转自：http://forrest-lv.iteye.com/blog/2260703
安装前，需要检查是否已经有mysql服务进程，是否已经装过mysql; 这点很重要，我之前安装CentOS的同时，安装了mysql相关的东东，导致后面新安装mysql时，安装、启动时报了一堆的错。
例如:
Ignoring user change to 'laolv' because the user was set to 'mysql' earlier on the command line
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)
mysql Unknown error 1045
参考网址
http://www.cnblogs.com/kreo/p/4392090.html
http://blog.csdn.net/chenggong2dm/article/details/6568862
http://tieba.baidu.com/p/3881791613
http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3967681-1-1.html
一、卸载
卸载前关闭MySQL服务:
[laolv@centos65 Desktop]$ ps -ef | grep mysql [laolv@centos65 Desktop]$ chkconfig --list | grep -i mysql
因为没有将mysql做成服务，那么查出进程号，直接
kill -9 pid
查找机器是否安装mysql，如果安装过则卸载
[root@centos65 ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql [root@centos65 ~]# rpm -ev mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 --force rpm: only installation, upgrading, rmsource and rmspec may be forced [root@centos65 ~]# rpm -ev mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 --nodeps warning: /etc/my.cnf saved as /etc/my.cnf.rpmsave
删除mysql用户
[root@DB-Server ~]# id mysql uid=101(mysql) gid=501(mysql) groups=501(mysql) context=root:system_r:unconfined_t:SystemLow-SystemHigh [root@DB-Server ~]# userdel mysql
删除MySQL对应的文件夹:
[root@centos65 ~]# find / -name mysql /home/mysql /var/spool/mail/mysql /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql/mysql /mnt/hgfs/sharefiles/apache-hive-1.3.0-SNAPSHOT-bin/scripts/metastore/upgrade/mysql /opt/hive/apache-hive-1.3.0-SNAPSHOT-bin/scripts/metastore/upgrade/mysql /opt/softwares/mysql-5.7.9-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/include/mysql /opt/softwares/mysql-5.7.9-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/bin/mysql [root@centos65 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/ [root@centos65 ~]# rm -rf /home/mysql/ [root@centos65 ~]# rm -rf /var/spool/mail/mysql
重启操作系统
二、安装
一般安装都是先创建 用户:组 mysql:mysql ，例如网址一
我这儿使用已经存在的用户:组 laolv:laolv
需要注意：
glibc版本的Mysql,不是编译版的,是直接编译好的,相当于windows的绿色版
CentOS默认yum源已经没有mysql-server了.而用mariadb代替,而2个数据库冲突,所以要安装mysql,要先卸载mariadb
我的机器上是没有mariadb的
[root@centos65 ~]# find / -name mariadb [root@centos65 ~]# ps -ef | grep mariadb root 4632 4475 0 16:32 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mariadb [root@centos65 ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mariadb [root@centos65 ~]# [laolv@centos65 softwares]$ mv mysql-5.7.9-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql_5_7_9 [laolv@centos65 softwares]$ cd mysql_5_7_9
需要注意：
参考http://tieba.baidu.com/p/3881791613
mysql_install_db 已经不再推荐使用了，建议改成 mysqld --initialize 完成实例初始化。
改成 mysqld --initialize 后，如果 datadir 指向的目标目录下已经有数据文件，则会有类似提示：
[ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
另外，在初始化时如果加上 --initialize-insecure ，则会创建空密码的 root@localhost 账号，否则会创建带密码的 root@localhost 账号，密码直接写在 log-error 日志文件中（在5.6版本中是放在 ~/.mysql_secret 文件里，更加隐蔽，不熟悉的话可能会无所适从）
1.安装Mysql/初始化mysql数据库
[laolv@centos65 mysql_5_7_9]$ mkdir data [laolv@centos65 mysql_5_7_9]$ ./bin/mysqld --user=laolv --basedir=/opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9 --datadir=/opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9/data --initialize-insecure 2015-11-30T17:01:03.346374Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000) 2015-11-30T17:01:03.359032Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 431 (requested 2000) 2015-11-30T17:01:03.359397Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2015-11-30T17:01:03.788602Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2015-11-30T17:01:03.859671Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2015-11-30T17:01:03.899396Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: f0ac2cdd-9783-11e5-8670-000c292ec6d6. 2015-11-30T17:01:03.901991Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2015-11-30T17:01:03.903051Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option. [laolv@centos65 mysql_5_7_9]$
2.开启mysql
(
注意 bin/mysqld_safe --user=laolv &
我没有在后面带& , &表示在后台运行，ctrl-c结束不掉进程的，需要kill -9 pid 结束进程的
)
[laolv@centos65 mysql_5_7_9]$ bin/mysqld_safe --user=laolv 151130 17:12:11 mysqld_safe Logging to '/opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9/data/centos65.err'. 151130 17:12:12 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9/data
至此，mysql安装成功。
因为mysq处在运行状态，不要ctrl-c，再开一个ssh窗口，进行登录验证之类的..
