mongodb 查询

--多条件查询。下面的示例等同于SQL语句的where name = "stephen" and age = 35
    > db.test.find({"name":"stephen","age":35})
    { "_id" : ObjectId("4fd58ecbb9ac507e96276f1a"), "name" : "stephen", "age" : 35, "genda" : "male", "email" : "stephen@hotmail.com" }
 
    --返回指定的文档键值对。下面的示例将只是返回name和age键值对。
    > db.test.find({}, {"name":1,"age":1})
   { "_id" : ObjectId("4fd58ecbb9ac507e96276f1a"), "name" : "stephen", "age" : 35 }

    --指定不返回的文档键值对。下面的示例将返回除name之外的所有键值对。
    > db.test.find({}, {"name":0})
    { "_id" : ObjectId("4fd58ecbb9ac507e96276f1a"), "age" : 35, "genda" : "male", "email" : "stephen@hotmail.com" }
 
    MongoDB提供了一组比较操作符：$lt/$lte/$gt/$gte/$ne，依次等价于</<=/>/>=/!=。
    --下面的示例返回符合条件age >= 18 && age <= 40的文档。
    > db.test.find({"age":{"$gte":18, "$lte":40}})
    { "_id" : ObjectId("4fd58ecbb9ac507e96276f1a"), "name" : "stephen", "age" : 35,"genda" : "male", "email" : "stephen@hotmail.com" }
 
    --下面的示例返回条件符合name != "stephen1"
    > db.test.find({"name":{"$ne":"stephen1"}})
    { "_id" : ObjectId("4fd58ecbb9ac507e96276f1a"), "name" : "stephen", "age" : 35,"genda" : "male", "email" : "stephen@hotmail.com" }
 
    --$in等同于SQL中的in，下面的示例等同于SQL中的in ("stephen","stephen1")
    > db.test.find({"name":{"$in":["stephen","stephen1"]}})
    { "_id" : ObjectId("4fd58ecbb9ac507e96276f1a"), "name" : "stephen", "age" : 35,"genda" : "male", "email" : "stephen@hotmail.com" }  
 
    --和SQL不同的是，MongoDB的in list中的数据可以是不同类型。这种情况可用于不同类型的别名场景。
    > db.test.find({"name":{"$in":["stephen",123]}})
    { "_id" : ObjectId("4fd58ecbb9ac507e96276f1a"), "name" : "stephen", "age" : 35,"genda" : "male", "email" : "stephen@hotmail.com" } 
 
    --$nin等同于SQL中的not in，同时也是$in的取反。如：
    > db.test.find({"name":{"$nin":["stephen2","stephen1"]}})
    { "_id" : ObjectId("4fd58ecbb9ac507e96276f1a"), "name" : "stephen", "age" : 35,"genda" : "male", "email" : "stephen@hotmail.com" }
 
    --$or等同于SQL中的or，$or所针对的条件被放到一个数组中，每个数组元素表示or的一个条件。
    --下面的示例等同于name = "stephen1" or age = 35
    > db.test.find({"$or": [{"name":"stephen1"}, {"age":35}]})
    { "_id" : ObjectId("4fd58ecbb9ac507e96276f1a"), "name" : "stephen", "age" : 35,"genda" : "male", "email" : "stephen@hotmail.com" } 
 
    --下面的示例演示了如何混合使用$or和$in。
    > db.test.find({"$or": [{"name":{"$in":["stephen","stephen1"]}}, {"age":36}]})
    { "_id" : ObjectId("4fd58ecbb9ac507e96276f1a"), "name" : "stephen", "age" : 35,"genda" : "male", "email" : "stephen@hotmail.com" } 
 
    --$not表示取反，等同于SQL中的not。
    > db.test.find({"name": {"$not": {"$in":["stephen2","stephen1"]}}})
    { "_id" : ObjectId("4fd58ecbb9ac507e96276f1a"), "name" : "stephen", "age" : 35,"genda" : "male", "email" : "stephen@hotmail.com" }