centos6.3安装python2.7, pip2.7, mysql

参考:

https://github.com/h2oai/h2o-2/wiki/Installing-python-2.7-on-centos-6.3.-Follow-this-sequence-exactly-for-centos-machine-only

http://toomuchdata.com/2012/06/25/how-to-install-python-2-7-3-on-centos-6-2/

背景:

生产环境下使用的是centos  6.3, 系统默认python2.6, 在不改变系统默认的前提下, 想额外的安装python2.7.

所有步骤基本都复制于参考文章, 此篇仅作为笔记备查.

安装Python2.7

步骤:

1. 配置yum国内源

cd /etc/yum.repos.d
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
mv CentOS6-Base-163.repo CentOS6-Base.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache

2. 配置python2.7源码安装编译环境

yum groupinstall "Development tools"
yum install zlib-devel
yum install bzip2-devel
yum install openssl-devel
yum install ncurses-devel
yum install sqlite-devel

3. 下载并编译安装python2.7

cd /opt
wget --no-check-certificate https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.11/Python-2.7.11.tar.xz
tar xf Python-2.7.11.tar.xz
cd Python-2.7.11
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make altinstall

注意, 是 make altinstall 而不是 make install

安装完成后, /usr/bin/python 和 /usr/local/bin/python 应该如下

root@lg1:/opt/Python-2.7.11 ] ls -ltr /usr/bin/python*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    6 Nov 16  2002 /usr/bin/python2 -> python
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1418 Jul 10  2013 /usr/bin/python2.6-config
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4864 Jul 10  2013 /usr/bin/python2.6
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4864 Jul 10  2013 /usr/bin/python
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   16 Oct 24 15:39 /usr/bin/python-config -> python2.6-config

root@lg1:/opt/Python-2.7.11 ] ls -ltr /usr/local/bin/python*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6214533 Mar 19 22:46 /usr/local/bin/python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    1674 Mar 19 22:46 /usr/local/bin/python2.7-config

4. 检查一下$PATH, /usr/local/bin的位置应该在/usr/bin之前

root@openstack h2o]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

5. 建立软链接, 把 /usr/local/bin/python2.7 链接到 /usr/local/bin/python

ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/local/bin/python

6. 断开ssh, 重新ssh到服务器, python已默认为2.7.11, yum可以正常使用

安装pip, virtualenv

1. 安装pip 8.1.2

因为所有的环境都在virtualenv中配置, 所以pip没有修改, 如果默认的pip是2.6版本, 建立软链接到/usr/local/bin/pip即可

wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
python get-pip.py

2. 安装virtualenv

pip install virtualenv

安装mysql

1. 安装mysql客户端和服务端

yum install mysql
yum install mysql-server
yum install mysql-devel

2. 配置mysql默认charset

/etc/my.cnf中加入default-character-set=utf8

3. 启动mysql服务和设置开机启动

service mysqld start
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on

4. 创建mysql root用户

mysqladmin -u root password 123456