[laolv@centos65 Desktop]$ ps -ef | grep mysql laolv 8377 5342 0 17:12 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh bin/mysqld_safe --user=laolv laolv 8459 8377 0 17:12 pts/0 00:00:00 /opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9/bin/mysqld --basedir=/opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9 --datadir=/opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9/data --plugin-dir=/opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9/lib/plugin --user=laolv --log-error=/opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9/data/centos65.err --pid-file=/opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9/data/centos65.pid laolv 8837 8823 0 17:15 pts/1 00:00:00 grep mysql [laolv@centos65 Desktop]$ lsof -i:3306 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mysqld 8459 laolv 20u IPv6 70640 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN) [laolv@centos65 Desktop]$
3.为mysql的root用户添加密码
[laolv@centos65 Desktop]$ vi ~/.bash_profile MYSQL_HOME=/opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9 export MYSQL_HOME PATH=$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$HIVE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin:$PROTOBUF_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$MAVEN_HOME/bin:$ANT_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$CMAKE_HOME/bin:$PATH export PATH [laolv@centos65 Desktop]$ su - laolv 密码： [laolv@centos65 ~]$ which mysql /opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9/bin/mysql [laolv@centos65 ~]$ mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.9 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.03 sec) mysql> set password = password('forrest'); Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) mysql> exit Bye [laolv@centos65 ~]$ mysql -uroot -p Enter password: 此时需要输入密码了 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +---------------------------+ | Tables_in_mysql | +---------------------------+ | columns_priv | | db | | engine_cost |
4. 关闭mysql
#关闭mysql
mysqladmin shutdown
#或
m
mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown
mysql> exit
Bye
[laolv@centos65 ~]$ mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown
Enter password:
[laolv@centos65 ~]$ ps -ef | grep mysql
laolv 11656 9533 0 17:44 pts/1 00:00:00 grep mysql
[laolv@centos65 ~]$
5. 今后开启mysql
不再需要初始化了，直接
[laolv@centos65 mysql_5_7_9]$ bin/mysqld_safe --user=laolv
151130 17:46:41 mysqld_safe Logging to '/opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9/data/centos65.err'.
151130 17:46:41 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9/data
另开终端
[laolv@centos65 ~]$ ps -ef | grep mysql
laolv 11815 5342 0 17:46 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh bin/mysqld_safe --user=laolv
laolv 11895 11815 6 17:46 pts/0 00:00:00 /opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9/bin/mysqld --basedir=/opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9 --datadir=/opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9/data --plugin-dir=/opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9/lib/plugin --user=laolv --log-error=/opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9/data/centos65.err --pid-file=/opt/softwares/mysql_5_7_9/data/centos65.pid
laolv 11932 9533 0 17:46 pts/1 00:00:00 grep mysql
[laolv@centos65 ~]$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.9 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show database;