Django+Scrapy结合使用并爬取数据入库

1. 在django项目根目录位置创建scrapy项目，django_12是django项目，ABCkg是scrapy爬虫项目，app1是django的子应用

 2.在Scrapy的settings.py中加入以下代码

import os
import sys
sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath('.')))
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'django_12.settings'    # 项目名.settings
import django
django.setup()

3.编写爬虫，下面代码以ABCkg为例，abckg.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from ABCkg.items import AbckgItem

class AbckgSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'abckg'   #爬虫名称
    allowed_domains = ['www.abckg.com'] # 允许爬取的范围
    start_urls = ['http://www.abckg.com/'] # 第一次请求的地址
    def parse(self, response):
        print('返回内容：{}'.format(response))
        """
        解析函数
        :param response: 响应内容
        :return:
        """
        listtile = response.xpath('//*[@id="container"]/div/div/h2/a/text()').extract()
        listurl = response.xpath('//*[@id="container"]/div/div/h2/a/@href').extract()

        for index in range(len(listtile)):
            item = AbckgItem()
            item['title'] = listtile[index]
            item['url'] = listurl[index]
            yield scrapy.Request(url=listurl[index],callback=self.parse_content,method='GET',dont_filter=True,meta={'item':item})
        # 获取下一页
        nextpage = response.xpath('//*[@id="container"]/div[1]/div[10]/a[last()]/@href').extract_first()
        print('即将请求:{}'.format(nextpage))
        yield scrapy.Request(url=nextpage,callback=self.parse,method='GET',dont_filter=True)
        # 获取详情页
    def parse_content(self,response):
        item = response.meta['item']
        item['content'] = response.xpath('//*[@id="post-1192"]/dd/p').extract()
        print('内容为：{}'.format(item))
        yield item

4.scrapy中item.py 中引入django模型类

      pip install scrapy-djangoitem

from app1 import models
from scrapy_djangoitem import DjangoItem

class AbckgItem(DjangoItem):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()           # 普通scrapy爬虫写法
    # title = scrapy.Field()
    # url = scrapy.Field()
    # content = scrapy.Field()
    django_model = models.ABCkg     # 注入django项目的固定写法，必须起名为django_model  =django中models.ABCkg表

5.pipelines.py中调用save()

import json
from pymongo import MongoClient
# 用于接收parse函数发过来的item
class AbckgPipeline(object):
    # i = 0
    def open_spider(self,spider):
        # print('打开文件')
        if spider.name == 'abckg':
            self.f = open('abckg.json',mode='w')
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        # # print('ABC管道接收：{}'.format(item))
        # if spider.name == 'abckg':
        #     self.f.write(json.dumps(dict(item),ensure_ascii=False))
        # # elif spider.name == 'cctv':
        # #     img = requests.get(item['img'])
        # #     if img != '':
        # #         with open('图片\%d.png'%self.i,mode='wb')as f:
        # #             f.write(img.content)
        # #     self.i += 1
        item.save()
        return item    # 将item传给下一个管道执行
    def close_spider(self,spider):
        # print('关闭文件')
        self.f.close()

6.在django中models.py中一个模型类，字段对应爬取到的数据，选择适当的类型与长度

class ABCkg(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=30,verbose_name='标题')
    url = models.CharField(max_length=100,verbose_name='网址')
    content = models.CharField(max_length=200,verbose_name='内容')
    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = '爬虫ABCkg'
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

7.通过命令启动爬虫：scrapy crawl 爬虫名称

8.django进入admin后台即可看到爬取到的数据。