• MySQL5.7初始化后5种密码重置方法

    前言：由于好几次安装MySQL5.7后一直被重置密码所困扰,因此特意整理重置的方法

    安装MySQL5.7

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    [root@node1 db]# ll  以下的rpm安装包可以随处下载
    total 402356
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root      24744 Nov 25  2015 libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
    -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  25106088 Mar  5 10:24 mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415   3781636 Mar  5 10:24 mysql-community-devel-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415   2239868 Mar  5 10:24 mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 172992596 Mar  5 10:25 mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    [root@node1 db]#
    [root@node1 db]# rpm -ivh *.rpm --nodeps --force
    warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
    Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
    Updating / installing...
       1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7################################# [ 20%]
       2:mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.e################################# [ 40%]
       3:libaio-0.3.109-13.el7            ################################# [ 60%]
       4:mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.e################################# [ 80%]
       5:mysql-community-devel-5.7.22-1.el################################# [100%]
     
    启动mysql
    [root@node1 db]# systemctl start mysqld
     
    从日志中获取随机生成的密码
    [root@node1 db]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
    2018-07-15T09:01:09.735836Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ViFg8pWf+,lU
    [root@node1 db]# mysql -uroot -pViFg8pWf+,lU
    mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 2
    Server version: 5.7.22
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
     
    登录后并不能任何操作
    mysql> show databases;
    ERROR 1820 (HY000): Unknown error 1820
    mysql> select * from mysql;
    ERROR 1046 (3D000):

    方法1：使用alter修改

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    mysql> ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY 'Reid790!@#$';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
     
    mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Tom579#$%^&';  #针对localhost
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
     
    或者先关闭其密码策略修改
    mysql> select @@validate_password_length;
    ERROR 1820 (HY000): Unknown error 1820
    mysql>  ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
     
    validate_password_policy有以下取值：
    Policy  Tests Performed
    0 or LOW    Length
    1 or MEDIUM Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters
    2 or STRONG Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file
    默认是1，即MEDIUM，所以刚开始设置的密码必须符合长度，且必须含有数字，小写或大写字母，特殊字符。

    方法2：使用set password

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    mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('Gerk087@&#@');  #第一次也要符合密友复杂度
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
     
    mysql> flush privileges;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    方法3：使用update

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    mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string = PASSWORD('Marry583@&%!'), password_expired = 'N' WHERE User = 'root' AND Host = 'localhost';
    Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
     
    mysql> flush privileges;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    方法4：使用mysql_secure_installation

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    [root@node1 db]# mysql_secure_installation
     
    Securing the MySQL server deployment.
     
    Enter password for user root: Marry583@&%!
    The 'validate_password' plugin is installed on the server.
    The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration
    of the plugin.
    Using existing password for root.
     
    Estimated strength of the password: 100
    Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
     
    New password: Tom579#$%^&
     
    Re-enter new password: Tom579#$%^&
     
    Estimated strength of the password: 100
    Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
    By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
    allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
    a user account created for them. This is intended only for
    testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
    You should remove them before moving into a production
    environment.
    为了安全应该yes
    Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : No
     
     ... skipping.
     
     
    Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
    'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
    the root password from the network.
    为了安全应该yes
    Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : No
     
     ... skipping.
    By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
    anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
    and should be removed before moving into a production
    environment.
     
    为了安全应该yes
    Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : No 
     
     ... skipping.
    Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
    made so far will take effect immediately.
     
    Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
    Success.
     
    All done!

    方法5：跳过授权列表skip-grant-tables

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    [root@node1 db]# mysql
    ERROR 1045 (28000): Unknown error 1045
    [root@node1 db]# vim /etc/my.cnf  #使用完后去掉
    [mysqld]
    skip-grant-tables=1
     
    重启mysql,再修改
    [root@node1 db]# systemctl restart mysqld
    [root@node1 db]# mysql
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 2
    Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
     
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
     
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
     
    Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
     
    mysql> set password = PASSWORD('Reid4909@%&');
    ERROR 1290 (HY000): Unknown error 1290
    mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Tom579#$%^&';
    ERROR 1290 (HY000): Unknown error 1290
    mysql> flush privileges;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
     
    mysql> set password = PASSWORD('Reid4909@%&');
    ERROR 1133 (42000):
    mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Tom579#$%^&';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
     
    mysql> set password for root@localhost = password('123456');
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

    Summary
    a. mysql5.7安装好后会在/var/log/mysql.log中产随机密码,而且不修改密码不能执行任何操作
    b. mysql5.7的user表中的password字串修改为authentication_string
    c. 修改密码的Policy转变是1(中级),因此设置时要符合规则
    d. 跳过授权列时,同时也不受密码policy影响

    https://www.cnblogs.com/reid21/p/9314376.html
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/seasonzone/p/14837998.html
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