Android源码之Gallery专题研究（1）

前言

时光飞逝，从事Android系统开发已经两年了，总想写点什么来安慰自己。思考了很久总是无法下笔，觉得没什么好写的。现在终于决定写一些符合大多数人需求的东西，想必使用过Android手机的人们一定对“图库”（以下简称Gallery）这个应用非常熟悉。在Android市场里面有各种关于图库的应用，他们的最初原型其实就是Android系统原生“图库”，只是做了不同的差异化而已（UI差异化）。在研究Gallery源码之前，我们需要对设计模式有一定的了解，根据自己对Gallery的了解，Gallery的设计就好比是一座设计精良的并且高效运转的机器（32个攒）。毫不夸张地说，在Android市场里，没有一款“图库”应用的设计设计能够和Gallery媲美。接下来的一段时间，就让我们共同来揭开Gallery的神秘面纱。

数据加载

在研究Gallery之前，我们还是来欣赏一下Gallery的整体效果，具体见图1-1所示：

                                                                                                                   

                                                                                                                图1-1

首先我们先来看一下Gallery的发展历史，在Android2.3之前Android系统的“图库”名为Gallery3D，在Android2.3之后系统将之前的Gallery3D更改为Gallery2，一直沿用到目前最新版本（4.4），Gallery2在UI和功能上面做了质的飞跃，是目前Android源码中非常优秀的模块，对于Android应用开发者来说是非常好的开源项目，其中的设计新思想和设计模式都值得我们借鉴。

现在回到我们研究的主题-数据加载，我们先来看一下Gallery2在源码中的路径(package/app/Gallery2/),在该路径下包含了“图库”使用的资源和源码。我们在设计一款软件的时候首先考虑的是数据的存储和访问，因此我们也按照这样的设计思路来探究Gallery2的数据加载过程。说到这儿稍微提一下我分析源码的方式，可能大家对Android源码稍微有一点了解的同学应该知道，Android源码是非常庞大的，因此选择分析程序的切入点大致可以分为两类：第一种是按照操程序操作步骤分析源码——适用于界面跳转清晰的程序；第二种是根据打印的Log信息分析程序的运行逻辑——适用于复杂的操作逻辑。

首先我们先来看一下BucketHelper.java类（/src/com/android/gallery3d/data/BucketHelper.java），该类主要是负责读取MediaProvider数据库中Image和Video数据，具体代码如下所示：

package com.android.gallery3d.data;

import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.provider.MediaStore.Files;
import android.provider.MediaStore.Files.FileColumns;
import android.provider.MediaStore.Images;
import android.provider.MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns;
import android.provider.MediaStore.Video;
import android.util.Log;

import com.android.gallery3d.common.ApiHelper;
import com.android.gallery3d.common.Utils;
import com.android.gallery3d.util.ThreadPool.JobContext;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.HashMap;

class BucketHelper {

    private static final String TAG = "BucketHelper";
    private static final String EXTERNAL_MEDIA = "external";

    // BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME is a string like "Camera" which is the directory
    // name of where an image or video is in. BUCKET_ID is a hash of the path
    // name of that directory (see computeBucketValues() in MediaProvider for
    // details). MEDIA_TYPE is video, image, audio, etc.
    // BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME字段为文件目录名称 BUCKET_ID字段为目录路径（path）的HASH值
    // The "albums" are not explicitly recorded in the database, but each image
    // or video has the two columns (BUCKET_ID, MEDIA_TYPE). We define an
    // "album" to be the collection of images/videos which have the same value
    // for the two columns.
    // "专辑"的划分方式为：当文件具有相同的目录（BUCKET_ID）和多媒体类型（MEDIA_TYPE）即属于同一专辑
    // The goal of the query (used in loadSubMediaSetsFromFilesTable()) is to
    // find all albums, that is, all unique values for (BUCKET_ID, MEDIA_TYPE).
    // In the meantime sort them by the timestamp of the latest image/video in
    // each of the album.
    //
    // The order of columns below is important: it must match to the index in
    // MediaStore.
    private static final String[] PROJECTION_BUCKET = {
            ImageColumns.BUCKET_ID,
            FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE,
            ImageColumns.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME};

