不然容易出错 g_object_ref(event->key.window); gdk_threads_enter(); //FIXME: 记得用这个来发送事件 gtk_main_do_event(event); gdk_threads_leave(); gdk_event_free(event); } kernel里input模块 input_dev结构: struct input_dev { void *private; const char *name; const char *phys; const char *uniq; struct input_id id; /* * 根据各种输入信号的类型来建立类型为unsigned long 的数组, * 数组的每1bit代表一种信号类型, * 内核中会对其进行置位或清位操作来表示时间的发生和被处理. */ unsigned long evbit[NBITS(EV_MAX)]; unsigned long keybit[NBITS(KEY_MAX)]; unsigned long relbit[NBITS(REL_MAX)]; unsigned long absbit[NBITS(ABS_MAX)]; unsigned long mscbit[NBITS(MSC_MAX)]; unsigned long ledbit[NBITS(LED_MAX)]; unsigned long sndbit[NBITS(SND_MAX)]; unsigned long ffbit[NBITS(FF_MAX)]; unsigned long swbit[NBITS(SW_MAX)]; ......................................... }; /** * input_set_capability - mark device as capable of a certain event * @dev: device that is capable of emitting or accepting event * @type: type of the event (EV_KEY, EV_REL, etc...) * @code: event code * * In addition to setting up corresponding bit in appropriate capability * bitmap the function also adjusts dev->evbit. */ /* 记录本设备对于哪些事件感兴趣(对其进行处理)*/ void input_set_capability(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int type, unsigned int code) { switch (type) { case EV_KEY: __set_bit(code, dev->keybit);//比如按键,应该对哪些键值的按键进行处理(对于其它按键不予理睬) break; case EV_REL: __set_bit(code, dev->relbit); break; case EV_ABS: __set_bit(code, dev->absbit); break; case EV_MSC: __set_bit(code, dev->mscbit); break; case EV_SW: __set_bit(code, dev->swbit); break; case EV_LED: __set_bit(code, dev->ledbit); break; case EV_SND: __set_bit(code, dev->sndbit); break; case EV_FF: __set_bit(code, dev->ffbit); break; default: printk(KERN_ERR "input_set_capability: unknown type %u (code %u) ", type, code); dump_stack(); return; } __set_bit(type, dev->evbit);//感觉和前面重复了(前面一经配置过一次了) } EXPORT_SYMBOL(input_set_capability); static irqreturn_t gpio_keys_isr(int irq, void *dev_id) { int i; struct platform_device *pdev = dev_id; struct gpio_keys_platform_data *pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data; struct input_dev *input = platform_get_drvdata(pdev); for (i = 0; i < pdata->nbuttons; i++) { struct gpio_keys_button *button = &pdata->buttons[i]; int gpio = button->gpio; if (irq == gpio_to_irq(gpio)) {//判断哪个键被按了? unsigned int type = button->type ?: EV_KEY; int state = (gpio_get_value(gpio) ? 1 : 0) ^ button->active_low;//记录按键状态 input_event(input, type, button->code, !!state);//汇报输入事件 input_sync(input);//等待输入事件处理完成 } } return IRQ_HANDLED; } /* * input_event() - report new input event * @dev: device that generated the event * @type: type of the event * @code: event code * @value: value of the event * * This function should be used by drivers implementing various input devices * See also input_inject_event() */ void input_event(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value) { struct input_handle *handle; if (type > EV_MAX || !test_bit(type, dev->evbit))//首先判断该事件类型是否有效且为该设备所接受 return; add_input_randomness(type, code, value); switch (type) { case EV_SYN: switch (code) { case SYN_CONFIG: if (dev->event) dev->event(dev, type, code, value); break; case SYN_REPORT: if (dev->sync) return; dev->sync = 1; break; } break; case EV_KEY: /* * 这里需要满足几个条件: * 1: 键值有效(不超出定义的键值的有效范围) * 2: 键值为设备所能接受(属于该设备所拥有的键值范围) * 3: 按键状态改变了 */ if (code > KEY_MAX || !test_bit(code, dev->keybit) || !!test_bit(code, dev->key) == value) return; if (value == 2) break; change_bit(code, dev->key);//改变对应按键的状态 /* 如果你希望按键未释放的时候不断汇报按键事件的话需要以下这个(在简单的gpio_keys驱动中不需要这个,暂时不去分析) */ if (test_bit(EV_REP, dev->evbit) && dev->rep[REP_PERIOD] && dev->rep[REP_DELAY] && dev->timer.data && value) { dev->repeat_key = code; mod_timer(&dev->timer, jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(dev->rep[REP_DELAY])); } break; ........................................................ if (type != EV_SYN) dev->sync = 0; if (dev->grab) dev->grab->handler->event(dev->grab, type, code, value); else /* * 循环调用所有处理该设备的handle(event,mouse,ts,joy等), * 如果有进程打开了这些handle(进行读写),则调用其对应的event接口向气汇报该输入事件. */ list_for_each_entry(handle, &dev->h_list, d_node) if (handle->open) handle->handler->event(handle, type, code, value); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(input_event); event层对于input层报告的这个键盘输入事件的处理: drivers/input/evdev.c: static struct input_handler evdev_handler = { .event = evdev_event, .connect = evdev_connect, .disconnect = evdev_disconnect, .fops = &evdev_fops, .minor = EVDEV_MINOR_BASE, .name = "evdev", .id_table = evdev_ids, }; Linux 有自己的 input 子系统,可以统一管理鼠标和键盘事件。 基于输入子系统 实现的 uinput 可以方便的在用户空间模拟鼠标和键盘事件。 当然,也可以自己造轮子, 做一个字符设备接收用户输入,根据输入,投递 input 事件。 还有一种方式就是直接 往 evnent 里写入数据, 都可以达到控制鼠标键盘的功能。 本篇文章就是演示直接写入 event 的方法。 linux/input.h中有定义,这个文件还定义了标准按键的编码等 struct input_event { struct timeval time; //按键时间 __u16 type; //类型,在下面有定义 __u16 code; //要模拟成什么按键 __s32 value;//是按下还是释放 }; code: 事件的代码.如果事件的类型代码是EV_KEY,该代码code为设备键盘代码.代码植0~127为键盘上的按键代码, 0x110~0x116 为鼠标上按键代码,其中0x110(BTN_ LEFT)为鼠标左键,0x111(BTN_RIGHT)为鼠标右键,0x112(BTN_ MIDDLE)为鼠标中键.其它代码含义请参看include/linux /input.h文件. 如果事件的类型代码是EV_REL,code值表示轨迹的类型.如指示鼠标的X轴方向 REL_X (代码为0x00),指示鼠标的Y轴方向REL_Y(代码为0x01),指示鼠标中轮子方向REL_WHEEL(代码为0x08). type: EV_KEY,键盘 EV_REL,相对坐标 EV_ABS,绝对坐标 value: 事件的值.如果事件的类型代码是EV_KEY,当按键按下时值为1,松开时值为0;如果事件的类型代码是EV_ REL,value的正数值和负数值分别代表两个不同方向的值. /* * Event types */ #define EV_SYN 0x00 #define EV_KEY 0x01 //按键 #define EV_REL 0x02 //相对坐标(轨迹球) #define EV_ABS 0x03 //绝对坐标 #define EV_MSC 0x04 //其他 #define EV_SW 0x05 #define EV_LED 0x11 //LED #define EV_SND 0x12//声音 #define EV_REP 0x14//repeat #define EV_FF 0x15 #define EV_PWR 0x16 #define EV_FF_STATUS 0x17 #define EV_MAX 0x1f #define EV_CNT (EV_MAX+1) 下面是一个模拟鼠标和键盘输入的例子: #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <linux/input.h> #include <linux/uinput.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <unistd.h> void simulate_key(int fd,int kval) { struct input_event event; event.type = EV_KEY; event.value = 1; event.code = kval; gettimeofday(&event.time,0); write(fd,&event,sizeof(event)) ; event.type = EV_SYN; event.code = SYN_REPORT; event.value = 0; write(fd, &event, sizeof(event)); memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event)); gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL); event.type = EV_KEY; event.code = kval; event.value = 0; write(fd, &event, sizeof(event)); event.type = EV_SYN; event.code = SYN_REPORT; event.value = 0; write(fd, &event, sizeof(event)); } void simulate_mouse(int fd) { struct input_event event; memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event)); gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL); event.type = EV_REL; event.code = REL_X; event.value = 10; write(fd, &event, sizeof(event)); event.type = EV_REL; event.code = REL_Y; event.value = 10; write(fd, &event, sizeof(event)); event.type = EV_SYN; event.code = SYN_REPORT; event.value = 0; write(fd, &event, sizeof(event)); } int main() { int fd_kbd; int fd_mouse; fd_kbd = open("/dev/input/event1",O_RDWR); if(fd_kbd<=0){ printf("error open keyboard: "); return -1; } fd_mouse = open("/dev/input/event2",O_RDWR); if(fd_mouse<=0){ printf("error open mouse "); return -2; } int i = 0; for(i=0; i< 10; i++) { simulate_key(fd_kbd, KEY_A + i); simulate_mouse(fd_mouse); sleep(1); } close(fd_kbd); } 模拟了鼠标和键盘的输入事件。 