一、什么是IO Stream
Stream 是在编程语言中对输入输出的总称 (一种比喻的称谓。Stream 为流水,输入输出实际上就是指数据的流动,数据由一个地方运动的另一个地方,就像流水一样,程序员将输入输出比作流水,再恰当不过了)。
流按照其所载内容分类,大致可分为字节流和字符流两大类。
1、字节流 (Byte Stream)
在计算机中,byte是相当于机器语言中的单词,他在Java中统一由InputStream和OutputStream作处理。
2、字符流(Character Stream)
而在编码体系中,一般采用Char(2 bytes), 他在Java中统一由Reader和Writer作处理。
InputStream, OutputStream, Reader和Writer, 作为在java.io.*包的顶级父类,定义了IO Process中最抽象的处理和规范。对于实际的应用,他们并不适用。于是根据各种实际的需要,由他们派生出来形式各样各具特色的子类。
二、IO Stream分类
1 Node Stream :基本流,可以从名称中看出他是从哪个地方输入输出的。
1.1 用于文件输入输出流: FileInputStream, FileOutputStream
1.2 用于内存数组的输入输出流:ByteArrayInputStream, ByteArrayOutputStream
1.3 用于字符串的输入输出流:StringArrayInputStream, StringArrayOutputStream
1.4 用于管道的输入输出流:PipedInputStream, PipeOutStream (用于线程间的交互)
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2 Processing Stream: 处理流,是对Node Stream的加强和补充,可以看作是高级流。 要构造一个高级流通常要以一个基础流为基础(如通过构造函数的参数传入)
2.1 用于提高输入输出效率的缓冲流:BufferedInputStream, BufferedOutputStream
2.2 用于数据转化的数据流: DataInputStream (用于读取Java的Primitive Data Type) , DataOutputStream
2.3 8位转化为16位的流: InputStreamReader, OutputWriter (用于沟通byte 和Char )
2.4 打印流: PintStream
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三、IO 编程的一般流程
1. 创建基本流
2. 升级基本流到高级流
3. 使用在高级流中的方法作读写操作
4. 关闭流并释放资源
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Creat node stream; 2. Upgrade node stream to processing stream if necessary 3. Use the methods in the stream object to read or write 4. Close the stream and release the resource ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Create InputStream/Reader 2. Upgrade to Buffered 3. Use readLine() While((str=in.readln())!=null) 4. close() ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Create OutputStream/Writer 2. Upgrade to PrintWriter 3. Use println() 4. close()
四、经典IO实例
import java.io.*; /* 1. Creat node stream; 2. Upgrade node stream to processing stream if necessary 3. Use the methods in the stream object to read or write 4. Close the stream and release the resource -------------------------------------------------------- 1. Create InputStream/Reader 2. Upgrade to Buffered 3. Use readLine() While((str=in.readln())!=null) 4. close() -------------------------------------------------------- 1. Create OutputStream/Writer 2. Upgrade to PrintWriter 3. Use println() 4. close() */ public class IOProcessSample{ public static void main(String[] args) { //Create a file based on the first command-line argument to the program File file= new File(args[0]); //Create buffered reader from the standard input BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); System.out.println("Press ctr-d or ctr-z to end"); String str; try{ //Create a print write to write on a file //PrintWriter is required to handled the IO exception PrintWriter out= new PrintWriter(file); //Read from the standard input and write to the file while((str=in.readLine())!=null){ out.println(str); } //close the stream and release the resource in.close(); out.close(); } catch(FileNotFoundException e){ System.err.println("File not found in part 1 : "+file); } catch (IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } finally{ System.out.println("-----------Part1 is ended-----------------------"); } ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// try{ //Create a buffer reader from a file in=new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file)); //Read the file and print the content on the screen. while((str=in.readLine())!=null){ System.out.println(str); } //close the stream and release the resource in.close(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e){ System.err.println("File not found in part 2: "+file); } catch (IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } finally{ System.out.println("----------------------The End -------------------------"); } } }