    // The indices should match the above projections.
    private static final int INDEX_BUCKET_ID = 0;
    private static final int INDEX_MEDIA_TYPE = 1;
    private static final int INDEX_BUCKET_NAME = 2;

    // We want to order the albums by reverse chronological order. We abuse the
    // "WHERE" parameter to insert a "GROUP BY" clause into the SQL statement.
    // The template for "WHERE" parameter is like:
    //    SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE (%s)
    // and we make it look like:
    //    SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE (1) GROUP BY 1,(2)
    // The "(1)" means true. The "1,(2)" means the first two columns specified
    // after SELECT. Note that because there is a ")" in the template, we use
    // "(2" to match it.
    private static final String BUCKET_GROUP_BY = "1) GROUP BY 1,(2";

    private static final String BUCKET_ORDER_BY = "MAX(datetaken) DESC";

    // Before HoneyComb there is no Files table. Thus, we need to query the
    // bucket info from the Images and Video tables and then merge them
    // together.
    //
    // A bucket can exist in both tables. In this case, we need to find the
    // latest timestamp from the two tables and sort ourselves. So we add the
    // MAX(date_taken) to the projection and remove the media_type since we
    // already know the media type from the table we query from.
    private static final String[] PROJECTION_BUCKET_IN_ONE_TABLE = {
            ImageColumns.BUCKET_ID,
            "MAX(datetaken)",
            ImageColumns.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME};

    // We keep the INDEX_BUCKET_ID and INDEX_BUCKET_NAME the same as
    // PROJECTION_BUCKET so we can reuse the values defined before.
    private static final int INDEX_DATE_TAKEN = 1;

    // When query from the Images or Video tables, we only need to group by BUCKET_ID.
    private static final String BUCKET_GROUP_BY_IN_ONE_TABLE = "1) GROUP BY (1";

    public static BucketEntry[] loadBucketEntries(
            JobContext jc, ContentResolver resolver, int type) {
        if (ApiHelper.HAS_MEDIA_PROVIDER_FILES_TABLE) {//当API1>= 11(即Android3.0版本之后)
            return loadBucketEntriesFromFilesTable(jc, resolver, type);//获取MediaScanner数据库中多媒体文件（图片和视频）的目录路径和目录名称
        } else {//Android3.0之前版本
            return loadBucketEntriesFromImagesAndVideoTable(jc, resolver, type);
        }
    }

    private static void updateBucketEntriesFromTable(JobContext jc,
            ContentResolver resolver, Uri tableUri, HashMap<Integer, BucketEntry> buckets) {
        Cursor cursor = resolver.query(tableUri, PROJECTION_BUCKET_IN_ONE_TABLE,
                BUCKET_GROUP_BY_IN_ONE_TABLE, null, null);
        if (cursor == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "cannot open media database: " + tableUri);
            return;
        }
        try {
            while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
                int bucketId = cursor.getInt(INDEX_BUCKET_ID);
                int dateTaken = cursor.getInt(INDEX_DATE_TAKEN);
                BucketEntry entry = buckets.get(bucketId);
                if (entry == null) {
                    entry = new BucketEntry(bucketId, cursor.getString(INDEX_BUCKET_NAME));
                    buckets.put(bucketId, entry);
                    entry.dateTaken = dateTaken;
                } else {
                    entry.dateTaken = Math.max(entry.dateTaken, dateTaken);
                }
            }
        } finally {
            Utils.closeSilently(cursor);
        }
    }

