Spring-Data-Jpa环境配置与实际应用

上次我们讲述了《Spring-Data-Jpa概述与接口》，接下来我们再讲讲Spring-Data-Jpa环境配置与实际应用。

Spring-Data 方法定义规范与使用配置

简单条件查询: 查询某一个实体类或者集合 
按照 Spring Data 的规范，查询方法以 find | read | get 开头,涉及条件查询时，条件的属性用条件关键字连接，要注意的是：条件属性以首字母大写。 

例如：定义一个 Entity 实体类：

class User｛
    private String firstName; 
     private String lastName; 
｝

使用And条件连接时，应这样写：

 

findByLastNameAndFirstName(String lastName,String firstName);

条件的属性名称与个数要与参数的位置与个数一一对应
直接在接口中定义查询方法，如果是符合规范的，可以不用写实现，目前支持的关键字写法如下：

@Query注解
这种查询可以声明在 Repository 方法中，摆脱像命名查询那样的约束，将查询直接在相应的接口方法中声明，结构更为清晰，这是 Spring data 的特有实现。

@Query来指定本地查询

自定义 Repository 方法
定义一个接口: 声明要添加的, 并自实现的方法
提供该接口的实现类: 类名需在要声明的 Repository 后添加 Impl, 并实现方法
声明 Repository 接口, 并继承 1) 声明的接口
使用.
注意: 默认情况下, Spring Data 会在 base-package 中查找 "接口名Impl" 作为实现类. 也可以通过　repository-impl-postfix　声明后缀.

环境配置与实际应用

pom.xml 文件坐标配置

<properties>
     <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
     <slf4j.version>1.7.0</slf4j.version>
     <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
     <spring.version>4.3.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
     <hibernate.version>4.3.11.Final</hibernate.version>
   </properties>
  
 <dependencies>
 <!-- slf4j -->
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
   <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
   <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
 </dependency>
  
 <!-- junit -->
 <dependency>
   <groupId>junit</groupId>
   <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
   <version>${junit.version}</version>
   <scope>test</scope>
 </dependency>
  
 <!-- 数据库依赖 -->
 <!-- mysql数据库驱动 -->
 <dependency>
   <groupId>mysql</groupId>
   <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
   <version>5.1.21</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
   <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
   <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
   <version>0.9.1.2</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- spring3 -->
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
   <version>${spring.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
   <version>${spring.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
   <version>${spring.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
   <version>${spring.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
   <version>${spring.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
   <version>${spring.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
   <version>${spring.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
   <version>${spring.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
   <version>${spring.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- springdatajpa -->
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-data-commons</artifactId>
   <version>1.7.1.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
   <version>1.5.1.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>
  
 <!-- aspectjweaver -->
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
   <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
   <version>1.7.0</version>
 </dependency>
  
 <!-- hibernate4 -->
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
   <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
   <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
 </dependency>
  
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
   <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
   <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
   <groupId>asm</groupId>
   <artifactId>asm</artifactId>
   <version>3.3.1</version>
 </dependency>
 </dependencies> 
 

jdbc.properties 文件

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
 jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/jpa?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
 jdbc.username=root
 jdbc.password=root
   
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spring.xml 文件配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
     <!-- 配置自动扫描的包 -->
     <context:component-scan base-package="com.shsxt"></context:component-scan>
  
     <!-- 1. 配置数据源 -->
     <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
  
     <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
         <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
         <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
         <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
         <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
     </bean>
     <!-- 2. 配置 JPA 的 EntityManagerFactory -->
     <bean id="entityManagerFactory" 
         class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
         <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
         <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
             <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"></bean>
         </property>
         <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.shsxt.entity"></property>
         <property name="jpaProperties">
             <props>
                 <!-- 生成的数据表的列的映射策略 -->
                 <prop key="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy">org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy</prop>
                 <!-- hibernate 基本属性 -->
                 <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</prop>
                 <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                 <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
                 <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
             </props>
         </property>
     </bean>
     <!-- 3. 配置事务管理器 -->
     <bean id="transactionManager"
         class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
         <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"></property>
     </bean>
     <!-- 4. 配置支持注解的事务 -->
     <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
  
     <!-- 5. 配置 SpringData -->
     <!-- 加入  jpa 的命名空间 -->
     <!-- base-package: 扫描 Repository Bean 所在的 package -->
     <jpa:repositories base-package="com.shsxt.dao"
         entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory" repository-impl-postfix="Impl" ></jpa:repositories>
 </beans> 
 　　

Dao 接口实例代码

package com.shsxt.dao;
  
import com.shsxt.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
  
import java.util.List;
  
 /**
  * Created by lp on 2017/12/21.
  */
 public interface UserRepository extends UserDao,JpaRepository<User,Integer> {
     /*
       命名查询约束定义
    */
     // 根据属性字段精确查询
    public List<User> findByUserName(String userName);
     // 根据属性字段模糊匹配
    public  List<User> findByUserNameLike(String userName);
     // 多条件匹配
    public  List<User> findByUserNameAndUserPwd(String userName,String userPwd);
  
     // 返回分页对象 页码 每页大小  根据用户名模糊匹配用户记录 页码 每页大小设置
    public Page<User> findByUserNameLike(String userName, Pageable pageable);
  
     // 返回分页列表数据
    public  List<User> findByUserPwdLike(String userPwd, Pageable pageable);
  
  
     /*
        query查询
         参数传递01:占位符
    
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 */
     @Query("select u from User  u where u.userName like %?1%")
     public  List<User> UserByUserName(String userName);
  
     @Query("select u from User u where u.userName=?1 and u.userPwd=?2")
     public  List<User>  loadUserByUserNameAndUserPwd(String userName,String userPwd);
  
     /**
      *参数传递02:命名参数
     * @param userName
      * @param userPwd
      * @return
      */
     @Query("select u from User u where u.userName like :userName and u.userPwd =:userPwd")
     public  List<User> loadUserByUserNameAndUserPwd02(@Param("userName") String userName,@Param("userPwd") String userPwd);
  
     /**
      * 占位符添加模糊匹配标志
     */
     @Query("select u from User u where u.userName like %:userName%")
     public  List<User> loadUserByUserName02(@Param("userName") String userName,Pageable pageable);
  
  
     /**
      * 本地sql 查询支持
     */
     @Query(value = "select * from t_user u where  u.user_name like %?1%",nativeQuery = true)
     public  List<User> loadUserByUserName03(String userName);
     
}