关于这里 open 哪个 event , 可以通过 cat /proc/bus/input/devices I: Bus=0017 Vendor=0001 Product=0001 Version=0100 N: Name="Macintosh mouse button emulation" P: Phys= S: Sysfs=/class/input/input0 U: Uniq= H: Handlers=mouse0 event0 B: EV=7 B: KEY=70000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 B: REL=3 I: Bus=0011 Vendor=0001 Product=0001 Version=ab41 N: Name="AT Translated Set 2 keyboard" P: Phys=isa0060/serio0/input0 S: Sysfs=/class/input/input1 U: Uniq= H: Handlers=kbd event1 B: EV=120013 B: KEY=4 2000000 3803078 f800d001 feffffdf ffefffff ffffffff fffffffe B: MSC=10 B: LED=7 I: Bus=0019 Vendor=0000 Product=0002 Version=0000 N: Name="Power Button (FF)" P: Phys=LNXPWRBN/button/input0 S: Sysfs=/class/input/input3 U: Uniq= H: Handlers=kbd event3 B: EV=3 B: KEY=100000 0 0 0 I: Bus=0019 Vendor=0000 Product=0001 Version=0000 N: Name="Power Button (CM)" P: Phys=PNP0C0C/button/input0 S: Sysfs=/class/input/input4 U: Uniq= H: Handlers=kbd event4 B: EV=3 B: KEY=100000 0 0 0 I: Bus=0003 Vendor=046d Product=c018 Version=0111 N: Name="Logitech USB Optical Mouse" P: Phys=usb-0000:00:1d.1-2/input0 S: Sysfs=/class/input/input24 U: Uniq= H: Handlers=mouse1 event2 B: EV=7 B: KEY=70000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 B: REL=103 我的鼠标是 罗技 的 Logitech USB Optical Mouse, 所以 鼠标是 event2 下面是一个读取 鼠标和键盘事件的例子: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <linux/input.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <errno.h> static void show_event(struct input_event* event) { printf("%d %d %d ", event->type, event->code, event->value); return; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { struct input_event event = {{0}, 0}; const char* file_name = argc == 2 ? argv[1] : "/dev/input/event2"; int fd = open(file_name, O_RDWR); if(fd > 0) { while(1) { int ret = read(fd, &event, sizeof(event)); if(ret == sizeof(event)) { show_event(&event); } else { break; } } close(fd); } return 0; } 很多人对于 如何模拟 CTRL + SPACE 感兴趣, 下面也给个例子,呵呵。 void simulate_ctrl_space(int fd) { struct input_event event; //先发送一个 CTRL 按下去的事件。 event.type = EV_KEY; event.value = 1; event.code = KEY_LEFTCTRL; gettimeofday(&event.time,0); write(fd,&event,sizeof(event)) ; event.type = EV_SYN; event.code = SYN_REPORT; event.value = 0; write(fd, &event, sizeof(event)); //先发送一个 SPACE 按下去的事件。 event.type = EV_KEY; event.value = 1; event.code = KEY_SPACE; gettimeofday(&event.time,0); write(fd,&event,sizeof(event)) ; //发送一个 释放 SPACE 的事件 memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event)); gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL); event.type = EV_KEY; event.code = KEY_SPACE; event.value = 0; write(fd, &event, sizeof(event)); event.type = EV_SYN; event.code = SYN_REPORT; event.value = 0; write(fd, &event, sizeof(event)); //发送一个 释放 CTRL 的事件 memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event)); gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL); event.type = EV_KEY; event.code = KEY_LEFTCTRL; event.value = 0; write(fd, &event, sizeof(event)); event.type = EV_SYN; event.code = SYN_REPORT; event.value = 0; write(fd, &event, sizeof(event)); }