    private static BucketEntry[] loadBucketEntriesFromImagesAndVideoTable(
            JobContext jc, ContentResolver resolver, int type) {
        HashMap<Integer, BucketEntry> buckets = new HashMap<Integer, BucketEntry>(64);
        if ((type & MediaObject.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE) != 0) {
            updateBucketEntriesFromTable(
                    jc, resolver, Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, buckets);
        }
        if ((type & MediaObject.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) != 0) {
            updateBucketEntriesFromTable(
                    jc, resolver, Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, buckets);
        }
        BucketEntry[] entries = buckets.values().toArray(new BucketEntry[buckets.size()]);
        Arrays.sort(entries, new Comparator<BucketEntry>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(BucketEntry a, BucketEntry b) {
                // sorted by dateTaken in descending order
                return b.dateTaken - a.dateTaken;
            }
        });
        return entries;
    }

    private static BucketEntry[] loadBucketEntriesFromFilesTable(
            JobContext jc, ContentResolver resolver, int type) {
        Uri uri = getFilesContentUri();

        Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri,
                PROJECTION_BUCKET, BUCKET_GROUP_BY,
                null, BUCKET_ORDER_BY);
        if (cursor == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "cannot open local database: " + uri);
            return new BucketEntry[0];
        }
        ArrayList<BucketEntry> buffer = new ArrayList<BucketEntry>();
        int typeBits = 0;
        if ((type & MediaObject.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE) != 0) {
            typeBits |= (1 << FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE);
        }
        if ((type & MediaObject.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) != 0) {
            typeBits |= (1 << FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO);
        }
        try {
            while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
                if ((typeBits & (1 << cursor.getInt(INDEX_MEDIA_TYPE))) != 0) {
                    BucketEntry entry = new BucketEntry(
                            cursor.getInt(INDEX_BUCKET_ID),
                            cursor.getString(INDEX_BUCKET_NAME));//构造元数据BucketEntry

                    if (!buffer.contains(entry)) {
                        buffer.add(entry);//添加数据信息
                    }
                }
                if (jc.isCancelled()) return null;
            }
        } finally {
            Utils.closeSilently(cursor);
        }
        return buffer.toArray(new BucketEntry[buffer.size()]);
    }

    private static String getBucketNameInTable(
            ContentResolver resolver, Uri tableUri, int bucketId) {
        String selectionArgs[] = new String[] {String.valueOf(bucketId)};
        Uri uri = tableUri.buildUpon()
                .appendQueryParameter("limit", "1")
                .build();
        Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, PROJECTION_BUCKET_IN_ONE_TABLE,
                "bucket_id = ?", selectionArgs, null);
        try {
            if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToNext()) {
                return cursor.getString(INDEX_BUCKET_NAME);
            }
        } finally {
            Utils.closeSilently(cursor);
        }
        return null;
    }

    @TargetApi(ApiHelper.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB)
    private static Uri getFilesContentUri() {
        return Files.getContentUri(EXTERNAL_MEDIA);
    }

    public static String getBucketName(ContentResolver resolver, int bucketId) {
        if (ApiHelper.HAS_MEDIA_PROVIDER_FILES_TABLE) {
            String result = getBucketNameInTable(resolver, getFilesContentUri(), bucketId);
            return result == null ? "" : result;
        } else {
            String result = getBucketNameInTable(
                    resolver, Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, bucketId);
            if (result != null) return result;
            result = getBucketNameInTable(
                    resolver, Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, bucketId);
            return result == null ? "" : result;
        }
    }

    public static class BucketEntry {
        public String bucketName;
        public int bucketId;
        public int dateTaken;

        public BucketEntry(int id, String name) {
            bucketId = id;
            bucketName = Utils.ensureNotNull(name);
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            return bucketId;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object object) {
            if (!(object instanceof BucketEntry)) return false;
            BucketEntry entry = (BucketEntry) object;
            return bucketId == entry.bucketId;
        }
    }
}

接下来我们再来看看BucketHelper类的调用关系的时序图，具体如1-2所示：

    

 图1-2

到目前为止我们大致了解了Gallery数据加载的一个大体流程，接下来的文章将分析Album数据的读取以及数据封装。